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Labor productivity index for US construction industry and all non-farm industries from 1964 through 2003, National Institute of Building Science (NIBS) 2007
Source publication
Gantt Charts have been used for decades as a tool for project planning and scheduling. However, they lack the desired output when it comes to schedule visualization. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has proven to be a very powerful design tool. BIM implementing firms are now investigating possibilities to expand the use of BIM to cover more aspe...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Critical Path Method (CPM) in combination with conventional two- dimensional drawings have been the traditional tools used in the construction industry to analyze project design and plan for its construction. In the development process of producing schedules from a set of 2D drawings, construction planners require training as well as experience to interpret drawings and associate them with relevant construction activities precisely. Such a process is based on planners ’ ability to visualize drawings in the third dimension and interpret activity sequences in their mind. Complexities in current projects increase possibilities for even experienced planners to make mistakes in understanding designs, and that in turn leads to poor construction schedules. The next step would be to implement developed schedules for construction. Gantt charts have been the most commonly used method for visualization of CPM schedules for a considerable time. In addition, problems arise due to inadequate interpretation by technical and non-technical project stakeholders of the developed schedules and their ability to understand and visualize Gantt charts. Interpretation may differ from one person to another thus leading to conflicts and mistakes in execution of project schedules which leads to undesired performance and delays in projects. There is a lot of research that has investigated reasons for delay in different countries. The conducted studies identified ineffective planning and scheduling to be the most frequent cause of delay in developing countries (Al Sehaimi et al. , 2013). Shah et al. (2008) found from a survey that 29% of projects were delayed due to poor planning and scheduling. Qatar has recently won the organization of the 2022 world cup. Consequently, massive development plans were announced in infrastructure, commercial, sports, as well as touristic sectors. The government of Qatar announced plans to spend 205 billion US dollars on various construction projects over the next five years (Reuters, 2014). With such enormous budgets and complex projects expected to meet the 2022 deadline, it is crucial that Qatar considers an improved and innovative planning and scheduling techniques to ensure the delivery of such complex projects in such a short time frame (GSDP, 2008). The construction industry is often blamed for its inefficiency when compared to other industries; according to a study conducted by the National Institute of Building Science in the United States, government statistics shows that the non-farming manufacturing industries increased their productivity by almost double between 1964, and 2000, while construction industry productivity declined by 20% in the same period. The reason for this would be an increase in complexity of the construction as illustrated in Figure 1 and as debated by Kymmell (2008). In order to overcome such inefficiency, innovative and more creative approaches need to be implemented within the construction industry (Teicholz, ...
Citations
... According to modern research, the construction industry is one of the largest in the world economy, and its turnover in 2023 is expected to exceed $10 trillion [4,5]. However, the productivity of construction has practically not changed, and has slightly decreased in the last 30 years [2,[6][7][8]. Reducing unproductive time, which is a key factor affecting the current level of construction labour productivity (CLP), is an important scientific challenge for scientists and practitioners in order to increase construction productivity [9][10][11]. ...
... The direct impact of construction labour productivity on the profit of construction organizations is evidenced by the results of a number of studies [12,26]. Some of them are devoted to the assessment of construction productivity and its decline in comparison with other industries [6][7][8], the impact and importance of construction productivity both for the production of construction products and for the economy as a whole [5,9,10,27], and the impact of changes in labour productivity on the productivity of work in the construction industry [9]. ...
Multiple studies are devoted to problems of construction labour productivity and methods of increasing it. These studies contain systematized factors and the main measures that can be applied to influence them. However, the issues of reducingdowntime in design and construction by integrating Lean manufacturing tools and innovative digital technologies to increase construction labour productivity have not yet been actively studied. This paper examines the quantitative assessment of the impact of tools for Lean construction and the digitalization of business processes on labour productivity when implementing investment projects in development and changes in the effectiveness of projects. The conducted study contains an extensive review of the literature, identifies time losses as an important labour productivity factor, proposes a practical approach to the implementation of Lean 4.0 technology in the activities of a development company, and provides practical calculations of labour productivity for the existing project. Expert and calculated evidence of the positive impact of Lean 4.0 on labour productivity and performance parameters of construction projects are presented here. The effects of the introduction of tools and principles of Lean-digital technologies for construction project participants, as well as recommendations for the implementation of the proposed approach in construction practice, are discussed.
... The results indicate that some countries, such as Japan, experience a negative or neutral return on investment(ROI), while others, such as North Korea, may have higher returns, Figure (5) [44]. The review has identified common challenges in BIM adoption across different countries, including insufficient government leadership, organizational challenges, legal concerns, high application costs, reluctance to change the thinking paradigm, insufficient external incentives [45], lack of management support, challenges associated with the BIM environment, the expense of BIM software and training, incompatibility, legal, contractual, and cultural issues [46], stakeholder ignorance and poor understanding, lack of trained workers, communication problems between teams, lack of policies or standards [47], limited resources, high costs, shortage of skilled personnel, and resistance to change from stakeholders [48][51] [52]. The review of many paper research reveals that these challenges pose significant barriers to the successful adoption and implementation of BIM in different countries. ...
TThis research endeavors to investigate the obstacles and level of awareness pertaining to the adoption of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in the construction industry of Libya. The study employs a qualitative approach, which combines a literature review and questionnaires, targeted at Libyan architects, engineers, and contractors (AEC), to identify the barriers to the implementation of BIM specifically in Libya. The findings of the research indicate that there is a limited understanding of BIM but a growing awareness of its potential benefits. Additionally, the study identified several barriers and technical challenges such as the cost of software platforms and training as well as human factors such as a lack of demand from clients due to cost or the absence of authorized distributors/experts, which are hindering the successful integration of BIM within the sector. The study aims to provide insight into these barriers in order to pave the way for the next steps that must be taken to initiate and plan a framework by the government, to create a solid foundation for the adoption of BIM process in the construction sector of Libya.
... At this massive scale, even small advancements in productivity that gain wider industry adoption provide a significant impact on the productivity of completed work in the construction industry [2,3]. Construction productivity has remained relatively flat to declining over the preceding three decades and has been outpaced by other industries such as manufacturing, services, and the overall economy [4][5][6]. A number of previous research studies focused on the impacts and importance of construction productivity [3,[7][8][9]. ...
Field productivity of building trades is the focus of prefabricated construction practitioners as a path to greater profitability and competitiveness in the marketplace. Construction firms are struggling to meet the demand of the marketplace due to shortages of skilled workers and flat to declining productivity. Human capital and productivity challenges are affecting the ability to both acquire new work and complete the work under contract. This study focuses on the development of an innovative model that defines a process for the design, project site preconstruction planning phase, and fabrication of interior prefabricated wall components that improves onsite productivity. The developed model was tested and implemented in a case study of a single project comprised of four identical buildings located on a singular jobsite while utilizing both traditional and model approaches. The results verify that the productivity model developed in this study is capable of reducing on-site labor hours and, therefore, improving field productivity compared to traditional methods. The application of the model saved between 7–23% man-hours compared to the traditional methods and beat the estimate by 17%. Practitioners and researchers are both incentivized to explore, develop, and implement novel methodologies to address the human capital shortage that is facing the construction industry.
... Management assistance for BIM users within enterprises might result in increased BIM adoption. Training is critical for achieving a sufficient level of BIM implementation (Ahmed et al., 2014;Amuda-Yusuf, 2018). Numerous training programs and seminars are currently being held around the world. ...
... The BIM model can facilitate design to improve efficiency and reduce rework, thereby saving time and costs. Additionally, as indicated in Table 1, other important factors influencing BIM adoption include hardware costs, employee training costs, and financial benefits (Abubakar et al., 2014;Ahmed et al., 2014;Eadie et al., 2014;Enshassi et al., 2019). ...
... Legal factors involve issues related to standards, contracts, insurance, intellectual property rights, and disputes that affect the adoption of technologies. Many studies have highlighted the importance and development of BIM standards and guidelines for the adoption of BIM (Ahmed et al., 2014;Chan, 2014;Stanley and Thurnell, 2014;Sholeh et al., 2020). The growth of BIM development has been accompanied by the development of a number of standards, such as the Australian and New Zealand Revit Standards, and the US National BIM Standard. ...
Purpose
This study aims to identify the enabling factors for Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption in Vietnamese construction enterprises and uncover their interrelationships. This will help stakeholders focus on controlling and allocating resources (time, personnel, and costs) appropriately to adopt BIM and differentiate themselves from fierce competition in the architectural, engineering, construction and operations (AECO) industry.
Design/methodology/approach
This study first identifies and evaluates 32 enabling factors for applying BIM in the Vietnamese construction industry according to the TOE extended framework. Afterwards, a hybrid questionnaire survey using a convenient sampling method is conducted to capture stakeholders' views. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique are then applied to identify the constructs of the enabling factors and their interrelationships.
Findings
The study extracts six constructs that could have a significant impact on the adoption of BIM in construction enterprises, namely: technical feasibility (TF), human resources and management (HRM), company business vision (CBV), political environment (PE), economic viability (EV), and legal aspects (LA). Based on eleven proposed hypotheses, the analysis results confirm nine hypotheses and show that the HRM, TF, and CBV have the strongest effects on managers in evaluating the factors for BIM.
Originality/value
The results of the study fill the gap in knowledge by discovering the interrelationships among the enabling factors for BIM adoption in construction enterprises. The results might support the construction enterprises and their stakeholders in increasing the application of BIM, and digital transformation in construction industry.
... Management assistance for BIM users within enterprises might result in increased BIM adoption. Training is critical for achieving a sufficient level of BIM implementation (Ahmed et al., 2014;Amuda-Yusuf, 2018). Numerous training programs and seminars are currently being held around the world. ...
... The BIM model can facilitate design to improve efficiency and reduce rework, thereby saving time and costs. Additionally, as indicated in Table 1, other important factors influencing BIM adoption include hardware costs, employee training costs, and financial benefits (Abubakar et al., 2014;Ahmed et al., 2014;Eadie et al., 2014;Enshassi et al., 2019). ...
... Legal factors involve issues related to standards, contracts, insurance, intellectual property rights, and disputes that affect the adoption of technologies. Many studies have highlighted the importance and development of BIM standards and guidelines for the adoption of BIM (Ahmed et al., 2014;Chan, 2014;Stanley and Thurnell, 2014;Sholeh et al., 2020). The growth of BIM development has been accompanied by the development of a number of standards, such as the Australian and New Zealand Revit Standards, and the US National BIM Standard. ...
Purpose
This study aims to identify the enabling factors for Building Information Modeling (BIM) adoption in Vietnamese construction enterprises and uncover their interrelationships. This will help stakeholders focus on controlling and allocating resources (time, personnel, and costs) appropriately to adopt BIM and differentiate themselves from fierce competition in the architectural, engineering, construction and operations (AECO) industry.
Design/methodology/approach
This study first identifies and evaluates 32 enabling factors for applying BIM in the Vietnamese construction industry according to the TOE extended framework. Afterwards, a hybrid questionnaire survey using a convenient sampling method is conducted to capture stakeholders' views. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique are then applied to identify the constructs of the enabling factors and their interrelationships.
Findings
The study extracts six constructs that could have a significant impact on the adoption of BIM in construction enterprises, namely: technical feasibility (TF), human resources and management (HRM), company business vision (CBV), political environment (PE), economic viability (EV), and legal aspects (LA). Based on eleven proposed hypotheses, the analysis results confirm nine hypotheses and show that the HRM, TF, and CBV have the strongest effects on managers in evaluating the factors for BIM.
Originality/value
The results of the study fill the gap in knowledge by discovering the interrelationships among the enabling factors for BIM adoption in construction enterprises. The results might support the construction enterprises and their stakeholders in increasing the application of BIM, and digital transformation in construction industry.
... Regarding challenges, drawbacks, and barriers of BIM, one may mention complexity of BIM models, and BIM implementation lack of contractual requirement (Ahmed et al., 2014), lack of demand from contractors' side, lack of BIM awareness, contractors' lack of demand, lack of awareness to BIM benefits (Gerges et al., 2017), doubt on return of investment and lack of standardized tools and protocols, also; lack of BIM specialists and experts (McAuley et al., 2017), interoperability between software programs and issues in data ownership, inadequate BIM usage training (Park and KIM, 2017), lack of awareness to BIM benefits (Latiffi et al., 2016), client lack of interest, also; resistance to change construction culture (Sahil, 2016), top management lack of support, also, resistance to change construction culture (Ganah and John, 2015), high cost (Ismail et al., 2017), lack of sub-contractor's interest to use BIM (Hosseini et al., 2016), insufficient government support (Enshassi et al., 2016). Further, Okakpu et al. (2020) and Khoshfetrat et al. (2020) examined the challenges of BIM in terms of risk factors for implementation. ...
Literature discussion on BIM benefits and barriers for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises is lacking. Testing the independence of statistic for nominal variables as such requires application of statistical techniques including Fisher's Exact Test, and Factor Analysis. The nominal variables were tested across 14 variables as operational definitions for benefits, and six variables were selected as operational definitions for concept of barriers. After factor analysis, four components related to benefits and two for barriers showed the highest significant association. The four benefits factors influencing digitalization are operation, marketability, productivity, and information-exchange. The two barriers are lack of professionalism and know-how.
... When buy-in is successfully achieved, employees trust that the management's decision will benefit the firm as a whole, thus will align their intentions to ensure the successful implementation of the desired change (Chrusciel and Field, 2006). A few studies have found that lack of buy-in by employees to be a barrier to successful BIM implementation (Ahmed et al., 2014;Ganah and John, 2014). Thus, buy-in is predicted as an important success factor for BIM implementation. ...
Purpose
This paper aimed to identify critical success factors (CSFs) of building information modeling (BIM) implementation among architectural, engineering and construction (AEC) firms in Malaysia using quantitative statistical methods.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey was conducted on the population of all AEC firms in Malaysia to rank the relative importance of 15 success factors (SFs) for BIM implementation in the firm on a 5-point Likert scale. The sampling frame consisted of all members registered with the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) from which 184 responses were received. The distinction between SFs and CSFs was achieved by a normalized mean cutoff value. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the relative groupings of the CSFs and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to examine the underlying relationships between the CSF groupings.
Findings
Results of this study validated 11 previously identified CSFs for successful implementation of BIM among Malaysian AEC firms. Non-technical factors such as management, leadership and coordination were found to have higher relevance compared to technical factors such as software and hardware. Ranking analysis of the CSFs found internal coordination factors to have more importance compared to external coordination factors. PCA revealed 4 principal components (PCs) from the 11 CSFs. Together, these four PCs explain 74.3% of the variance in the data. Also, six hypothesized relationships between these groupings were supported using PLS-SEM.
Research limitations/implications
This study found an interaction between internal and external coordination factors for the implementation of BIM. Future research could explore the dynamics of both intra- and inter-firm coordination, which may create an environment suitable for BIM implementation.
Practical implications
This study provides Malaysian AEC firms with a general strategy on how to approach the implementation of BIM within the firm. In addition, government initiatives should focus on increasing BIM competency of graduates entering the workforce. This can be achieved through the development of a national BIM curriculum. Apart from that, the implementation of BIM requires a radical shift in the traditional building delivery process, not just simply acquiring new software and hardware.
Originality/value
This study revealed that the interactions between different firms at the industry level can influence successful implementation of BIM at the firm level. CSFs for BIM implementation at the firm level have been extensively studied. However, few studies exist which explore the inter-firm collaborations at the industry level that facilitate successful BIM implementation.
... The return on investment of utilising BIM is a complex area and it is difficult to derive an exact metric (Azhar, 2011). The lack of a definitive return on investment has been identified as a key barrier to the uptake of BIM whilst Ahmed et al. (2014) noted that specifically a lack of real world understanding of ROI of 4D was also hampering the uptake. Ghaffarianhoseini et al. (2017) noted the benefit of BIM in reducing schedule based delays in construction, the study proposed that much further work was needed to actually derive an exact ROI. ...
The increasing application of BIM processes and technologies has facilitated an increase in the use of 4D (3D+Time) simulations of construction projects. Previous research has acknowledged the benefit of 4D models in the project planning and construction phases enhancing communication between construction teams and avoiding unforeseen conflicts during the build process. The development of BIM has spurred a deeper understanding of the issues surrounding Level of Development, Level of Information (LOI) and Level of Detail (LOD) pertaining to the graphical detail and non-graphical information of the static geometric design model. However, to date there is limited research thoroughly investigating the issue of LOD within 4D applications. This work presents an ongoing study to derive a framework for the development of more dynamic 4D simulations incorporating discrete forms of LOD. Level of graphical detail (LODg) corresponds to the graphical detail of the model geometry and also the ‘granularity’ of the geometry required for dynamic 4D production, whilst the temporal level of detail (LODti) relates to time period required between state changes in the model during the simulation. In order to support the development of the framework, an industry-based survey was conducted to assess the application of 4D, subsequent issues and use cases around levels of graphical and temporal details to improve dynamic 4D simulations. The work concludes with the development of a framework and schematic to support the specification of the LOD of a 4D simulation (LOD4d) throughout the various phases of a construction project.
... There are many challenges and barriers to adoption of BIM technology in the construction firms. The most common challenges to adopting BIM technology within construction firms identified by some researchers such as [4,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. One of the biggest problems that counter of construction firms, is the difficulty in correct visualize to the construction planning in workspaces through creating complex schedules and difficult in the interpretation [15]. ...
The construction industry in Iraq became much more difficult
than before because of complexities in the diagrams and documentations in
the construction projects. Building information modeling (BIM) started to
appear with entry the foreign companies to build the large projects in Iraq.
It is a bode well technique for the construction industry, it has many
benefits in all project phases from planning and scheduling to operation
and demolition phase. This paper concentrated on the implementation of
BIM technology and identify the benefits desired and challenges that
reduce adoption this technique in the Iraqi construction industry. A
qualitative approach has been used to collect data from two experts in the
construction field in Iraq to show the factors affected on using BIM in the
Iraqi construction firms. The results indicate to a rare implementation of
BIM technology among construction professionals in Iraq. The study
recommended encouraging the investment in the Iraqi construction markets
to share the knowledge and experiences related to BIM technology
between the construction professionals.
... Clash detection Forgues et al. (2012), Tsai et al. (2014), Shang and Shen (2014), Shan and Goodrum (2014) and Rogers et al. (2015) Simulation Won et al. (2013), Tsai et al. (2014), Bradley et al. (2016), Ramilo and Embi (2014) and Guo et al. (2014) Cost Ahmed et al. (2014), , Tsai et al. (2010), Sriprasert and Dawood (2002) and Koo and Fischer (2000) Time Tsai et al. (2014), , Dawood and Sikka (2009), and Castronovo et al. (2014) Skill and knowledge , Ahmed et al. (2014), Sriprasert and Dawood (2002), Moon et al. (2014) and Khatib et al. (2007) Training of staff ...
... Clash detection Forgues et al. (2012), Tsai et al. (2014), Shang and Shen (2014), Shan and Goodrum (2014) and Rogers et al. (2015) Simulation Won et al. (2013), Tsai et al. (2014), Bradley et al. (2016), Ramilo and Embi (2014) and Guo et al. (2014) Cost Ahmed et al. (2014), , Tsai et al. (2010), Sriprasert and Dawood (2002) and Koo and Fischer (2000) Time Tsai et al. (2014), , Dawood and Sikka (2009), and Castronovo et al. (2014) Skill and knowledge , Ahmed et al. (2014), Sriprasert and Dawood (2002), Moon et al. (2014) and Khatib et al. (2007) Training of staff ...
... Software Boton et al. (2015), Ramilo and Embi (2014), Ahmed et al. (2014) and ...
Building information modelling (BIM) is a new technique, which has been innovated from the traditional method to a modern form. BIM should be classified as a modern technique, since it is dealing with digital data. 3D BIM with its time schedule results on 4D/BIM is represented by softwares, such as Naviswork and Syncro, which has an advantage to solve most of the project issues such as clash detection among projects components, visualisation to projects tasks, and other benefits. The aim of this current study is to find out the benefits and challenges of 4D/BIM implementation in the construction projects. The data collection method in this research is done by conducting semi-structured interviews (SSIs) with the senior civil engineer in Al-Najaf hospital project in Iraq, in addition to that there is the extensive literature review about the benefits, challenges and obstacles in the implementation of 4D/BIM.
