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How should the performance of a manufacturing company be assessed, relative to firms making similar products, at home and abroad? This paper shows how company-level productivity measures can be developed from public financial data to provide a more comprehensive gauge of firm performance than profit rates alone. As a specific example, we focus on t...
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We study steady state optimal taxation in a context where firms differ in productivity and they decide whether to produce or not after comparing after-tax profits vis-à-vis an outside alternative option. The government taxes capital income, firms’ profits and labor income, but does not tax the alternative outside option. In this context, taxation m...
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... For the current study, the empirical model has now been converted into the following form: In the above equation (2), Prod represents labor productivity as an explained variable measured by the value-added divided by the number of employees at the industry level. It has been used as a measure in various studies such as (Kang, Jea Yu, and Lee 2016;Lieberman and Kang 2008;Taewon et al. 2022;Borowiecki et al. 2021;C. Yang 2003;Yu and Park 2006) as it reflects the gains in average labor productivity (AKKUŞ 2014). ...
... Labour productivity is considered as one of the productivity indicators in the economies. According to Lieberman and Kang (2008), labour productivity, which is the most common indicator for measuring the productivity, is the output corresponding to input obtained from the workforce or is defined as added value per each hour worked. Since 20 th century, the work of Mankiw, Romer and Weil (1992) concluded that capital accumulation differences explain most of the variation of labour productivity across countries. ...
A multi-threaded and simultaneous way of working and solving tasks is one of the challenges of modern management. Multitasking shapes the need for employees to have new skills, competences and a change in mentality, as well as to introduce a management system that will increase the efficiency of employees' activities. Skilful coping with multitasking contributes to a more harmonious and balanced functioning of the organization. The problem of multitasking is usually analysed in the context of private enterprises, whose flexibility and capabilities are much greater than in the case of public organizations. Therefore, the purpose of the publication is to diagnose the phenomenon of multitasking among administrative employees of state universities in Poland (on the example of the city of Lodz). Three following hypotheses arise from the adopted main objective:
• Hypothesis 1: Multitasking is a tool that modifies the intensity and quality of tasks
performed by the employees.
• Hypothesis 2: Multitasking is determined by the variety of employee attributes and tasks.
• Hypothesis 3: Employees are aware that multitasking changes the efficiency of their tasks.
Verification of a specific research hypothesis as well as inference in the context of the set goal
determines the use of appropriate research methods and techniques in both qualitative and
quantitative research. Empirical material was obtained using the questionnaire tool by the
means of the CAWI technique and direct observation and desk research were used for
qualitative research. The theoretical part of the article was based on the qualitative method,
i.e. a review of the literature on the subject. Initial studies were conducted at the Faculty of
Economics and Sociology of the University of Lodz. They are of pilot character and test the tool used. Subsequently, nationwide research is planned to be carried out at all state universities in Poland.
Keywords: competences, multitasking, public organization
... In this equation, labor productivity (Y it /L it ) is the dependent variable and is used as a proxy for economic growth. Labor productivity is the most famous measure for productivity due to its computational simplicity, and it also "provides an indicator of a nation's real income per capita, or average economic welfare" [67]; p. 214). In this paper, both the dependent and independent variables are logged, which, according to Wooldridge [68]; allows for a direct interpretation of the coefficients as percentage change. ...
This paper examines the relationship between entrepreneurship and productivity for the 27 EU member countries using panel data. Given the critical role that digitalization plays in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, the model was re-estimated using the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and its subcomponents as instruments for entrepreneurship. The results show a significant positive relationship between entrepreneurship and productivity, as well as a positive relation between digitalization and entrepreneurship. Moreover, all components of the DESI index except for Human Capital also demonstrate a positive relationship with entrepreneurship. These results provide policymakers with a digital agenda to stimulate entrepreneurship as an engine of productivity and growth and shed light on the importance of empirically evaluating entrepreneurship in the light of digitalization.
... It is estimated as the rate of output to input (Owyong, 2001). The most common indicator to measure productivity is Labor productivity, which corresponds to feedback acquired from the labour force or determined as the value-added per hour worked (Lieberman & Kang, 2008). Factors of labour productivity are divided into human capital, technological change, and economies of scale that reduce manufacturing costs. ...
Labour productivity is linked to improved living standards of a country, where higher productivity is usually seen as a competitive advantage for the country. The current study aims to identify the influence of investment, trade, and innovation on labour productivity using multi-regression. The sample involved four countries: the United States, Russia, Japan, and China. The results reveal varying degrees of relationships between labour productivity and other variables. In general, investment showed a strong correlation, trade showed a weaker relationship, and innovation showed insignificant relationship. When needed, the policymakers may consider raising labour productivity by improving investment or trade.
... There are two main categorizations of productivity measurement. Those are single factor productivity measure or partial productivity measure (total output per unit of single input type) and multifactor productivity measure or total factor productivity measure (total output to a multiple of input) (Lieberman & Kang, 2008). ...
For flourishing industries to be productive by exceeding customer expectations with limited resource utilization is challenging. Optimizing a process is one of the methods to face the challenges the most dares are reducing productivity, higher lead time, occurring non-value-adding activities. Here, value stream mapping plays important role in enhancing the process efficiency by identifying wastes, value-adding, and non-value-adding activities on the process then proposing improvement ideas for the wastes therefore the value-adding activities are tied up by standard. The study was conducted in Zeman Shoe Factory by selecting a major product of the company. Primary and Secondary data collection are used for the methodology to conduct the study. The major factors for the company to have low productivity which is labour productivity is below 3 pair/ person/day, Also found wastes: waste of waiting(5026.8 sec), rework(4932 sec), waste of transportation(411.2meter), waste of inventory is (Average WIP 48), higher change over time(4755 sec), and waste of motion(46%). Cycle time and lead time is reduced from 16488.1sec to 3963sec and 9.68 days to 1.5 days. In the future state map by eliminating these factors and build the capacity of workers and use standard operational procedures. Standard Operational Procedure is prepared for the optimized cycle time by adding allowances specified by the international labour organization. For men, the constant allowances, are 5% for the personal need allowance, 4% for basic fatigue allowance, and for women, 7% personal need allowance, and 4% basic fatigue allowance. The result has shown that the occurrence of wastes can affect the cycle time and also lead time of a process. And if these problems are resolved a firm’s productivity can be greater which 4.2 pairs/person/day.
Key words: Wastes, Value stream mapping, Standard Operational procedure
... Labour is one of the most important production factors because the qualifications and loyalty of the labour force are the basic success elements in any industrial sector (Neykov et al. 2017). The labour productivity, as the most common indicator for measuring the productivity, is the output corresponding to the workforce-generated input (Lieberman and Kang 2008). The labour productivity affects the cost, profitability, and competitiveness of products (Bozsik and Magda 2018). ...
Labour productivity is one of the key factors determining the wood-based industry development and competitiveness. This study assessed the importance of human resources and labour productivity in the furniture sector in the European Union (EU) countries. A cluster analysis and multivariate linear ordering analysis were conducted. The EU15, especially Germany, Denmark, and United Kingdom, demonstrate a higher labour productivity and offer even four-fold higher wages to the employees than some EU13 countries. It results in a relatively high share of labour costs in the production. However, in some countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the importance of furniture production for the national economy and the job market was high. To maintain the sustainable development of the EU market, decreasing the regional differences is essential. Additionally, the existing competitive advantage of selected EU13 countries resulting from relatively low labour costs can be insufficient to maintain the current rate of production growth and furniture exports. The results of the study provide a precious source of information for entrepreneurs, managers, and government. They will help the production enterprises identify the areas to be made more efficient by taking important decisions to enhance competitiveness and design the future path of sustainable furniture sector development.
... Many studies including those of Kathuria (1987), Narayanan (1998), Narayanan (2001), Piplai (2001), Richet, Ruet (2008), Lieberman and Kang (2008), Ranawat and Tiwari (2009), Chaudhuri, Koudal and Seshadri (2010), Nag (2011) and Bhasker (2013) have found a positive relationship between capital productivity and growth of the automobile industry in India. However, most of these studies had been carried out over shorter durations of time and reflected the shortterm productivity of capital. ...
The paper attempts to identify the most influencing factors determining automobile
industry growth in India. The paper takes into account a 19-year time period from
1998 to 2016 for 12 firms belonging to the automobile industry in India. The SCP
model is used as a framework for examining the performance of the automobile
industry. Unlike, the previous studies that are mostly time-series or cross-sectional
analysis, the present study employs panel data analysis to measure the impact of
selected determinants on automobile industry growth. The paper finds that labour
and capital productivity, promotional measures, import intensity, fixed asset
turnover, net profit margin and age of the firm as significant determinants of
automobile industry growth in India. Further, the findings help to justify the impact
of industrial policies on the growth of the industry during this time.
... But with connection to the employee productivity spectrum, the term is not so easily defined. The definition that states that the concept refers to the added value per hour of work is one with the most consensus in the literature (Bartelsman & Doms, 2000;Lieberman & Kang, 2008). But, however, with regards to the prevalent managerial literature, employee productivity consists of two main determinants; namely; labor productivity and broader economic productivity (Walters, 2010;Črešnar & Nedelko, 2017). ...
The main purpose of this chapter is to consider how can the millennials' personal values impact employee productivity in the future organizational environment of Industry 4.0. In the modern business environment, major changes are happening in many fronts. On one hand, we have the phenomenon of digitalization and Industry 4.0, and on another hand, we see that the millennials are rapidly taking over important roles and positions in those organizations that are impacted by digitalization. If we consider the notion that the new industrial revolution behind Industry 4.0 will be based on major improvements in productivity due to the mediating effect of a technological revolution, then the role of employee productivity or better say the millennials' productivity will be paramount. This chapter shows that based on deep analysis of millennials' personal values worldwide, the millennials hold prominent personal values, which correspond well with Industry 4.0 readiness and competency models, meaning that they can significantly impact the productivity of an organization.
... An activity is said to be efficient if the activities have reached the target (output) to sacrifice (input), the lowest, so no waste. Efficiency is the ratio of the value added generated an industry with the inputs used in the form of labor, raw materials, capital, and others (Lieberman & Kang, 2008). Efficiency cannot be separated from the allocation of inputs in the production. ...
This study investigates the efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia. The data used in this study are secondary data from 2000-2015 obtained from Badan Pusat Statistik. The method of study is the quantitative approach to use the Stochastic Frontier Approach. The finding results indicated that the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia during 2000-2015 technically it has not optimal efficiencies, see from the result of reached an amount of 0.96455986. The capital variable has negative and significant effect on the output produced by the producer in the pharmaceutical industry, while the labor variable has positive and significant effect on the output produced. Limited human resources professionals will make the development of innovations to make the pharmaceutical industry as a priority industry in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 will be inhibited so that the pharmaceutical industry was not achieving optimal efficiency.
... Due to the uneven distribution of resources, a domestic firm might seek the set of advantages for better development in a foreign country (Dunning, 2000). Lieberman & Kang (2008) argue that one such comprehensive indicator of the firm's performance is productivity. ...
