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LAE effect on tumor metastasis in xenograft model. a Flowchart of animal experiments. MDA-MB-231 (5 × 10⁷) were subcutaneously injected in the right flank of mice. After 1 week of injection, the tumor bearing mice were randomly subdivided into 2 groups: Control; 0.5% LAE. b Growth curves of body weight in xenograft model. c Upper panel: Representative tumors and weight of tumors. Lower panel: Growth curves of tumor volume in xenograft model. d The numbers and weights of new metastatic tumors derived from the primary tumor. e p-SMAD3 and p-Erk1/2 proteins levels were examined by immunoblotting in lung and liver tissues (xenograft model)
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Background
Patients with estrogen receptor negative (ER⁻) breast cancer have poor prognosis due to high rates of metastasis. However, there is no effective treatment and drugs for ER⁻ breast cancer metastasis. Our purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lotus leaf alcohol extract (LAE) on the cell migration and metastasis of ER⁻ breast...
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Citations
... Nuciferine (Nuci), an aporphine alkaloid isolated from Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has been widely used in both daily diet and traditional Chinese medicine [1]. It has been clinically used for hemorrhage and postpartum blood halo according to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and also reported with the properties of anti-obesity, anti-oxidation, antihyperglycemia, anti-bacteria, anti-tumor, and anti-cerebral ischemia in experimental models [2]. ...
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose still poses a major clinical challenge and is a leading cause of acute liver injury (ALI). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the only approved antidote to treat APAP toxicity while NAC therapy can trigger side effects including severe vomiting and even shock. Thus, new insights in developing novel therapeutic drugs may pave the way for better treatment of APAP poisoning. Previous research has reported that nuciferine (Nuci) possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Therefore, the objective of this study was proposed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of Nuci and explore its underlying mechanisms. Mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered with APAP (300 mg/kg) and subsequently injected with Nuci (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) at 30 min after APAP overdose. Then, all mice were sacrificed at 12 h after APAP challenge for further analysis. Nuci-treated mice did not show any side effects and our results revealed that treating Nuci significantly attenuated APAP-induced ALI, as confirmed by histopathological examinations, biochemical analysis, and diminished hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation. The in silico prediction and mRNA-sequencing analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of Nuci. GO and KEGG enrichment of the predicted target proteins of Nuci includes reactive oxygen species, drug metabolism of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, and autophagy. Furthermore, the mRNA-sequencing analyses indicated that Nuci can regulate glutathione metabolic processes and anti-inflammatory responses. Consistently, we found that Nuci increased the hepatic glutathione restoration but decreased APAP protein adducts in damaged livers. Western blot analysis further confirmed that Nuci effectively promoted hepatic autophagy in APAP-treated mice. However, Nuci could not affect the expression levels of the main CYP450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2E1, and CYP3A11). These results demonstrated that Nuci may be a potential therapeutic drug for APAP-induced ALI via amelioration of the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, regulation of APAP metabolism, and activation of autophagy.
Mexican tea ( Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants ) is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids and could be a potential medicinal herb that can be used for prevention of human hepatocellular carcinoma. The objective of this study was to elaborate the possible mechanism for the prevention or treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma using Mexican tea, and to provide new avenues for the utilization of the invasive plant. In this study, the D. ambrosioides seed extracts (CSE) were analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and the effects of CSE on proliferation, migration, invasion, and gene expression of SMMC‐7721 cells were investigated. Eight compounds were identified in CSE, and the compound with the highest content was ascaridole (25.82%). The proliferation was significantly inhibited by CSE ( p < 0.05), and IC 50 values were 0.587 g/L, 0.360 g/L, and 0.361 g/L at 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h, respectively. Migration and invasion were significantly inhibited ( p < 0.05). The network pharmacology and transcriptome analysis indicated that Bicyclo[3.1.1]heptan‐3‐one, 2‐hydroxy‐2,6,6‐trimethyl‐, cis‐11‐Eicosenoic acid and 2‐Ethylcyclohexanone might be the active compounds. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the Wnt signaling pathway, which is related to migration and invasion, was significantly altered; this was verified by western blot assay. The expression of w nt11 , lef1 and mmp7 genes in SMMC‐7721 cells was significantly down‐regulated ( p < 0.05), while gsk‐3β was significantly up‐regulated ( p < 0.05). These results indicate that CSE inhibits the invasion and migration of SMMC‐7721 cells in hepatocellular carcinoma through the Wnt signaling pathway.
Lotus leaf (Heye), the dry foliage of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has been valuable as a dietary herbal medicine for thousands of years. Phytochemical studies indicated that alkaloids and flavonoids are the main components of Heye. Polysaccharides, terpenes, and amino acids are also active ingredients. The drug properties of Heye are mild and bitter. Meridian tropism is mainly distributed in the liver, spleen, and stomach meridian. In the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theoretical system, it is in many formulas for the therapy of various symptoms, including wasting-thirst induced by summer heat, diarrhea caused by summer heat-dampness and spleen deficiency, hematochezia, flooding and spotting, among others. Nowadays, the extracts and active components of Heye demonstrate multiple bioactivities, for instance anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular protective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antiviral, antimicrobial, as well as hemostatic activities. This review will provide an overview of Heye serving as a typical plant with functions of both medicine and food, including its practical applications in terms of TCM and healthy diet, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, together with its toxicity. Besides, the new points and prospects of Heye in the overview are also outlined straightforwardly.
