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Early manifestation of skin damage from acute UV-B exposure is erythema. Previous studies showed that antioxidants are necessary for inhibiting the process of skin damage due to UV radiation through antioxidant properties and inflammation inhibition. Purple Cabbage which plants in Tabanan, Bali, Indonesia was known to have high concentration of ant...
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... Anatomical pathology observations were carried out on the treated skin areas, carried out at 24, 48, and 72-hours after the exposure period for the appearance of irritation symptoms such as erythema and edema. Scoring uses an arbitrary scale (Krismayogi et al., 2018), i.e., (0) no erythema, (1) very little erythema (diameter < 25 mm), (2) clearly visible erythema (diameter 2530 mm), (3) moderate erythema (diameter 3035 mm), (4) severe erythema (diameter > 35 mm). (0) Lightly edema, (1) very light edema, (2) slight edema (clear edges and enlargement), (3) moderate edema (thickness ± 1 mm), (4) severe edema (thickness >1 mm). ...
Hibiscus is a plant that has been shown to contain substances that may be used as sunscreen to protect the skin from UV radiation. In terms of their potential as sunscreens, flavonoids, tannins, and quinone chemicals are crucial because they are antioxidants that can reduce the negative effects of UV radiation and boost photoprotective activity. This study aimed to investigate the acute dermal toxicity potential of hibiscus leaves simplicial ointment 40% on female albino rats. The evaluation method refered to The OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals – No. Test: 402, Acute Dermal Toxicity-Fixed Doses Procedure. Based on the Globally Harmonized System compared to this study reported that acute dermal median lethal dose (LD50) was > 2000 mg/kg. It can be concluded that hibiscus leaves simplicial ointment 40% has safe to apply topically and doesn't produce acute skin toxicity.
... Tissue damage caused by ROS is dubbed as oxidative damage and the factors which can prevent this are referred to as anti-oxidant. 6,10 Carbon tetrachloride is well absorbed in the digestive tract and respiratory tract of humans and animals. In liquid form, carbon tetrachloride can be absorbed via the skin, but in vapor form, its dermatological absorption is slow. ...
Background: Liver can be damaged by various factors, including the oxidative stress mechanism. This damage can be inhibited by the application of anti-oxidant. The Annona muricata L. leaf is known to have antioxidant properties. This study aimed to explore the effect of Annona muricata L. leaf extract against hepatitis in rats.
Methods: An experimental study was performed on 25 male Wistar rats that were given Annona muricata L. leaf ethanol extract at 200 mg/kgBW, 400 mg/kgBW, and 600 mg/kgBW for eight days. The CCl4 was administrated on the eighth day and the rats were laparotomized on the next day. The average number of normal hepatocytes was counted in one field of view. This study was conducted at the laboratory of Pharmacology and Therapy of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran in September–October 2012.
Results: The negative control group showed an intact cell membrane, homogenous cytoplasm, and round nucleus, whereas the positive control group showed necrosis marked by a ruptured cell membrane, vacuolated cytoplasm, and degenerated nucleus. The average number of normal hepatocytes counted in the negative control and the positive group was 404.91±34.09 cells and 23.16±7.84 cells, respectively. In the treatment group, the normal hepatocytes were 95.91±20.96 cells (200 mg/kgBW), 74.53±13.59 cells (400 mg/kgBW) and 46.84±8.46 cells (600 mg/kgBW). Statistically significant inhibition was observed (p
... fat degeneration, causing the cell to die or necrosis (Bagus and Winaya, 2011). The hepatic damage process may be prevented with antioxidant (Linawati, 2018). Propolis is a substance containing various antioxidant thought to be able to suppress free radicals (Maulina, 2015). ...
Introduction:Liver exposure to toxic substances will disrupt the metabolic system. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a hepatotoxic substance causing a liver damage. Continuous multi-stage countercurrent extraction(CMCE) propolis extract contains active balsamic substances, caffeic acid, phenethyl esters and flavonoids.
Objective: to prove the effect of CMCE propolis extract on IL-1 levels and the hepatocyte histopathology findingsof male wistar rats’induced by CCl4.
Methods:In the posttest only control group design, the total sample of 28 rats was divided into 4 groups: positive control group (K-0; standard feed); group P-1 (propolis3.6 mg/200 g); P-2 (propolis7.2mg/200gr and P-3 (propolis14.4mg/200g) were respectively given for 14 days,yet those on the 14thday were given CCl4. The IL-1 level was measured with the ELISA method, while the male wistar rats’hepatocyte histopathology findings was determined by the HE staining methods. IL-1 levelswere analyzed usingOne Way Anova test,followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. Hepatic cell histopathology was analyzed usingKruskal Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney U.
Results:Post Hoc LSD analysis shows that the levels of IL-1 in P-1 (983.54 ±19.67), P-2 (841.58±19.47), and P-3 (755.50±31.63) are significantlylower thanthosein K-0 (1131.69±14.91) withp
... ROS menyebabkan apoptosis sel secara langsung melalui aktivasi NF-kB. 13,15 Pada kelompok plasebo, pemberian ekstrak etanol ubi jalar ungu 1 ml, dan 2 ml didapatkan sinusoid yang tidak beraturan sampai dengan melebar, ini dikarenakan degenerasi lemak sel hati dapat menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan susunan sel sehingga sel tidak mampu kembali kekeadaan semula dan menyebabkan sinusoid yang melebar. 16 Tidak beraturnya letak sinusoid kemungkinan juga disebabkan oleh terjadinya peroksidasi lipid dan stres oksidatif yang kemudian meningkatkan produksi hidroksineonal (HNE) dan malondialdehid (MDA) yang meningkatkan fibrosis hati melalui aktivasi oleh sel stelata yang menyebabkan peningkatan produksi transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ). ...
Menopause didefinisikan sebagai 1 tahun tanpa menstruasi. Wanita menopause kemungkinan berisiko mengalami Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD). Efek menguntungkan dari antosianin telah dibuktikan dalam penelitian hewan,sehubungan dengan stres oksidatif dan steatosis hati. Ubi jalar ungu mengandung antosianin yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan sampel tikus yang sudah di ovariektomi, kemudian diberikan ekstrak etanol ubi jalar ungu pada tikus secara oral selama 30 hari. Pada hari pertama dilakukan randomisasi dibagi menjadi empat kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (P0), kelompok perlakuan pemberian ekstrak etanol ubi jalar ungu dosis 1ml (P1), dosis 2 ml (P2), dan dosis 4ml (P3). Pada hari ke-31 dilakukan terminasi untuk di ambil jaringan hati dan pembuatan preparat histologi, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan pada preparat dengan pembesaran 10x10 pada 2 lapang pandang. Dari 28 sampel hati tikus yang diperiksa, didapatkan semua sel hati tikus mengalami degenerasi lemak atau steatosis sebanyak >5% yang merupakan kunci dari penyakit hati berlemak nonalkohol (NAFLD), namun jumlahnya berbeda-beda. Rerata perlemakan kelompok kontrol negatif didapatkan hasil perlemakan paling tinggi yaitu 49,1%, kelompok perlakuan pemberian dosis 1ml, 2ml, dan 4ml didapatkan hasil 39,48%, 31,62%, dan 29,14%. Setelah diuji secara statistik didapatkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol ubi jalar ungu.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberianekstrak etanol ubi jalar ungu selama 30 hari dapat menurunkan degenerasi lemak pada hati tikus yang mengalami penyakit hati berlemak nonalkohol (NAFLD). Kata Kunci: Ekstrak etanol ubi jalar ungu, menopause, fatty liver
Melanin is a pigment contains in human skin which role as a UV-absorbing agent. One of the exogenous melanins can be obtained from squid (Loligo sp.) ink. Squid ink melanin has potent free radical protection activities. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical, stability, antioxidant, and UV protection activities of squid ink powder lotions. Squid ink powders were obtained from the drying process using HCl 0.5M and stored in the climatic chamber. Antioxidant activity was conducted quantitatively using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) scavenging method. The best result of the DPPH scavenging activity was 29.12±0.023%, shown from formula III. UV protection activity was conducted by observing erythema scores in animal skin, which exposure to UV. This preparation inhibits the effect of UV exposure. Squid ink powder lotions are potential as a sunscreen product.
Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used to treat non melanoma skin cancers. It consists of topically applying on the skin lesions a cream containing a prodrug (5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or methyl aminolevulinate (MAL)) that is then metabolized to the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). Light irradiation at PpIX excitation wavelength combined with oxygen then lead to a photochemical reaction inducing cell death. Nevertheless, this conventional PDT treatment is currently restricted to superficial skin lesions since the penetration depth of the prodrug is limited and hampers the production of PpIX in deep seated lesions. To overcome this problem, dissolving microneedles (MNs) included in a square flexible patch were developed. This easy-to-handle MN-patch is composed of 5-ALA mixed with hyaluronic acid (HA) and has the ability to dissolve after skin application. To evaluate the efficiency of this MN-patch in vivo, a skin lesion model has been developed on rats by applying UV-B illuminations. After 40 UV-B illuminations, histological and pharmacokinetic controls confirmed that the rats presented skin lesions. Once the rat skin lesion model has been validated, it was demonstrated that the MNs penetrated into the skin and fully dissolved in one hour on most of the rats. After one hour, the fluorescence images showed that the MN-patch produced a consequent and homogeneous level of PpIX. Overall, the dissolving MN-patch is a recent technology that has interesting features and several preclinical investigations should be led to compare its efficiency to that of the conventional treatment for PDT of non melanoma skin cancers.
