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It has been claimed that in order to decrease the gap between what we know and what we do, research findings must be translated from knowledge to action. Such practices better enable dentists to make evidence-based decisions instead of personal ideas and judgments. To this end, this literature review aims to revisit the concepts of knowledge transl...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... to action is an organic process with defined steps as explained in Fig. 1 ( Graham et al., 2006). In order to decrease the gap between what we know and what we do, research findings need to be translated from knowledge to action, but in a judicious manner . At the center, the ''knowledge creation funnel" suggests that knowledge first needs to be refined in order to be ready for application. The model ...
Context 2
... synthesis is essential to develop knowledge tools, to determine best practice and to establish an evidence-based foundation for proper KT. The types of studies included in a synthesis should be reported in order to establish the credibility and generalizability of the evidence foundation from which the knowledge is intended to be trans- ferred ( Fig. 1). The ensuring steps in the action cycle are found to be surrounding the ''knowledge creation funnel." These steps are derived from planned action theories ( . However, classical implementation theories have been excluded because they are passive and are primarily used to retrospectively understand change (Tetroe, 2007;Graham et al., ...
Citations
... Personal interaction and frequent reinforcements are essential for any knowledge-sharing session aimed at cognitive and psychomotor skillset development [9]. Medical education, in general, and more specifically, dental education, is a learning system that emphasizes on didactic teaching and hands-on practical and clinical teaching. ...
Introduction: Electronic learning (e-learning) has evolved into a popular educational approach since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While this represents an additional model for teaching, traditional classroom learning fosters the development of interpersonal skills and enables students to share and discuss specific topics. However, existing research on the comparison of both these modes of learning in the field of dental education is inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of dental students towards both electronic and classroom learning.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023 among dental students in Saudi Arabia. Students were questioned on their comparative perceptions of e-learning and classroom learning before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Questionnaire responses, including demographic data, were collected and tabulated, using electronic data management software. The tabulated data were analyzed to provide descriptive statistics and compare electronic and classroom learning with demographic variables and previous experience with e-learning.
Results: Most respondents reported possessing average information technology (IT) skills and prior experience with e-learning. Blackboard Learning Management System (LMS) (Reston, VA: Blackboard Inc.), Zoom (San Jose, CA: Zoom Video Communications Inc.), and Microsoft Teams (Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation) were the most commonly used and advantageous e-learning platforms. While the majority of participants found both methods acceptable for problem-based learning sessions and theoretical lectures, they reported e-learning to be less effective than classroom learning for clinical and practical sessions. Regarding e-learning as a preferred method over classroom learning, most responses were "neutral" or "uncertain." Comparing the mean ranks of the ordinal responses for the different teaching methodologies and the nominal responses for e-learning as the preferred method, no statistically significant interactions were observed for demographic characteristics, IT-skill levels, or prior experience with e-learning.
Conclusion: Although enhanced performance and learning capacity are enabled through e-learning, the advantages of personal interactions and the feasibility of practical and clinical dental sessions are achieved only through classroom learning.
... The current scenario regarding the diagnosis and treatment of caries lesions has been supported by the early detection and control of caries disease [1]. Translational research has combined basic and applied areas supporting evidence-based dentistry [2]. This has been especially important in poor regions, where resources are limited, with recent research helping identify best health practices [3]. ...
Objective
To evaluate the influence of non-invasive treatment associated with the use of infiltrating resin for managing caries lesions in primary teeth.
Material and Methods
A systematic review was performed by selecting articles from 6 online databases, using a search algorithm and eligibility criteria for data extraction and data synthesis for the papers included. Clinical trials involving primary teeth with incipient caries lesions (1/2 of the enamel or 1/3 of the outer dentin) were included, presenting full text and answering the study's guiding question. This study used the RoB 2 tool for the risk of bias assessment and GRADE for certainty of evidence. Random effects meta-analyses were implemented, and lesion progression treatment effects were estimated through relative risk (RR) and associated 95% confidence intervals.
Results
A total of 440 studies were found. After analyzing the inclusion criteria and removal of duplicates, eight studies were analyzed for quality evidence. Five of the eight studies included in this review contributed to the meta-analysis, all with some reflections regarding the risk of bias. Overall, the results of the meta-analysis showed that non-invasive treatment, when associated with the use of infiltrating resins, significantly reduced the risk of caries progression in relation to the treatment without this addition for follow-up periods ranging from 12 months to 2 years (RR 0.51 [0.40-0.65]).
Conclusion
There is moderate certainty of evidence that the use of infiltrating resins associated with non-invasive treatments decreases the risk of caries progression in primary teeth with incipient caries lesions (1/2 of the enamel or 1/3 of the dentin outer) when combined with non-invasive control methods alone.
Keywords:
Dental Materials; Fluorides, Topical; Dental Caries; Tooth, Deciduous; Clinical Trial
... These findings may bring some concern about treatment decision-making and indicate an evidence-practice gap among Brazilian dentists. Considering the limited application of evidence-based dentistry due to its complexity [29], identifying and embedding emerging evidence into clinical practice requires a different kind of work [30]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate dental practices and teaching across the country and implement initiatives such as dental PBRN to close the gap between evidence and practice. ...
Little is known about how Brazilian dentists’ treatment decisions for proximal carious lesions are compared to current evidence-based recommendations, so better understanding is needed to close any potential evidence-practice gap.
Objectives
This cross-sectional study aimed to quantify the evidence-practice gap about proximal carious lesions treatment and identify dentist factors associated with this evidence-practice gap.
Methods
Brazilian dentists (n=214) from Araraquara, São Paulo State, “completed a questionnaire about their dentist and practice characteristics and a translated version of the “Assessment of Caries Diagnosis and Caries Treatment” from the U.S. National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Five radiographic images of proximal carious lesions in low-risk and high-risk patient scenarios were used. Associations between treatment recommendations and lesion, dentist, and practice characteristics were tested for statistical significance (p<0.05).
Results
Lesions confined to the enamel would be restored by 35% and 71% of dentists in the low-risk and high-risk patient scenarios, respectively, suggesting a substantial evidence-practice gap given that surgical intervention of enamel lesions is not consistent with current evidence. The lesion depth threshold to recommend a permanent restoration differed between the low-risk and high-risk patient scenarios (p<0.001). Specific dentist/practice characteristics (dentist gender, graduate of a public dental school, postgraduate training, use of caries risk assessment) were significantly associated with the evidence-practice gap, but the magnitude of these differences was not major
Conclusion
A substantial evidence-practice gap in treatment of proximal carious lesions was found for the sample overall, even when clinical scenarios presented low-risk patients. Global strategies are needed to close this substantial evidence-practice gap.
Indexing terms
Decision making; Dental caries; Practice patterns, dentists’
... 1,4 All Saudi universities, including medical and dental schools, expeditiously shifted to full-fledged e-learning systems, Contemporary didactic and practical teaching, within a dental school environment, plays a vital role in imparting knowledge, cognitive and psychomotor skills needed for the dental curriculum. 6 Dental clinical education through "face-to-face" learning is best taught through patient demonstration, as it helps master communication skills and enhances self-confidence in patient handling. 7 Over the last decade, e-learning has emerged as a popular mode of didactic and cognitive training, owing to its convenience, cost-effectiveness and time-efficiency. ...
Background: Dental education has been shifting from face‑to‑face learning to e-learning, and this was profound during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to assess the overall experience and satisfaction of dental students towards e-learning in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted between November 2022 and January 2023. The survey questionnaire comprised items for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of data. Non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test along with Conover post-hoc analysis) were conducted to compare ‘e-learning experience’ and ‘overall satisfaction’, against the descriptive variables. Results: The sample of 250 participants comprised 52.4% females, 71.6% were in the age group 22 to 25 years, 96.4% were Saudi nationals, and 29.6% were 4th-year students. Approximately 72.8% of them described their IT skills as average and 55.2% of them had participated in e-learning activities before the COVID-19 pandemic. E-learning for practical/clinical sessions before the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, during the complete lockdown, after partial return following the lockdown, and after complete return following the lockdown are statistically significantly higher in participants who had participated in e-learning before the pandemic. Conclusions: The present study ascertained the positive perceptions of dental students regarding e-learning as a preferred learning method. However, the students of the preclinical and clinical years have a varying preference between traditional face-to-face education and online learning.
... Although discipline-based curricula frequently focus on teaching students precise, up-to-date knowledge and skills in a specific course, students may still find it challenging to grasp the course's integration of multidisciplinary knowledge, due to the fragmented discipline-based curricula [4]. The lack of relevance in translating the knowledge of dental materials science to clinical or laboratory workplaces has also rendered students to occasionally perceive dental materials science only as dull and a requirement to fulfil [9][10][11][12]. ...
Dental materials science is a core course in most undergraduate dental curricula [...]
... The findings from this review highlight a need to implement evidence-based strategies to improve access to dental care, and also the dissemination of oral health information and advice to people with diabetes in South Asian countries [69]. Bastani et al. [70] identified that since social, environmental and economic determinants play a major role in access to timely dental care, policymakers should focus on reallocating resources to mitigate oral health service access inequality by focusing on the implementation of public health insurance packages and equitable distribution of dental clinics. ...
Diabetes increases the risk of oral health complications. This review aimed to synthesise the current evidence on the oral health knowledge, attitudes and practices of people living with diabetes in South Asian countries and provide recommendations on possible strategies for addressing the gaps in oral health care in this population, including the role of non-dental professionals. Using a scoping review framework, six electronic databases (Ovid Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase) were searched to identify the relevant literature published between January 2000 and December 2021. The data were extracted into three main categories based on the review’s aims, and further refined into sub-categories. A total of 23 studies were included. The review identified that while people with diabetes living in South Asian countries had some level of awareness about oral health and limited care practices to maintain good oral health, there were gaps in knowledge, and there were areas where their oral health practices and attitudes could be improved. The findings suggest a need for developing targeted oral health policies as well as implementing integrated oral health care interventions involving non-dental professionals to improve the oral health outcomes of people with diabetes.
... More recently, the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) has simplified the diagnosis of clinical cases and planning, patient treatment acceptance, as well as the learning experience of our dental students [17]. Indeed, these technologies could facilitate the implementation an evidence-based practice [17][18][19][20][21]. The coronavirus pandemic also helped the rapid advancement and adoption of teaching technologies in dental education [14,15] such as the flipped classroom [22]. ...
The dental community is growing interest in the metaverse and its applications. The metaverse is a virtual environment that simulates the natural world via multisensory interactions with 3D objects. The implementation of augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality has simplified the diagnosis and planning of clinical cases, patient treatment acceptance, as well as the learning experience of our dental students. Metalearning could provide higher dental education access to schoolchildren, underprivileged people, caregivers, and clinicians. The metaverse is expected to become a platform for oral healthcare services integrated into our everyday life.
Keywords: Bitcoin; cryptocurrency; nonfungible tokens; oral health education; student satisfaction. CITATION: Afrashtehfar KI, Abu-Fanas ASH. Metaverse, Crypto, and NFTs in Dentistry. Educ Sci 2022; 12(8):538.
... The synthesized evidence about the clinical effectiveness of bulk-fill composites is recent 12,13 , and these studies highlight the need for further analysis with long-term follow-ups to support their findings. Strategies for the implementation of new technologies and material in restorative dentistry are limited, and they are usually centered in an individual experience 49,50,51,52 or generic recommendations for healthcare services 53,54 . Technology assessments and horizon scanning for healthcare technologies, usually for new drugs, are recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in the attempt to identify emerging technologies from research and development process, understand its adoption and performance allowing rational decisions in the modifications of healthcare patterns 55,56,57 . ...
This study aims to assess the resin composite purchases in a public health system and understand the variables associated with its cost and with the decision-making process over a period of 10 years. Secondary data collection was performed using the Brazilian Healthcare Prices Database (BDHP) from 2010 to 2019. All conventional and bulk-fill composites were selected. Date of purchase, institution type and location, procurement modality, number of purchased items, manufacture, and unit prices were collected. A multiple linear regression model assessed the influence of price in the procurement variables, while a multinomial logistic regression compared purchase probabilities between the materials. In total, 18,138 observations were collected with 2,129,294 purchased units and a total cost of USD 43,504,260.00. Conventional composites appeared in 98.5% of the procurement process. Nanofilled conventional composites were the most purchased materials, with an increased probability of purchase over time, despite its higher prices. An increase in prices was predicted for bulk-fill materials when compared to conventional ones. The odds of purchasing this category increased by 3.14x for every price increase over the years. Sociodemographic and type of institution influences the prices and the probability of procurement in the healthcare system. Nanofilled and bulk-fill resin are increasingly included in clinical practice. These findings highlight possible modifications to the standard-of-care in restorative treatments and how the translation of knowledge may occur from the development of new materials to the clinical application considering the economic impact of these modifications.
... Additionally, an adverse effect of stress on educational achievement has been observed [5]. Dental education is considered to be highly demanding academically and clinically [6,7]. Therefore, it is linked with a high prevalence of psychological stress among students. ...
Students experience different levels of acute and chronic stress during the academic year. Selected salivary biochemical parameters change as a result of stress. Our preliminary study aimed to indicate possible links between alterations in the salivary biochemical parameters (such as cortisol and total antioxidant status) and different accompanying stress levels in dental students during the academic year. The study group consisted of 20 volunteer dental students at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences—both genders, aged 20–26 years. Students were asked to fill in the electronic version of the author’s survey on experiencing and coping with stress. Samples of unstimulated saliva were collected in the morning and late evening at four-time points: in the middle of the academic year, during the examination period, at the beginning of the academic year, and in the middle of the following academic year, together with a determination of currently experienced stress on the Stress Numerical Rating Scale-11. According to the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion, morning levels of the hormone in saliva were much higher than in the evening. In evening cortisol, significant differences were observed during the studied periods—the highest level was found at the beginning of the academic year. However, the morning cortisol concentrations correlated more strongly with the declared stress levels and showed better predictability for high-stress levels. Salivary morning cortisol could be a potential marker of academic stress levels. Further studies are needed on a larger group to confirm.
... This form of education helps dentists grasp basic and applied sciences also while improving their understanding of how to handle difficult patients. Importantly, using evidence -based dentistry helps to bridge the gap between clinical research and everyday dental practice (13). ...
American Dental Association defines evidence-based dentistry as a method of making oral health-care decisions that involve the careful consideration of important clinical scientific evidence relating to the patient's oral health, medical condition, history, as well as the dentist's clinical expertise and the patient needs and preferences. Evidence -based dentistry combines the best information available with clinical competence as well as the requirements and preferences of the patient. The ultimate goal of restorative dentistry has always been optimizing tooth shape. Not only is it necessary to recreate the missing tooth anatomy, but it is also necessary to restore optimal form and function. Patients are increasingly favouring restorative treatment over extractions. The purpose of this research is to review the available information about the implementation of evidence-based dentistry in restorative dentistry. Evidence-based dentistry is beneficial in a variety of ways, and it is quickly becoming an important aspect of patient treatment, dental education, and research. In restorative dentistry, core outcome sets are needed, since they may boost the relevance of measured outcomes for all stakeholders, not only dental researchers, and limit the danger of bias reporting, as well as improve trial comparability, enhancing synthesis. Evidence-based dentistry does have the potential to usher the dental profession into a new age. Field of dentistry must take steps to keep up with the current evidence-based care paradigm. Despite the fact that evidence-based dentistry is widely accepted, its implementation in clinical practice is far behind especially in the field of restorative dentistry
