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Kinogram of the final phase of the jump shot on the goal (a) final step; b) takeoff, c) and d) preparation for the shot; e) shot, and landing).
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The aim of this study was to determine whether the dynamic motor stereotype of movement (shooting technique) is violated under conditions of an increased lactate concentration in a player's blood after a 30-15 intermittent fitness test. The hypotheses was that there would be statistically significant differences in ball speed and shooting accuracy...
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Aim:
The study aimed to investigate the effects of the somatotype components on handball.
Methods:
The sample consisted of 60 elite junior handball players. Somatotype was evaluated using the Heath & Carter method. The kinetic performance trials of the handball athletes were running speed performance over 5 m 10 m and 20 m sprints, sit and reach,...
Citations
... During a 15-s submaximal intensity effort, the glycolytic pathway with the waste product lactate (La − ) does not become the major provider of ATP [28]. Therefore, the running mechanics were not disturbed during the trials, see [29,30]. All testings were performed in preferred form-fitting training clothes that did not restrict movement, including their own shoes. ...
A novel application of spring-loaded inverted pendulum model is proposed in this study. In particular, we use this model to find the existence of so-called fixed points, which correspond to actual running gaits, as functions of model parameters such as stiffness and energy. Applying the model to experimental data allows us to draw justifiable conclusions on mechanical energy minimisation for running gaits. The data were collected during a study witch 105 athletes. Force was measured using a pressure plate integrated in a treadmill. Kinematic data were recorded using two high-speed video cameras and an accelerometer placed on the back sacral localization. Each athlete completed trials by running at four different targeted velocities (9, 12.5, 16, 19.5 km/h). Running velocity influenced the values of the leg spring stiffness approximations, while the values of stiffness, determined using data from the pressure plate and camera, vary only slightly. The mechanical energy corresponding to periodic running gaits was studied with leg stiffness determined from the experiment. The mechanical energy of the runner slightly exceeded the minimum value of energy required for the existence of fixed points in the model. These results contribute to the general understanding of running gaits in terms of mechanical energy optimization.
... Recently, Belcic at al. (2021) reported that the fast break is the decisive factor of success in handball teams competing in the same league; moreover, Bilge (2012) earlier found that the tactical choice of fast breaks leads to victory. Also, Celes and colleagues (2019) analysed the U19 World Handball Championship matches in 2019 and reported that successful fast breaks are the most important factor for predicting the final result. ...
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to measure the effect of fast play on a handball team’s performance by assessingranking in three European Men’s Championships (Euro 2018, 2020, 2022) as a dependent variable. Theindependent variables indicating fast play were the ranking of the team in the tournament, total fast breaks(TFB) per match played, successful fast breaks (SFB) per match played, total fast throw-offs (TFTO) permatch played, and successful fast throw-offs (SFTO) per match played. Analyses for each tournamentincluded descriptive statistics, correlation analyses between team ranking and TFB, SFB, TFTO, and SFTOper match played, and hierarchical regression analyses to identify whether the independent variables couldpredict team ranking in a tournament. TFB and SFB per match played were statistically significant predictorsof tournament placement for all three European tournaments examined. Euro 2018 scored the highest teamranking prediction for both TFB and SFB. However, TFTO and SFTO per match played were not significantpredictors of tournament placement in all three tournaments. In conclusion, the TFB and SFB per matchplayed were statistically significant predictors of tournament placement.Keywords: Performance analysis of sport, Fast breaks, Fast throw-offs, Team ranking, High-performancelevel, Handball.1 Corresponding author. Associate Professor, School of Physical Education & Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,Greece. Address: School of Physical Education & Sport Science Campus in Thermi, s/n: 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0029-6684E-mail: ggiatsis@phed.auth.grSubmitted for publication July 27, 2023.Accepted for publication September 07, 2023.Published January 01, 2024 (in press November 15, 2023).JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISE ISSN 1988-5202.© Faculty of Education. University of Alicante.doi:10.14198/jhse.2024.191.06Cite this article as:Hatzimanouil, D., Lola, A., Giatsis, G., Pérez-Turpin, J. A., Skandalis, V., & Kepesidou, M. (2024). Trends of the fast game in men’s EHFEuropean handball championships. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 19(1), 68-82. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2024.191.06Original Article
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Hatzimanouil, et al. / Fast game in men’s handball JOURNAL OF HUMAN SPORT & EXERCISEVOLUME 19 | ISSUE 1 | 2024 | 69INTRODUCTIONTeam sports assume their current form based on trends that appear over the years (Pfeiffer & Perl, 2006).The scientific documentation of the modern form of a team sport is mainly shaped by match analysis and thedetermination of the prevailing trends (Meletakos et al., 2020; Hatzimanouil et al., 2017). Game analysis is adistinct field of sports performance analysis, referring to the recording and subsequent analysis of actionsand behaviours during a game, by individual players, teams or both (Williams et al., 2005). The aim of gameanalysis is to identify reliable performance indicators to help coaches improve their players’ and/or team’sperformance, allowing them to adjust their training accordingly (Prieto et al., 2015). McGarry and colleagues(2002) note that coaches need to know those critical performance characteristics that will change the futurebehaviours of the team, based on the information gathered from previous competitions.These models should be designed in such a way that, through specific analyses, the organization of a team’sgame can be formalized according to the variations and regularities formed by events during the match andaccording to phases of play, such as attack, defence, and transition play from defence to attack and viceversa (Garganta, 2009). The model should gather indicators that are able to describe the main events of thegame, considering the relations of cooperation and opposition among players and between teams. The sameauthor mentions that a holistic game analysis, focusing on the organization of a team’s play by ascertainingnot only the regularity but also the random characteristics of the moves in the game, taking offensive anddefensive efficiency into account, is beneficial. Therefore, the primary objective of a tactical analysis is not aspecific player’ actions, taken in isolation, but the order and sequence of a play that is the result of actionsduring the game. Thus, when there are changes and trends, these appear during the organization of thegame, arising from the characteristics of the series of actions and the successive actions (tactical elements)of the teams, from the consequences leading to different results, and finally from situations where there is adifference in the attack-defence balance, whether a goal is cored or not (Garganta, 2009).Balagué and Torrents (2005) and Lames and Hansen (2001) point out that qualitative research methodsshould be included in scientific research in addition to mathematical modelling, simulation and/or moderncomputer techniques, in order to consistently reach the correct conclusion and apply it to sports practice. AsSkoufas (2019) argues, the longitudinal analysis of national teams’ matches in major competitions andtournaments over a long period of time allows the evolution and development of the sport to be monitored onthe world map.Over the years, handball, like other similar team sports, has assumed a form of play that involves speed andfast play (Przednowek et al., 2019; Michalsik, 2018). Przednowek and colleagues (2019) were led to thisconclusion after finding that in major national team competitions, efficiency in fast play (counterattacks andfast throw-offs) improved due to an increase in active playing time in attack and an increase in number ofattacks. Ferrari et al. (2020) report that top winning teams perform better than losing teams in the fast game.Rogulj et al. (2004), Rogulj et al. (2011) and Rogulj and Srhoj (2009) also concluded that those teams whoseplan was to make constant brief attacks against loose defences, and/or short-term positional attacks (under25 seconds), were more likely to be successful. The changes in the regulations over time (fast throw-off, etc.)have also contributed to the adaptation of handball to the fast game (Michalsik, 2018).Ferrari and colleagues (2020) report that research on handball match analysis is rare and relativelyundeveloped. Moreover, it does not refer to all factors of the game but only to the frequency and effectivenessof shots, game outcome, time-outs, and analysis focused on home advantage. Hatzimanouil et al. (2019)
(3) (PDF) Trends of the fast game in men’s EHF European handball championships. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377319229_Trends_of_the_fast_game_in_men's_EHF_European_handball_championships#fullTextFileContent [accessed Jan 16 2024].
... The fastest and most spectacular situation of the game is the fast break (Seil et al., 1998). The fast break is the fastest way to score a goal on an opposing team (Belcic et al., 2021). Moreover, the fast break is the first attack attempt after gaining possession of the ball (Marczinka, 1993). ...
... A kinematic suit consists of 17 non-invasive sensors that are placed on the respondents' bodies in a predefined protocol. Previous research [18][19][20] determined the metric characteristic and possibility of measuring kinematic parameters with the Xsens system in sports games and in handball. Elastic straps were used to define targets on the goal (upper and lower opposite corners). ...
... The difference in hand velocity between one and three steps is unexpected because it is considered that the technique of shooting from one step compared to three steps is not impaired, but the results show us exactly the opposite. Given that it has been proven that the speed in the shoulder joint is related to the speed of throwing the ball and hand velocity [20], the significance of the differences can be interpreted by the final velocity of the throwing. The velocity of throwing in handball is the result of successive actions of the kinematic chain, which affect the maximum speed of the throw. ...
Citation: Belcic, I.; Ocic, M.; Dukaric, V.; Knjaz, D.; Zoretic, D. Effects of One-Step and Three-Step Run-Up on Kinematic Parameters and the Efficiency of Jump Shot in Handball. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 3811. https:// Abstract: The main aim of this research is to analyse the kinematic model of two different variations of executing the jump shot, one performed after one step in the preparation phase and the other performed after a three-step preparation phase (run-up). Respondents (N = 27) are female Croatian national handball team players (U17 and U19). After basic anthropometric and morphological measurements, along with the warmup, respondents proceeded to shoot with one-and three-step shots directed at targets in the upper and lower opposite corner of the goal. A significant difference was found in all measured kinematic parameters between one-and three-step jump shots: hand velocity (p < 0.001 for the upper opposite (UO) and p < 0.001 for the lower opposite target (LO)); hand height reached (p < 0.05 UO and p < 0.01 LO); jump height (p < 0.001 UO and p < 0.001 LO); shoulder velocity (p < 0.001 UO and p < 0.001 LO); and ball velocity (p < 0.05 UO and p < 0.01 LO). Coaches should incorporate specific jump shots after one step to automate this movement and produce the best shooting technique, which will allow them to have smaller differences or no differences between techniques with three-steps and one-step jump shots. Consequently, this will lead to better performance indicators which consist of shooting on target from various positions in the field.
... Along with the correct performance of the throwing technique, an important factor in a fight is the influence of fatigue, which can significantly affect the performance of a technique. Research [18][19][20] confirms that fatigue significantly affects the performance of a technique of certain sports. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in plasma strongly reflect muscle injury, as proper biomarkers of muscle fibers disrupture. ...
... This can lead to falling forward, which can give the uke an opportunity to turn the fight in his favor after the transition to the ground with a counterattack. Other authors [19,39,40] have studied the speed of the general center of gravity of the body and concluded that in the kuzushi and tsukuri phases, better judokas have a higher COM speed. However, they did not observe whether there is an influence of fatigue on their performance. ...
To achieve technical efficiency in a judo fight, it is necessary to know the technical details of each throw. The tempo of a judo fight is highly intense, and it is necessary for the competitor to be physically very well prepared. Considering the tempo, an important factor in the fight is the influence of fatigue, which can significantly affect the performance of a technique. The aim of this research is to determine the kinematic parameters and the influence of the fatigue protocol during the performance of ippon seoi nage (ISN) throw. The sample of participants consists of 30 young judokas (17.02 ± 0.91 year; 72.81 ± 6.52 kg; 178.60 ± 5.60 cm). The following variables were observed with Xsens Awinda kinematic system: the angle of the left shoulder (L_shou_A); the angle of the right shoulder (R_shou_A); the difference in the height of the pelvis in the tsukuri phase (Pel_tsu_H); the difference in the height of the pelvis in the kake phase (Pel_kake_H); hand velocity (Hand_V); head position (Head_pos). The participants performed three ISN throws before and after the fatigue protocol. A statistically significant difference (MANOVA) was found between the measurements (F = 8.47; p = 0.00). Additionally, observing the differences between individual variables (ANOVA), a significant difference was found in all measured variables, with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. This research presents key kinematic parameters that had not yet been observed in this manner. Furthermore, based on the established differences, it can be concluded that the participants significantly disrupt the performance of the ISN throw technique in situational, i.e., fight, conditions.
... Therefore, there is an unavoidable link between a handball player's ability to perform game skills and their aerobic ability, indicated by the VO2 max (Bassett & Howley, 2000 In terms of lactic acid, the handball game combines aerobic and anaerobic energy systems due to the long playing time, which is an hour of uninterrupted play, and a transition to handball skills that are performed quickly with high intensity. These conditions increase the likelihood of lactic acid concentration in the blood, and the effect of this increase is visible when performing skills that require speed and strength, such as shooting the ball into the goal (Belcic et al., 2021). The physiological demands of handball, which are based on the aerobic and anaerobic systems, contribute significantly to an increase in lactic acid concentration in the blood (Chaouachi, 2009). ...
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various VO2 max rates on mechanical variables, lactic acid concentration, and shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw among handball players. The experimental method consisted of two experiments: one for calculating the VO2 max in the laboratory and another for testing the shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw. A total of 36 handball players who specialized in shooting the 7-meter throw participated in the current study. They were divided into three equal groups in terms of training age, VO2 max level and the shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw at rest time. Their average age was 24.1±3.2 years, their height was 177±23 cm, and their weight was 72±4.3 kg. We used three Canon Eos 80D cameras, a Scout Cortex lactate device, and Kinovea 0.9.5 software for performance evaluation. The study's results revealed a statistically significant effect of multiple rates of VO2 max on some mechanical variables, lactic acid concentration, and shooting accuracy of the 7-meter throw among handball players, with a negative effect that increases when the rates of VO2 max become greater at the level of significance (α = 0.00). In light of the study's results, the researcher advised handball coaches to work on increasing their players' VO2 max levels or delaying their players' access to higher levels of VO2 max to avoid an increase in the concentration of lactic acid in the blood and, as a result, a decrease in the players' abilities to perform the 7-meter throw skill. According to the results of this study, they should also consider the use of pauses and substitutions during matches to ensure that players do not reach levels of up to 65% of VO2 max.
... The use of physiological sensors is necessary because it is of great importance to monitor training adaptations [36] and assess physiological qualities for movement optimization [37]. The impact of fatigue has been observed as a key factor in performance and biomechanical variables [38], increasing the risk of injury with increased physiological fatigue, as it appears to be a multifaceted phenomenon involving central and peripheral factors, resulting in a slowing of the motor unit and a decrease in maximal force and power [39][40][41][42]. ...
The use of inertial and physiological sensors in a sport such as judo is scarce to date. The information provided by these sensors would allow practitioners to have a better understanding of sports performance, which is necessary for an accurate training prescription. The purpose of this study was to use inertial and physiological sensors in order to investigate the effect of a plyometric and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) training program on Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) performance and speed of execution of throws in young judokas. A total of 32 participants were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The intervention consisted of six sessions with a duration of 60 min for 3 weeks. Physiological sensors collected heart rate data to assess the Special Judo Fitness Test, and inertial sensors collected angular velocity. The results show a significant decrease in the SJFT index (Score pre: 22.27 ± 2.73; Score post: 19.65 ± 1.70; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.61) and a significant increase in the angular velocity of the X-axis (Pre: 320.87 ± 51.15°/s; Post: 356.50 ± 40.47°/s; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.45) and Y-axis (Pre: 259.40 ± 41.99°/s; Post: 288.02 ± 65.12°/s; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.31) in the experimental group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that using inertial and physiological sensors allowed us to analyze the effect that a high-intensity interval training program and plyometrics had on the performance of young judokas. Strength and conditioning coaches should consider these results because including plyometric training and HIIT in judokas’ workout programming can be especially positive for eliciting increases in performance. However, future training interventions should investigate the training adaptations to longer interventions.
... The studies indicate that, at the professional national levels, the full-step cycle, with three previous steps, is the most used [16][17][18]. However, in the modern international game of handball, the mobility of the defense players is continuously increasing, leading to more open defensive systems, and positioning the attacking players further away from the goal area than in traditional handball defenses. ...
The aim of this article was to analyze the step cycle that precedes the throwing action in elite men’s handball and its relationship with different factors, such as throwing distance, throwing technics, throw speed, whether it occurs in jump or standing, the last step, and efficiency. Twenty-four complete matches were analyzed, with a total of 1013 throws in three international elite men’s handball championships. The results show that the most used step cycle is the one performed with two steps. There is a significant relationship between the step cycle and the throw distance, with two-step throws being the most used from outside 9 m (29.8%, p < 0.001), three-step throws at a distance between 6 and 9 m (35.9%, p < 0.001), and zero- and one-step throws from 6 m (30.5%, p < 0.001). Likewise, the last step with natural footing is the most used (93.7%, p < 0.001) with a complete cycle of steps, followed by false foot with more than three steps (27.3%, p < 0.001), and two feet with zero steps (12.6%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the skill to take advantage of the dynamic improvement offered by the mastery of the step cycle, adapting to the different situations of the game, could be an essential characteristic of the player to effectively complete the throwing action.
