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The elimination of diclofenac traces from aqueous environments is important. In this research, the effect of alkaline (NaOH) pretreatment on clinoptilolite before its modification with a surfactant (HDTMA) for diclofenac adsorption under the speculation of the sole presence of diclofenac in the aqueous solution is investigated. The results are comp...
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... study Table 3 shows the kinetic parameters of DCF adsorption with HDTMA-Clino, and Table 4 The boundary layer effect was also investigated through the calculation of the c parameter (intercept of the intraparticle diffusion model, before dividing it to several stages). that at greater initial concentrations, the adsorption was mostly affected by the boundary layer and that the intraparticle diffusion was not the sole present mechanism in the process. ...Citations
... Chemical industries are particularly challenged with removing toxic heavy metal ions from their wastewater (Barkade et al. 2023;Khan et al. 2008). There are multiple methods for the treatment of wastewater containing contaminants, such as flocculation, coagulation, filtration, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, adsorption, biological methods, membrane filtration, and advanced oxidation processes (AOP), which includes Fenton reaction, sonolysis, sonocatalysis, photolysis, ozonation, and photocatalytic reaction (Jamali Alyani et al. 2019;Ghavi et al. 2021;Gohari et al. 2022;Ashraf Talesh 2019, 2023;Marabottini et al. 2017;Nabizad et al. 2022;Nematpour Sedaghati et al. 2021;Iranparast Poshtiri et al. 2022). Researchers are exploring cost-effective, highly efficient technologies to address this issue. ...
The use of photocatalysis technology, specifically visible light photocatalysis that relies on sustainable solar energy, is the most promising for the degradation of contaminants. The interaction of conducting polymer and titanium dioxide (TiO2) leads to the exchange that enhances the alteration of the semiconductor's surface and subsequently decreases the bandgap energy. Polypyrrole (PPy) and TiO2 nanocomposites have promising potential for photocatalytic degradation. Chemically and electrochemical polymerization are two predominant methods for adding inorganic nanoparticles to a conducting polymer host matrix. The most commonly utilized method for producing PPy/TiO2 nanocomposites is the in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization technique. Immobilizing PPy/TiO2 on substrates causes more charge carriers (electron/hole pairs) to be produced on the surface of TiO2 and enhances the rate of photocatalytic degradation compared to pure TiO2. The increased surface charge affects how electron/hole pairs are formed when visible light is used. This study provides a comprehensive investigation into the synthesis, characterization, application, efficiency, and mechanism of PPy/TiO2 nanocomposites in the photocatalytic degradation process of various pollutants. Furthermore, the effect of stabilizing the TiO2/PPy nanocomposite on various substrates will be investigated. In conclusion, the review outlines the ongoing challenges in utilizing these photocatalysts and highlights the essential concerns that require attention in future research. Its objective is to help researchers better understand photocatalysts and encourage their use in wastewater treatment.
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... Additionally, it is plausible that the treatment dissolves hemicelluloses associated with or covering lignin, thereby augmenting cellulase accessibility and subsequent cellulose adsorption. Extending the treatment duration may further enhance accessibility, consequently increasing the expected glucose yield (Ghavi et al. 2021;Cheng et al. 2022). However, further research is imperative to establish a definitive correlation between surfactant effects and substrate characteristics. ...
Alkaline pretreatment stands out as a valuable strategy in biomass conversion to overcome the recalcitrance of biomass by removing lignin and a part of hemicellulose. This enhances enzyme accessibility and promotes saccharification. However, increasing the alkaline concentration to enhance the delignification and improve glucose yield together presents inherent limitations. In this experiment the amount of delignification and glucose yield resulting from surfactant associated with sonication during mild alkaline pretreatment of Eucalyptus pellita was investigated. Also, the effect of various factors (sonication temperature and surfactant immersion time) on delignification and glucose yield were examined. The results demonstrated that surfactant associated with sonication pretreatment could overcome the limitation of alkaline pretreatment and could increase the amount of delignification alongside enzymatic hydrolysis glucose yield of Eucalyptus pellita wood by around 90%. The findings indicated that surfactant-assisted with sonication during mild alkaline pretreatment of Eucalyptus pellita (i.e., hardwood) could be recommended as a supporting pretreatment method for the production of monomeric sugars.
... Also, the binding of the CTAB to the surface of MMT can lead to an increase in mesoporous at the MMT surface. Also, the smaller surface area of raw MMT compared with modified MMT, could be due to the aggregation of MMT nanoparticles [26]. Undoubtedly, the adsorption capacity has been increased for such reasons. ...
... This can be due to the absence of any chemical reactions after MG sorption on adsorbent. The reduction of the roughness can be due to the coverage of the adsorbent surface with MG molecules [19,26]. ...
In this study, montmorillonite (MMT)/xanthan gum (XG)-sodium alginate (Alg) hybrid hydrogel nanocomposite has been synthesized for adsorption of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solution. The MMT nanoparticles were modified by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), with specific fraction of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CTAB, and applied to synthesize MMT(0.5CMC)/XG-Alg, MMT(1CMC)/XG-Alg and MMT(2CMC)/XG-Alg, and unmodified MMT nanoparticles were applied to synthesis MMT/XG-Alg as control adsorbent. BET, FTIR and SEM analyses were conducted, in order to identify the structure and morphologies of hybrid nanocomposites. The results of FTIR, showed that the functional groups of carboxylates and hydroxyl in the structure of the nanocomposite play an important role in the adsorption process. According to SEM analysis, the unevenness on the adsorbents surface has disappeared, due to the adsorption of the MG dye. Also, by the surface modification of MMT nanoparticles using CTAB, the MMT(0.5CMC)/XG-Alg specific surface area increased from 6.38 to 72.48 m2/g, compared to MMT/XG-Alg. Maximum adsorption capacity was occurred in pH = 6, temperature 318 K, contact time 240 min and 0.02 g/50 mL of the hybrid nanocomposites. According to the results, adsorption process was fitted on the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximum adsorption capacity of 769.23 mg/g for the MMT(0.5CMC)/XG-Alg as the best adsorbent, and 476.19, 666.66 and 588.23 mg/g for the MMT/XG-Alg, MMT(1CMC)/XG-Alg and MMT(2CMC)/XG-Alg, respectively. Adsorption kinetics is well described by the pseudo-second order. The thermodynamic parameters, the enthalpy (∆H°) and Gibbs-free-energy (∆G°), indicated that sorption process was endothermic and spontaneous, respectively.
