FIGURE 11 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
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Keloid scars and hypertrophic scars (A) A linear, erythematous raised scar is visible. These features are characteristic of a hypertrophic scar, which results from abnormal wound repair (i.e., overgrowth of fibroblastic tissues during skin healing); (B) Two welldefined round keloids with a red, smooth surface in the right pinna Source: Figure 11A: Cutaneous Scarring: A Clinical Review by Richard Baker, Fulvio Urso-Baiarda, Claire Linge, Adriaan Grobbelaar, Dermatology Research and Practice Journal, licensed under CC BY 3.0; Figure 11B: Ear Keloid-Auricular Keloid by Htirgan, Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Source publication
Despite skin being the largest and most exposed organ of the human body, skin issues can be challenging to diagnose in deployed military service members. Common reasons deployed soldiers seek dermatological evaluation include infections, inflammatory skin conditions, and skin growth. Due to limited access to specialized care in deployed settings, d...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... can develop within one day and up to 24 years following dermal trauma [191]. Keloids can present as either minor keloids or major keloids ( Figure 11). Minor keloids are focally raised, pruritic, and extend beyond the site of the trauma. ...
Context 2
... keloids are focally raised, pruritic, and extend beyond the site of the trauma. Alternatively, major keloids are large (>0.5 cm), painful, pruritic, and extend beyond the site of the trauma ( Figure 11B) [192]. Both minor and major keloids do not regress spontaneously and may progress in size over the years [192]. ...
Citations
... Although its principle of generating reactive oxygen species that impair keratinocyte multiplication primed its use not only for psoriasis but also for other skin pathologies, such as for example chronic eczema and alopecia areata, it is precisely this mechanism that results in its distinctive disadvantages, i.e., skin-related irritation and discoloration, as well as reduced stability. 3 When combined with the various demerits associated with conventional pharmaceutical compositions, as well as the lengthy time of application, patient compliance and therapy effectiveness become an especially problematic venture. 4 The search for ways to maximize therapeutic outcomes has led researchers to hope for a solution by creating advanced drug delivery systems. ...
Dithranol is a therapeutic agent mainly used for psoriasis; however, its clinical use is limited by poor stability, skin irritation, and low patient compliance with conventional formulations. This paper reviews the various advanced drug delivery systems that have been formulated to bypass the above limitations and improve the pharmacokinetics of dithranol. In this context, we describe the problems of the current formulations, which are the instability of the drug and adverse reactions to the skin. Further, we present the advantages of advanced delivery systems, including nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers, for drug stabilization and delivery to target tissues. We elaborate on the working of polymeric systems, including hydrogels, microparticles, micelles, and prodrugs, with which drug solubility is improved and drug release is sustained. Finally, through in-vitro and in-vivo studies and clinical procedures, details are given regarding the drug release kinetics, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of such formulations. The text elaborates on future directions and new technological approaches toward the delivery of dithranol. These advanced delivery systems will help to overcome the limitations of the existing formulations and achieve a higher therapeutic impact of the drug on psoriasis and other skin diseases.
... The majority of the respondents (1769 (66.2%)) do not examine their feet regularly. The habit of not examining feet among the respondents aligns with the trend observed in numerous studies that reflect the lack of consistent examination of feet [12]. Furthermore, the majority (2179 (81.5%)) reported regular use of nail scissors, suggesting that the use of scissors is the best hygiene and grooming habit among the study participants. ...
Assessment of Public Awareness and Practices Regarding Tinea Pedis Among the Saudi Arabian Population
... These effects may be produced by exposing the skin to phenolic compounds like 4-tert-butylphenol and hydroquinone mono-benzyl ether (i.e., monobenzone), and hydroquinone. Moreover, recently some corticosteroids with NBUVB, excimer light, and surgical treatment have been utilized, but not common because they are uncomfortable, expensive, and ineffective for all patients (Pendlebury et al. 2023). ...
Apigenin (APG) is a plant-based flavonoid that possesses antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and modulates P38 MAPK as well as tyrosinase. Hydroquinone (HQ), a phenolic compound was used to induce vitiligo in C57BL/6 mice. The present study was performed to check the therapeutic potential of apigenin in HQ-induced vitiligo via targeting P38 MAPK pathway. In the present study, 41 C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups containing seven animals per group except normal group. (I) normal group, (II) HQ group, (III) to (IV) APG with (1%, 2.5%, 5%), and (VI) tacrolimus (TAC) group. Topical application of HQ was performed from day 1 to day 20 to, (II), (III) to (IV) APG with (1%, 2.5%, 5%), (VI) tacrolimus (TAC) group, and then APG; tacrolimus (TAC) was applied from day 21 to day 60 after removing the hair. In the case of (I) normal group and (II) HQ group, we smeared them with water for 60 days and HQ for 20 days in their individual group. On day 61 after anesthesia, a part of the target skin was peeled and blood serum was taken to check the level of malondialdehyde, cholinesterase, catalase, tyrosinase, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and expression of P38 MAPK, histology of melanin containing hair follicles and depigmentation evaluation. Applying HQ topically had a noticeable impact on depigmentation, inflammatory indicators, oxidative stress, and lowered tyrosinase activity. Further HQ reduced melanin containing hair follicles and increased expression of P38 MAPK was confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, application of APG and TAC after day 21 to 60 significantly reduced depigmentation, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and increased tyrosinase. Furthermore, APG increased melanin containing hair follicles and decreased expression of non-phosphorylated P38 MAPK, as confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Our finding demonstrated that APG significantly prevented HQ-induced vitiligo by acting as an anti-inflammatory, increasing tyrosine, and reducing the expression of non-phosphorylated P38 MAPK.
... While there are some studies have linked levels of IL-17 in serum to dermatophytosis in an attempt to delve deeper into the division of Th17 responses and determine IL-17 in chronic recalcitrant dermatophytosis. They found that this interleukin keeps its secretion constant and continues to rise moderately even months to years after occurrence of the infection (Lacy et al., 2022;Pendlebury et al., 2023). Also this is consistent with what we found through the results of our current study. ...
This study was conducted to evaluates the immunological parameter IL-17) associated with development of dermatophyte infection. The study was carried out in the period beginning of December 2022 to end of June 2023.This study has been done at the Al-Hilla Teaching Hospital, Dermatology Unit, Babylon Government; ages range between 1 to 50 years in male and female. During the study a total 90 clinical specimens (Skin scraping and 5ml of blood) were obtained from all participants (45 dermatophytosis cases and 45 controls). Blood samples (serum introduced for evaluation of concentration level of IL-17 by ELISA. The ELISA was used to measure two types of cytokines (IL-17 and TNF-), and it was observed a significant increase ( P 0.0001 ) of serum IL-17 in dermatophyte infected patients (35.015 0.837 pg/ml) when compared with control subjects (6.481 0.848 pg/ml). The levels of IL-17 concentration in patients Infected with Dermatophyte Infection according to age groups appear non significant difference between age groups (P.value 0.8780) and the highest concentration level of IL-17 appears with age group (31-40 years) and (41-50 years) and were (37.191 2.806 Pg/ml) and (37.006 0.934 Pg/ml) respectively while the lowest concentration level of IL-17 with ( 10 years) was (33.784 4.756 Pg/ml). while in control group, appear non significant difference between age groups (P.value 00.8991) and the highest concentration level of IL-17 appears with age group (51-60 years) and ( 10 years) and were (8.636 2.300 Pg/ml) and (8.281 1.352 Pg/ml) respectively while the lowest concentration level of IL-17 with (31-40 years) was (5.869 1.002 Pg/ml). In depending on Gender, in dermatophyte infected patients group, the results have shown the high concentration level of IL-17 appear in male was (35.950 ± 0.916 Pg/ml) other than female (33.255 1.643 Pg/ml) with non significant difference (P.value 0.1266) also in control group , the results have shown the high concentration level of IL-17 appears in male was (7.383 0.911 Pg/ml) and the low concentration level appears in female and was (6.544 0.957 Pg/ml) , and this height also non significance (P.value 0.5381). The concentration level of IL-17 according to duration of infection in dermatophytosis patients, appear significant difference between groups (P.value 0.0001) and the highest concentration level of IL-17 appears with groups ( 2 years) and was (74.083 9.807 Pg/ml), while the lowest concentration level of IL-17 with (6 month) and was (33.892 2.890 Pg/ml).
Introduction: Military soldiers comprised 1,195 million United States active-duty members and 778,000 reserve members in 9/2021. Soldiers are often exposed to drastic climates, environments, and living conditions which may make them more susceptible to cutaneous diseases.
Methods: A PubMed search of studies published between 1/1/2002 – 8/30/2022, using MeSH terms: ((("Military Personnel"[Majr]) OR "Military Hygiene"[Majr])) OR "Military Medicine"[Majr]) AND "Skin Diseases"[Majr]), the reference lists of select articles, and other applicable sources were reviewed to identify articles on skin conditions affecting military soldiers and treatment options.
Discussion: In this article, we review skin conditions that affect military soldiers in both the deployed and non-deployed settings including infectious diseases, arthropod associated diseases, sexually transmitted infections, ultraviolet radiation related skin disease, acne, diseases of hair and hair follicles, dermatitis, onychocryptosis, and conditions caused by extreme weather conditions and occupational exposures. We also discuss treatment options and prevention methods as they relate to military settings.
Conclusion: Dermatological conditions can considerably impact soldiers’ wellbeing and military performance, often lead to evacuation of military personnel, and are associated with high financial costs. Cutaneous disease is one of most common reasons for soldiers to seek medical care and may cause significant morbidity. Serving in the military often impacts and limits treatment options.
Background
The "diabetic lung" has been identified as a possible target organ in diabetes, with abnormalities in ventilation control, bronchomotor tone, lung volume, pulmonary diffusing capacity, and neuroadrenergic bronchial innervation.
Objective
This review summarizes studies related to diabetic pneumopathy, pathophysiology and a number of pulmonary disorders including type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Methodology
Electronic searches were conducted on databases such as Pub Med, Wiley Online Library (WOL), Scopus, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using standard keywords “diabetes,” “diabetes Pneumopathy,” “Pathophysiology,” “Lung diseases,” “lung infection” for review articles published between 1978 to 2023 very few previous review articles based their focus on diabetic pneumopathy and its pathophysiology.
Results
Globally, the incidence of diabetes mellitus has been rising. It is a chronic, progressive metabolic disease. The "diabetic lung" may serve as a model of accelerated ageing since diabetics' rate of respiratory function deterioration is two to three-times higher than that of normal, non-smoking people.
Conclusion
Diabetes-induced pulmonary dysfunction has not gained the attention it deserves due to a lack of proven causality and changes in cellular properties. The mechanism underlying a particular lung illness can still only be partially activated by diabetes but there is evidence that hyperglycemia is linked to pulmonary fibrosis in diabetic people.
Introduction:
Basic military training (BMT) has been associated with increased morbidity burden. Nevertheless, the exact epidemiology of the encountered cases in the BMT of Greek recruits has never been assessed. The aim of this quality improvement project was to investigate for the first time the clinical patterns, rates, and severity of symptoms leading recruits to visit the infirmary of a recruit training center and use this knowledge to provide a practical guidance for the physicians in charge.
Materials and methods:
All medical cases which were consecutively examined for the time range from November 2021 to September 2022 at the infirmary of the Hellenic Naval recruit training center in Poros, Greece, were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of "severe clinical status" (i.e., overnight sick bay confinement and/or transfer to a tertiary hospital within 24 h) and absence from BMT for at least 1 day.
Results:
A total of 2,623 medical cases were examined during four recruit seasons from November 2021 to September 2022. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and musculoskeletal injuries were the most frequent reasons for a recruit's visit to the infirmary (33.9% and 30.2%, respectively). 6.7% of the total cases were identified as having "severe clinical status." Specifically, in psychiatric, urological, and cardiovascular cases, febrile events were all independently associated with increased risk of "severe clinical status." There was a positive association between training week and absence from BMT, while febrile events and spring recruit season were also independently linked with increased probability of absence from BMT for at least 1 day.
Conclusions:
URTIs and musculoskeletal complaints were the primary reasons for recruits' presentation at the infirmary of a Greek recruit training center, leading to severe rates of attrition. Further registries and quality improvement projects are warranted to reach specific conclusions and reduce BMT-related morbidity and its subsequent implications.
