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Karyotypic characteristics of male Oecomys auyantepui, karyomorph “a” (INPA 6754) with 2n=64: a conventional Giemsa staining b heterochromatic regions highlighted by C-banding c G-banding d nucleolus organizing region-carrying pairs evidenced by silver nitrate staining e fluorescent in situ hybridization of 5S rDNA (green) and 18S rDNA (red) probes f karyotype indicating the presence of telomeric sites as well as interstitial telomeric sequence in the sex X chromosome. Bars: 10 µm.
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Oecomys Thomas, 1906 is one of the most diverse and widely distributed genera within the tribe Oryzomyini. At least sixteen species in this genus have been described to date, but it is believed this genus contains undescribed species. Morphological, molecular and cytogenetic study has revealed an uncertain taxonomic status for several Oecomys speci...
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Background
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Citations
... Oecomys paricola (Thomas, 1904) (Carleton & Musser, 2015;Pardiñas & Ruelas, 2017) y O. concolor (Tirira, 2004(Tirira, , 2017Tirira et al., 2018b) / This species was previously referred to for the Ecuadorian fauna as Oecomys trinitatis (Carleton & Musser, 2015;Pardiñas & Ruelas, 2017) and O. concolor (Tirira, 2004(Tirira, , 2017Tirira, 2018b). 18 Esta especie fue referida anteriormente para la fauna ecuatoriana como Oecomys rutilus (Gomes Júnior et al., 2016;Tirira, Reid, et al., 2018); sin embargo, una revisión reciente indica que estos especímenes deben ser tratados como O. paricola (Voss et al., 2024) / This species was previously referred to for the Ecuadorian fauna as Oecomys rutilus (Gomes Júnior et al., 2016;Tirira, Reid, et al., 2018); however, a recent revision indicates that these specimens should be treated as O. paricola (Voss et al., 2024). (Patton, 2015); sin embargo, un nombre disponible para las poblaciones occidentales de esta especie es Dinomys branickii occidentalis Lönnberg, 1921. ...
... Oecomys paricola (Thomas, 1904) (Carleton & Musser, 2015;Pardiñas & Ruelas, 2017) y O. concolor (Tirira, 2004(Tirira, , 2017Tirira et al., 2018b) / This species was previously referred to for the Ecuadorian fauna as Oecomys trinitatis (Carleton & Musser, 2015;Pardiñas & Ruelas, 2017) and O. concolor (Tirira, 2004(Tirira, , 2017Tirira, 2018b). 18 Esta especie fue referida anteriormente para la fauna ecuatoriana como Oecomys rutilus (Gomes Júnior et al., 2016;Tirira, Reid, et al., 2018); sin embargo, una revisión reciente indica que estos especímenes deben ser tratados como O. paricola (Voss et al., 2024) / This species was previously referred to for the Ecuadorian fauna as Oecomys rutilus (Gomes Júnior et al., 2016;Tirira, Reid, et al., 2018); however, a recent revision indicates that these specimens should be treated as O. paricola (Voss et al., 2024). (Patton, 2015); sin embargo, un nombre disponible para las poblaciones occidentales de esta especie es Dinomys branickii occidentalis Lönnberg, 1921. ...
We present a new update of the official list of mammals of Ecuador. We follow a taxonomic order for the supra-generic categories, but alphabetical for the lower levels. We incorporate and point out the taxonomic changes that have occurred since the last version published in December 2023. For the elaboration of this list we kept a constant review of the scientific publications generated and the taxonomic changes occurred. The current version of the list of mammals of Ecuador includes 471 native species belonging to 13 orders, 53 families and 214 genera; among the main changes is the addition of two species to the Ecuadorian fauna (Cyttarops alecto and Lontra annectens); also noteworthy is the revalidation of the genus Pudella (instead of Pudu), the synonymization of the genus Vicugna with Lama and the taxonomic changes of other species (Saimiri macrodon, Oecomys galvez, O. paricola, Myotis osculatii, M. oxyotus, Leopardus pardinoides, and Lontra longicaudis). The mammalian orders with the highest species richness in Ecuador are Chiroptera (182), Rodentia (134), Artiodactyla (41) and Carnivora (37). We also document 27 additional species that are expected or potential for the Ecuadorian fauna. In addition, we list the subspecies (143) that correspond to the mammals of Ecuador, endemic species (62), extinct (3), recorded in the Ecuadorian Antarctic zone (11) and those introduced into the country (17).
... For instance, C-banding were useful to identify heterochromatic regions, as centromeres, or chromosomes, as sex and B chromosomes (Silva and Yonenaga-Yassuda 2004;Di-Nizo et al. 2017). Nucleolar Organizer Regions were mapped by NOR-banding (Svartman and Almeida 1992;Silva and Yonenaga-Yassuda 1997) or Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH) with ribosomal DNA as probes Gomes-Júnior et al. 2016). FISH with telomeric sequences revealed signals at the ends of chromosome arms, additionally to Interstitial Telomeric Sequences (ITS) (Andrades-Miranda et al. 2002b;Nagamachi et al. 2013;Moreira et al. 2020). ...
Repetitive DNA are sequences repeated hundreds or thousands of times and an abundant part of eukaryotic genomes. SatDNA represents the majority of the repetitive sequences, followed by transposable elements. The species Holochilus nanus (HNA) belongs to the rodent tribe Oryzomyini, the most taxonomically diverse of Sigmodontinae subfamily. Cytogenetic studies on Oryzomyini reflect such diversity by revealing an exceptional range of karyotype variability. However, little is known about the repetitive DNA content and its involvement in chromosomal diversification of these species. In the search for a more detailed understanding about the composition of repetitive DNA on the genome of HNA and other species of Ory-zomyini, we employed a combination of bioinformatic, cytogenetic and molecular techniques to characterize the repetitive DNA content of these species. RepeatExplorer analysis showed that almost half of repetitive content of HNA genome are composed by Long Terminal Repeats and a less significant portion are composed by Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements and Long Interspersed Nuclear Elements. RepeatMasker showed that more than 30% of HNA genome are composed by repetitive sequences, with two main waves of repetitive element insertion. It was also possible to identify a satellite DNA sequence present in the centromeric region of Oryzomyini species, and a repetitive sequence enriched on the long arm of HNA X chromosome. Also, comparative analysis between HNA genome with and without B chromosome did not evidence any repeat element enriched on the supernumerary, suggesting that B chromosome of HNA is composed by a fraction of repeats from all the genome.
... Comprising 19 species to date, Oecomys has been investigated using several approaches, such as morphology, nuclear DNA (nuDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and cytogenetics, which have shown that some lineages correspond to species complexes 39,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51] . Oecomys auyantepui has been recognized as a monophyletic lineage and a monotypic taxon 48, 52 53 . In addition, an interstitial telomeric sequence (ITS) was identified at the centromeric region of the bi-armed X chromosomes in karyotypes with 2n = 64 and 66, which suggests that chromosomal rearrangements have driven the evolution of this chromosome in O. auyantepui 52 . ...
... Oecomys auyantepui has been recognized as a monophyletic lineage and a monotypic taxon 48, 52 53 . In addition, an interstitial telomeric sequence (ITS) was identified at the centromeric region of the bi-armed X chromosomes in karyotypes with 2n = 64 and 66, which suggests that chromosomal rearrangements have driven the evolution of this chromosome in O. auyantepui 52 . It is noteworthy that cytogenetics studies with Oecomys have shown a substantial diversity in 2n and FNa, ranging from 54 to 86 and from 62 to 140, respectively 39,45,47,48,50,[52][53][54][55] 47,50 . ...
... In addition, an interstitial telomeric sequence (ITS) was identified at the centromeric region of the bi-armed X chromosomes in karyotypes with 2n = 64 and 66, which suggests that chromosomal rearrangements have driven the evolution of this chromosome in O. auyantepui 52 . It is noteworthy that cytogenetics studies with Oecomys have shown a substantial diversity in 2n and FNa, ranging from 54 to 86 and from 62 to 140, respectively 39,45,47,48,50,[52][53][54][55] 47,50 . In addition to elucidating the chromosomal rearrangements that occurred in these species, the chromosome painting analysis helped to delineate taxonomic limits, as the authors 47,50 were able to identify a hidden diversity and proposed that O. catherinae and O. paricola "eastern clade" were composed of two and three species, respectively. ...
X-autosome translocation (XY1Y2) has been reported in distinct groups of vertebrates suggesting that the rise of a multiple sex system within a species may act as a reproductive barrier and lead to speciation. The viability of this system has been linked with repetitive sequences located between sex and autosomal portions of the translocation. Herein, we investigate Oecomys auyantepui, using chromosome banding and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with telomeric and Hylaeamys megacephalus whole-chromosome probes, and phylogenetic reconstruction using mtDNA and nuDNA sequences. We describe an amended karyotype for O. auyantepui (2n = 64♀65♂/FNa = 84) and report for the first time a multiple sex system (XX/XY1Y2) in Oryzomyini rodents. Molecular data recovered O. auyantepui as a monophyletic taxon with high support and cytogenetic data indicate that O. auyantepui may exist in two lineages recognized by distinct sex systems. The Neo-X exhibits repetitive sequences located between sex and autosomal portions, which would act as a boundary between these two segments. The G-banding comparisons of the Neo-X chromosomes of other Sigmodontinae taxa revealed a similar banding pattern, suggesting that the autosomal segment in the Neo-X can be shared among the Sigmodontinae lineages with a XY1Y2 sex system.
... FISH with telomeric sequences revealed signals at the ends of all chromosomes, and additional telomeric sequences was found on the pericentromeric region of X chromosome in both karyotypes. Another karyotype, with 2n = 72 and FN = 80, was attributed to this species by Gomes-Júnior et al. (2016) (unpublished data from T. Lira) based on molecular data. However, this karyotype was very distinct from that presented by Gomes-Júnior et al. (2016). ...
... Another karyotype, with 2n = 72 and FN = 80, was attributed to this species by Gomes-Júnior et al. (2016) (unpublished data from T. Lira) based on molecular data. However, this karyotype was very distinct from that presented by Gomes-Júnior et al. (2016). In addition, the karyotypes presented by Gomes-Júnior et al. (2016) occurs sympatrically on specimens collected in Amazonas, state of Brazil, whereas the karyotype reported by T. Lira (unpublished data) occurs in specimens collected in Pará, state of Brazil (Table 8, Fig. 12). ...
... However, this karyotype was very distinct from that presented by Gomes-Júnior et al. (2016). In addition, the karyotypes presented by Gomes-Júnior et al. (2016) occurs sympatrically on specimens collected in Amazonas, state of Brazil, whereas the karyotype reported by T. Lira (unpublished data) occurs in specimens collected in Pará, state of Brazil (Table 8, Fig. 12). We suggested a more detailed analyses, using morphological and molecular data combined, in the specimen studied by T. Lira, in order to correctly identify this specimen. ...
Oryzomyini represents the most diverse and speciose tribe of subfamily Sigmodontinae, with 29 genera and about 141 species. This great diversity of species is distributed from southeastern North to southern South America. Its systematics have passed through major changes in the last years due to the integration of molecular data with morphological characters in phylogenetic inferences. Unsurprisingly, cytogenetic studies on Oryzomyini reflect such diversity, with chromosome diploid number varying from 2n = 16 to 2n = 88. In addition, some species present autosomal and sex chromosome polymorphisms, besides the presence of B chromosomes. However, despite decades of cytogenetic studies, our knowledge about the karyotype variability in this group were still poorly known. Considering such deep and profound changes on the tribe, along with important new evidence that was continuously being produced associated to field work in several areas of Brazil and South America, we performed a cytogenetic review of the Oryzomyini group. We provide standardized descriptions summarizing all the knowledge associated to the known species of the tribe. We also describe seven new karyotypes for the tribe.
... Contudo, a maior parte dos dados citogenéticos disponíveis para esses roedores ainda se restringem à coloração convencional, com descrição do número diploide (2n) e fundamental (NF). Estudos envolvendo diferentes técnicas de bandeamento cromossômico abrangem menor quantidade de espécies e aqueles que empregam técnicas mais atuais, como a pintura cromossômica, estão restritos a alguns gêneros (Gardner & Patton, 1976;Kasahara & Yonenaga-Yassuda, 1984;Patton et al., 2000;Moreira et al., 2013;Di-Nizo et al., 2015;Gomes-Júnior et al., 2016 (Reig et al., 1990). ...
A tribo Oryzomyini é a que contêm o maior número de espécies dentre as tribos da subfamília Sigmodontinae e os estudos citogenéticos nesses roedores refletem tal diversidade mostrando uma gama excepcional de variabilidade cromossômica. O número diploide varia de 2n = 16 até 2n = 88, além disso algumas espécies apresentam polimorfismos de cromossomos autossômicos e sexuais, assim como a presença de supernumerários. De modo a compreender melhor a variabilidade cromossômica do grupo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo: (1) fazer revisão citogenética da tribo; (2) descrever sete novos cariótipos; (3) realizar amplo estudo de pintura cromossômica comparativa, utilizando sondas cromossomo-específicas de todo o complemento cromossômico de Holochilus sciureus e alguns autossomos de Oligoryzomys moojeni em quinze espécies da tribo Oryzomyini; (4) e por fim fazer análise filogenética da tribo baseada em dados de pintura cromossômica. Os resultados mostraram intensa reorganização genômica, incluindo inversões pericêntricas e/ou reposicionamento centromérico, inversões paracêntricas, rearranjos Robertsonianos, fusões e/ou fissões em tandem e translocações envolvidas na diversidade e evolução cromossômica de Oryzomyini. A utilização de duas abordagens diferentes na análise filogenética mostrou qual é mais confiável e apresenta resultados similares aqueles resultantes das análises morfológicas e moleculares. Além disso, os cromossomos sexuais apresentaram regiões homólogas compartilhadas por todas as espécies analisadas com amplificação espécie-específica de heterocromatina.
... These results suggest that integrative approaches may be required to delimit taxa at species level within Oecomys. In fact, cytogenetic analyses show considerable karyological diversity in the genus, with diploid numbers ranging from 54 in O. rutilus from northern Amazonas, Brazil (Gomes Júnior et al., 2016) to 86 in Oecomys sp. from Rio Juruá in western Amazonas, Brazil (Patton et al., 2000). Thus, high rates of chromosomal variation are associated with species radiation (Gardner & Patton, 1976;Patton et al., 2000). ...
Oecomys is a genus of Neotropical arboreal rodents composed of 17 species with diploid number ranging from 2n = 54 to 86. Despite this high taxonomic and karyotypic diversity, the species-level systematics remains uncertain. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation of Oecomys using multiple approaches based on cytogenetic, molecular (mtDNA and nuDNA sequences) and morphological data sets. Sampling included 73 individuals from 25 localities in Amazonia, Cerrado, Pantanal and the Atlantic Forest, as well as 128 DNA sequences from GenBank. Molecular species boundaries associated with karyotype, morphological characters and geographic distribution led us to recognize 15 distinct lineages in Oecomys. These include five major well-supported clades composed of O. bicolor, O. catherinae, O. cleberi, O. mamorae, O. paricola and O. roberti, which were hypothesized as species complexes with at least eight putative new taxa. Three new karyotypes are also reported for the genus: 2n =
... Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 57 (5) (Carleton & Musser, 2015;Gomes Júnior et al., 2016) e no Amapá (Silva et al., 2013). 3,5 (11) (3,2 -3,8) 3,6 (24) (3,2 -4,1) 3,2 3,4 (8) (3,2 -3,7) 3,6 (2) (3,6 -3,7) ...
Faunal inventories are essential to directly access the diversity of a region. Although the Amazon rainforest exhibit large estimates of mammal species richness, the region still exhibits large sampling gaps. Aiming to fill a sampling gap on the mammalian diversity in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, we conducted an inventory of non-volant mammals at " terra firme " forest near the mouth of Rio Jufari, an affluent of north bank of Rio Negro, near its confluence with Rio Branco. To sample small mammals, we applied a total effort of 3,673 live trap nights, and 2,700 pitfall trap nights. For large mammals we performed unstandardized line transect census, and included, as well, records from occasional encounters and material donated by Caicubi community members. The pitfall traps proved to be extremely valuable for the small mammals sampling. We observed a low mammalian diversity when compared to other inventories throughout the Amazon basin. We recorded 27 species belonging to 25 genera, 16 families and nine orders of the Class Mammalia. The majority of recorded species is known from Guianan subregion. However, we present: extension on the known distribution records for Marmosops bishopi; taxonomic comments on the marsupial Monodelphis brevicaudata; and new collection record for species of the genera Oecomys and Makalata. It is remarkable the extremely low number of species from the order Primates. Data based on interviews suggested that this small number of primate specimens is historical, and areas closer to Rio Negro and Rio Branco exhibit higher diversity. Our samples showed that Rio Negro-Rio Branco confluence do not present an endemic mammalian fauna, once the region shares its mammalian composition with other confluence areas in the Amazon basin, especially with those on the northeastern Amazon region.
We present an updated of the official checklist of mammals of Ecuador. We follow a taxonomic ordering for the suprageneric categories, but alphabetically for the lower levels. We incorporate and indicate the taxonomic changes that have occurred since the last version published in June 2022. For the elaboration of this list we constantly review of the scientific literature generated and the taxonomic changes that had occurred. The current version of the list of mammals of Ecuador includes 466 native species belonging to 13 orders, 52 families and 209 genera. The mammalian orders with the higher species in Ecuador are Chiroptera (179), Rodentia (134), Artiodactyla (40) and Carnivora (36). We also document 26 additional species that are expected for the Ecuadorian fauna. In addition, we list the corresponding subspecies for the mammals of Ecuador, endemic species (57), extinct species (3), species recorded in the Ecuadorian Antarctic zone (11), and introduced species recorded in the country (18).
We present an updated of the official checklist of mammals of Ecuador. We follow a taxonomic ordering for the suprageneric categories, but alphabetically for the lower levels. We incorporate and indicate the taxonomic changes that have occurred since the last version published in December 2021. For the elaboration of this list a we kept a constant review of the scientific literature generated and the taxonomic changes that had occurred. The current version of the list of mammals of Ecuador includes 465 native species belonging to 13 orders, 52 families and 208 genera. The mammalian orders with the greatest richness in Ecuador are Chiroptera (178 species), Rodentia (134), Artiodactyla (40) and Carnivora (36). We also document 26 additional species that are expected for the Ecuadorian fauna. In addition, we list the corresponding subspecies for the mammals of Ecuador, the endemic species (57), extinct (3), present in the Ecuadorian Antarctic zone (11) and those introduced to the country (18).
We present an updated version of the official checklist of mammals from Ecuador. We follow a taxonomic ordering for the suprageneric categories, but alphabetical for lower levels. We incorporate and indicate taxonomic changes that have occurred since the last versión published in May 2021. For the elaboration of this list a constant review of the scientific literature generated and taxonomic changes that have occurred. The current version of the list of mammals of Ecuador includes 456 native species, belonging to 13 orders, 52 families, and 207 genera. The mammalian orders with the highest richness in Ecuador are Chiroptera (177 species), Rodentia (126), Artiodactyla (40), and Carnivora (36). We also document another 29 expected species, 53 endemics, three extincts, 11 present in the Ecuadorian Antarctic zone, and 17 species introduced to the country.
Presentamos una actualización de la lista oficial de mamíferos del Ecuador. Seguimos un ordenamiento taxonómico para las categorías supragenéricas, pero alfabético para los niveles inferiores. Incorporamos y señalamos los cambios taxonómicos ocurridos desde la última versión publicada en mayo de 2021. Para la elaboración de esta lista mantenemos una constante revisión de las publicaciones científicas generadas y los cambios taxonómicos ocurridos. La actual versión de la lista de mamíferos del Ecuador incluye 456 especies nativas, pertenecientes a 13 órdenes, 52 familias y 207 géneros. Los órdenes de mamíferos con la mayor riqueza en Ecuador son Chiroptera (177 especies), Rodentia (126), Artiodactyla (40) y Carnivora (36). También documentamos otras 29 especies esperadas, 52 endémicas, tres extintas, 11 presentes en la zona antártica ecuatoriana y 17 especies introducidas al país.
