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Karyotype of male F 1 hybrid between 46-chromosomal forms of M. arvalis s. l. from the vicinity of Afonino (Sokolsky district, Nizhny Novgorod region), routine chromosome staining.
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New data are presented on the composition, intraspecific structure, and geographic distribution of the sibling species of common voles in the Upper Volga basin and on the occurrence frequency and temporal dynamics of the complex chromosomal rearrangement of autosome pair 5 in Microtus arvalis f. obscurus in populations from Nizhny Novgorod region....
Citations
... str.) and M. obscurus. The area of contact between M. arvalis and M. obscurus is localized on the European territory of Russia: from Nizhny Novgorod and Ivanovo oblasts in the north to Voronezh and Kursk oblasts in the south [2][3][4] (Fig. 1). ...
... This zone of contact and hybridization formed in the postglacial period: voles M. arvalis of the Eastern phylogenetic line presumably settled from a refugium in the Carpathians [5], and M. obscurus of the Eurasian subline of the Sino-Russian line-from a refugium in Altai [6,7]. At the moment, a hybrid zone (HZ) between these two forms has been discovered in Vladimir oblast [8][9][10] and in Nizhny Novgorod, Kursk, and Lipetsk oblasts [3,4]. ...
... This study determined the frequency of heterozygotes for the gene tp53 in four sections of the hybrid zone to find out whether it differs from what is expected according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation. The distribution and frequency of inversion of autosome no. 5, specific to M. obscurus, which had not previously been identi- fied in the hybridization zone of these species, were investigated [4]. ...
Patterns of introgression of several genetic markers across the hybrid zone between allied species of the common vole Microtus arvalis s. str. and M. obscurus was studied in four of its sections: in northwest Nizhny Novgorod oblast, east Vladimir and southwest Nizhny Novgorod oblasts, south Lipetsk oblast, and northwest Voronezh oblast. Analysis of the clinal variability for three molecular genetic markers (cytb, tp53, SMCY11) and for karyotypes showed a structural similarity between the "Vladimir-Nizhny Novgorod," "Nizhny Novgorod," and "Voronezh" sections. The maximum width was shown for the cytb cline; the minimum width was shown for the SMCY11 cline; the tp53 cline and chromosomal cline occupy an intermediate position for this parameter. Furthermore, in these transects, the center of the cline for the cytb is shifted southeastward (into the distribution range of M. obscurus) from the centers of three other clines. The revealed asymmetric introgression of mitochondrial genome from M. arvalis to M. obscurus may be explained by the fact that the hybrid zone was formed as a result of invasion of M. obscurus into the range of M. arvalis. The "Lipetsk" transect differs from the three above-mentioned transects in very narrow clines with nearly coinciding centers. Such characteristics of the "Lipetsk" transect are obviously caused by localization of the hybrid zone in this section along Voronezh River. The obtained results led us to suppose that the structure of the studied hybrid zone is determined mainly by coincidence (or noncoincidence) of its center with local physical barriers.
... As a result of pilot genetic research, the contact zone between the Eastern lineage of M. arvalis and the Sino-Russian lineage (Eurasian sub-lineage) of M. obscurus has been found in the European part of Russia. At present, this hybrid zone is located in Vladimir Oblast (Golenishchev et al., 2001), Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (Baskevich et al., 2016) and Kursk and Lipetsk Oblasts (Baskevich et al., 2012). The boundary between geographic ranges of M. arvalis s.s. and M. obscurus, which spans middle taiga to dry steppes of the European part of Russia, is one of the longest contact zones among European mammals (Bulatova et al., 2010b). ...
... Results of studies on different sections of the M. arvalis × M. obscurus hybrid zone indicate the following features of this zone: a deficiency of F1 hybrids (according to analyses of karyological markers) and asymmetric introgression of mitochondrial gene Cytb from M. arvalis to M. obscurus (Baskevich et al., 2012(Baskevich et al., , 2016Bulatova et al., 2010a;Lavrenchenko et al., 2009). It should be noted that available information about the hybrid zone between M. arvalis and M. obscurus is fragmentary, and the number of collected samples is not sufficient even for approximate description of the zone and is suitable only for determining its location. ...
... The pericentric inversion in autosome No. 5 appears to have not introgressed across the hybrid zone A specific feature of the studied section of the hybrid zone is occurrence of the pericentric inversion in autosome No. 5. Radjabli and Grafodatsky (1977) discovered this inversion; afterwards, it was noticed in Russia: in the Caucasus, in the Central Black Earth Region, in the Volga region, in the South Urals and Trans Urals (Gileva et al., 1996;Koval'skaya et al., 2007) and in Eastern Kazakhstan (Vorontsov et al., 1984;Kozlovskii et al., 1988;Akhverdian et al., 1999;Baskevich et al., 2005Baskevich et al., , 2016. Among different territories, the frequency of acrocentric chromosome No. 5 varies. ...
Research into gene flow across interspecies hybrid zones gives an opportunity to identify mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of a species. The section of the hybrid zone between Microtus arvalis and M. obscurus in the Lower Oka basin (East European plain, Russia) was analysed here. Clinal analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and karyotypic and phenotypic features revealed a cline for mitochondrial gene Cytb; this cline exceeded in width clines for nuclear gene Tp53, for male-specific gene SMCY and for chromosomal markers. The phenotypic cline is second in width after the Cytb cline. The centre of the Cytb cline was found to be shifted from centres of the other clines towards the M. obscurus geographic range. Centres of the nuclear and chromosomal clines nearly coincide. The width of the Cytb cline and the shift of its centre can be explained by expansion of M. obscurus males into the geographic range of M. arvalis. The wide phenotypic cline may be caused by a large number of loci of small effect that determine the phenotypic features. Despite the expected negative correlation between the level of genetic divergence of the contacting forms and the width of the hybrid zones between them, the M. arvalis - M. obscurus hybrid zone in the studied section is wider when compared with the hybrid zones between phylogenetic lineages of M. arvalis in Southwest and Central Europe. We suppose that this discrepancy results from an influence of specific landscape features on the parameters of the hybrid zones. An inversion in autosome No. 5, which is an exclusive feature of M. obscurus, was absent to the west of the centre of the hybrid zone. The limited distribution of this inversion is suggestive of incompatibility of this chromosomal rearrangement with some genes of M. arvalis.
... However, up to the present, genetic approaches had not been used in the inventory of the small mammal fauna inhabiting this protected area, even though the faunal list of Olenii Wildlife Park includes the common vole Microtus arvalis s. l. (Sapelnikov, 2019), which, as is known, represents a complex of cryptic species and genetically discrete intraspecific forms. The application of the chromosomal approach made it possible to identify sympatric sibling species of M. arvalis s. l.: the East European vole Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Ognev, 1924 (2n = 54, NF = 56) and the common vole M. arvalis Pallas, 1779 (2n = 46) (Meyer et al., 1969); in addition, two, as was initially assumed, geographically substituted 46-chromosome forms have been identified: the 'arvalis' form of M. arvalis (MAA) (2n = 46, NF = 84) and the 'obscurus' form of M. arvalis (MAO) (2n = 46, NF = 72) (Orlov and Malygin, 1969, quoted after: Malygin, 1983; the parapatric distribution of these forms was proven later (Golenischev et al., 2001;Lavrenchenko et al., 2009;Bulatova et al., 2010;Baskevich et al., 2012;Baskevich et al., 2016). It is necessary to note that the two latter forms are considered not only 46-chromosome forms but separate species M. arvalis and M. obscurus Eversmann, 1841, Altai vole (Musser and Carleton, 2005), semispecies (Lavrenchenko et al., 2009), or species in statu nescendi (Malygin et al., 2010, quoted from Malygin et al., 2020. ...
... and their contact and hybridization zone is located in eastern Europe. Fragments of the hybrid zone have been identified in the Upper Volga Region (Golenischev et al., 2001;Lavrenchenko et al., 2009;Bulatova et al., 2010a,b;Baskevich et al., 2016) and in the interfluve area of the Volga and Don Rivers within the Central Black Earth Region (Baskevich et al., 2012). Olenii Wildlife Park, located in the northwestern part of Lipetsk oblast, constitutes a part of this region, too. ...
... (Обыкновенная полёвка, 1994; Мейер и др., 1996), а для M. arvails формы «arvalis» (MAA) с установленным европейским и для M. arvalis формы «obscurus» (MAO)евразийским распространением (Малыгин, 1983; Мейер и др., 1996 и др.) в Восточной Европе обнаружен их контакт и гибридизация. Участки гибридной зоны найдены в Верхнем Поволжье Bulatova et al., 2010 a, b;Baskevich et al., 2016) и в междуречье Волги и Дона на территории Центрального Черноземья (Баскевич и др., 2012). К последнему региону относится и, расположенный в северо-западной части Липецкой области, Природный парк «Олений». ...
Priority data are presented on the chromosomal (routine, C-banding) and molecular (cyt b, p53) marking of several (n = 19) individuals of common vole sibling species from three previously not studied localities in the Central Black Earth region, at the territory of the Deer Natural Park (Lipetsk Region, Krasninsky District). All individuals caught on the territory of the Deer Natural Park in the northwestern part of the Lipetsk Region were identified by both genetic markers as M. arvalis form “arvalis” (MAA). No representatives of other M. arvalis s. l. sibling species, including recombinants, were found in our samples. The geographical location of the M. arvalis form “arvalis” found by us was estimated with respect to the distribution boundaries and hybridization sites of the 46-chromosome forms of M. arvalis s. l. in the Central Black Earth region. It is shown that the studied individuals have been caught within the range of the Microtus form “arvalis” and are largely removed from the hybridization sites of the 46-chromosomal forms M. arvalis s. l., discovered earlier in the southern Lipetsk region and the southeastern Kursk Region. No M. rossiaemeridionalis in the examined sample from the Deer Natural Park were found. The correspondence between the samples studied and identified as the M. arvalis form “arvalis” from the Deer Natural Park and native meadow biotopes is shown. The data of determining the taxonomic status of M. arvalis s. l. individuals from the Deer Natural Park are consistent with our perceptions of the nature of the geographical distribution and biotopic correspondence of M. arvalis s. l. sibling species and the chromosomal forms on the territory of the Central Black Earth region.
... In terms of M. arvalis (obscurus cytotype) diploid chromosome number, this study was similar to previously conducted (Zima and Král, 1984;Kefelioğlu, 1995;Yorulmaz et al., 2013) studies. However, due to pericentric inversion, NFa number can differ (Gileva and Rakitin, 2006;Baskevich et al., 2016). Due to pericentric inversion, there may be one pair of the heteromorphic chromosome (subtelocentric and acrocentric) in autosomal chromosome set of obscurus cytotype (Gileva and Rakitin, 2006;Yorulmaz et al., 2013;Baskevich et al., 2016). ...
... However, due to pericentric inversion, NFa number can differ (Gileva and Rakitin, 2006;Baskevich et al., 2016). Due to pericentric inversion, there may be one pair of the heteromorphic chromosome (subtelocentric and acrocentric) in autosomal chromosome set of obscurus cytotype (Gileva and Rakitin, 2006;Yorulmaz et al., 2013;Baskevich et al., 2016). In this study, (chromosome no: 5) and in Kefelioğlu (1995)'s study conducted in Turkish populations, heterozygote chromosome was not found in the obtained autosomal chromosome set. ...
... In this study, (chromosome no: 5) and in Kefelioğlu (1995)'s study conducted in Turkish populations, heterozygote chromosome was not found in the obtained autosomal chromosome set. However, Heteromorphic chromosome was found in the Artvin (Turkey) sample (Yorulmaz et al., 2013).While X chromosome is metacentric in obscurus cytotype (Zima and Král, 1984;Kozlovskii et al., 1988;Kefelioğlu 1995;Tougard et al., 2013;Yorulmaz et al., 2013;Baskevich et al., 2016), variations can be seen in the centromere position of Y chromosome (Baskevich, 1996). While Y chromosome was found to be acrocentric in a study conducted in Turkey by Kefelioğlu (1995) and in Chinese by Tougard et al., (2013), it is metacentric in the present study. ...
Conventionally stained and C-banded karyotypes of Guenther's vole (Microtus guentheri), Major's pine vole (Microtus majori) and Common vole (Microtus arvalis) were studied from Turkey. Diploid chromosome numbers of M. guentheri, M. arvalis and M. majori were found as 2n=54 and NFa=52, 2n=46 and NFa=68 and 2n=54 and NFa=56, respectively. All chromosomes of M. guentheri were pericentromeric C-band. In Microtus arvalis (obscurus cytotype) and Microtus majori karyotypes, autosomal chromosomes were heterochromatin C band positive and negative band. In M. arvalis (obscurus cytotype), sex chromosome was C band negative. In this study, heterozygote chromosome was not found in the obtained autosomal chromosome set of M. arvalis. M. majori has enlarged heterochromatin block from centromere to telomere on the long arm of X chromosome. Y chromosome was completely heterochromatin. ÖZET Bu çalışmada, Güentheri tarla faresi (Microtus guentheri), Kısa kulaklı kır faresi (Microtus majori) ve Yaygın tarla faresi (Microtus arvalis) türlerinin standart karyotipleri ve kromozomların C-bant özellikleri belirlendi. M. guentheri türünün diploid kromozom sayısı (2n) = 54 ve otozomal kromozomların kol sayısı (NFa) = 52, M. arvalis (obscurus sitotip) türünün 2n = 46 ve NFa = 68, M.majori türünün 2n = 54 ve NFa = 56 şeklindedir. M. guentheri otozomal ve eşey kromozomlarda pericentromerik C-bant olduğu belirlendi. Microtus arvalis (obscurus sitotip) ve Microtus majori karyotiplerinde otozomal kromozomlar C bant pozitif ve negatif şeklindedir. M. arvalis türünde X ve Y kromozomu C bant negatif özelliktedir. M. majori karyotipinde X kromozomunun uzun kolunda sentromerden telomere doğru genişlemiş heterokromatin blok bulunmaktadır. Y kromozomu ise tamamen heterokromatindir.
... Nevertheless, the species in which chromosomal polymorphism is constantly recorded in populations are rare [12]. Intra-and interpopulation variability is usually associated with pericentric inversions [14,[21][22][23][24][25][26], although for some species, polymorphism was observed for other rearrangements, such as Robertsonian fusions or redistribution of heterochromatic material in both autosomes and sex chromosomes [11,12,[27][28][29]. ...
In the present study, on the basis of cytogenetic and molecular genetic (mtDNA control region) analysis, genetic variability of the Muya valley vole, Alexandromys mujanensis, an endemic of Buryatia and the northwest of Zabaykalsky krai, was assessed. Three isolated valley vole populations from the Muisko-Kuandinskaya and Barguzinskaya depressions, as well as the Baunt Lake valley, were examined. Polymorphism in the number of autosomal arms (NFa = 46–49) with a stable number of chromosomes (2n = 38), determined by morphological variability of four pairs of autosomes (MMUJ2, MMUJ7, MMUJ8, and MMUJ14), rather than two, as previously thought, was revealed. To date, for the Muya valley vole, ten karyotype variants have been identified. It seems likely that chromosomal rearrangements (pericentric inversions, as well as two variants of fusion of acrocentric chromosome pairs, i.e., centromeric-centromeric and centromeric-telomeric), which led to variability in autosome morphology in the populations of the Muya valley vole, are not harmful. Analysis of the mtDNA control region revealed high haplotype and nucleotide diversity for the species as a whole, while in the valley vole samples from the Dzherginsky Nature Reserve (Barguzinskaya Depression) and the Baunt lake valley, nucleotide diversity was reduced compared to the sample from the Muisko-Kuandinskaya Depression. Despite the fact that each of the studied populations has a unique composition of chromosomal rearrangements and mtDNA haplotypes, higher similarity between the populations of the Muisko-Kuandinskaya Depression and the populations of the Baunt lake valley can still be suggested.
... It prefers to live in places with high and dense herbaceous or grassy vegetation, hedgerows, and stands of reeds and it avoids short-grass meadows and dry areas (Kryštufek and Vohralík 2005;Aulagnier et al. 2009;Kryštufek 2017). The distribution range of the Eastern European vole, to date, extends from southern Finland, the Baltic eastwards to western Siberia with patches in the southern Urals, the Novosibirsk suburbs to the southwest margin of Lake Baikal and Buryatia, the southern Caucasus, northern Iran to Turkey, connecting to Greece and the majority of the Balkan Peninsula to Ukraine (Baskevich 1996;Gileva et al. 1996;Yakimenko and Kryukov 1997;Musser and Carleton 2005;Shenbrot and Krasnov 2005;Pavlova and Tchabovsky 2011;Ghorbani et al. 2015;Baskevich et al. 2016;Kryštufek 2017;Moroldoev et al. 2017). ...
... In summary, our estimations are more similar with other esti- mates based on fossil calibration points (albeit slightly higher) than with estimations based on mutation rates (see Table 2). Focusing on the most studied species, M. arvalis, we estimate its time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) as 0.490 Mya, Tougard et al. (2008) It is not easy to judge which values are realistic, but our estimates seem to be compatible with other phylogenetic studies (e.g., Mazurok et al. 2001;Bannikova et al. 2010) and the fossil record (e.g., Cuenca-Bescós et al. 2001;Markova et al. 2012). Based on this compatibility, we adhere to the values of our estimations. ...
The Eastern European vole ( Microtusmystacinus ) is an arvicoline rodent distributed across northern and eastern Europe, the Balkans, Turkey, Armenia, NW and N Iran, Russia as far east as the Tobol River in W Siberia, and W and N Kazakhstan. We present a novel records from eastern Kazakhstan (the village of Dzhambul – 49°14'21.3"N, 86°18'29.9"E and the village of Sekisovka – 50°21'9.18"N, 82°35'46.5"E) based on mtDNA and we discuss implications of this findings on biogeography of eastern Kazakhstan populations. Marine Isotope Stage 11 is considered an important period for the diversification of the arvalis species group. In the context of our study, it is important to analyse genetically discontinuous Siberian populations, and the current distribution of Microtusmystacinus in new localities in eastern Kazakhstan.
A new protocol for the identification of two sibling species of voles Microtus arvalis and M. rossiaemeridionalis was proposed by electrophoresis of blood proteins in polyacrylamide gel (PAGE). Animals captured in ten districts of Moscow, Kaluga, and Samara oblasts and Moscow natural territories (1030 individuals), as well as those taken from vivarium collections (five hybrids of the two species), were studied. A comparison of electrophoresis in PAGE, agarose gel, and cellulose acetate plates was carried out. The use of different organs and tissues for species identification was assessed. The relative electrophoretic mobility and the mass of a species-specific blood protein of the southern vole were determined.
