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Karyotype analysis of fertilized embryo-derived and parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from C3H mice. Karyotypes of fertilized embryo-derived (A, B) and parthenogenetic (C, D) ESCs are normal. The sex chromosomes are identified as XX, consistent with the derivation of both types of ESCs from female mice.
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Parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells have pluripotent differentiation potentials, akin to fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. The aim of this study was to compare the neuronal differentiation potential of parthenogenetic and fertilized embryo-derived embryonic stem cells. Before differentiation, karyotype analysis was performed, with no...
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Citations
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degrading autoimmune disorder mainly targeting the central nervous system, leading to progressive neurodegeneration, demyelination, and axonal damage. Current treatment options for MS are limited in efficacy, generally linked to adverse side effects, and do not offer a cure. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for MS, potentially promoting remyelination, exerting immunomodulatory effects and protecting against neurodegeneration. Therefore, this review article focussed on the potential of nano-engineering in stem cells as a therapeutic approach for MS, focusing on the synergistic effects of combining stem cell biology with nanotechnology to stimulate the proliferation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) from neural stem cells and OL precursor cells, by manipulating neural signalling pathways-PDGF, BMP, Wnt, Notch and their essential genes such as Sox, bHLH, Nkx. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of MS, the use of various types of stem cells in MS treatment and their mechanisms of action. In the context of nanotechnology, we present an overview of its applications in the medical and research field and discuss different methods and materials used to nano-engineer stem cells, including surface modification, biomaterials and scaffolds, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. We further elaborate on nano-engineered stem cell techniques, such as nano script, nano-exosome hybrid, nano-topography and their potentials in MS. The article also highlights enhanced homing, engraftment, and survival of nano-engineered stem cells, targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects with their challenges and limitations.
Graphical Abstract
This visual illustration depicts the process of utilizing nano-engineering in stem cells and exosomes for the purpose of delivering more accurate and improved treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This approach targets specifically the creation of oligodendrocytes, the breakdown of which is the primary pathological factor in MS.
BACKGROUND: Specific mechanism of stem cell transplantation for treatment of myocardial infarction has been not very clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of H2O2-pretreated mouse embryonic stem cells in vitro for treatment of myocardial infarction. METHODS: Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice, 9 weeks old, were randomized into myocardial infarction group, embryonic stem cells group, H2O2 pretreatment group, with eight mice in each group, which were respectively injected 150 μL PBS, 150 μL embryonic stem cells (1×106), and 150 μL H2O2-pretreated embryonic stem cells (1×106) at 1 week after modeling. At 3 weeks after transplantation, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic inner diameter and left ventricular ejection fraction of mice in each group were measured by ultrasound. Myocardial collagen content was detected by Sirius red staining and the average collagen volume fraction was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the myocardial infarction group, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic inner diameter were significantly decreased in the embryonic stem cells group and H2O2 pretreatment group, while the left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Heart weight/body weight, left ventricular weight/body weight, and average collagen volume fraction were significantly lower in the embryonic stem cells group and H2O2 pretreatment group than the myocardial infarction group (P < 0.05). Therefore, in vitro H2O2 pretreatment enhances reduce the post-myocardial infarction myocardial fibrosis and greatly improve heart function. © 2015, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All Rights Reserved.
