Fig 8 - uploaded by Ji-Chuan Kang
Content may be subject to copyright.
Karstenula rhodostoma (PH 01048835, holotype of Sphaeria rhodostoma). a-b Herbarium packet and specimen. c. Ascomata on substrate. d Section thought ascoma. e Asci arrangement. f Close up of the peridium. g Hamathecium comprising cellular pseudoparaphyses. h-i
Source publication
The ascomycetous families, Didymosphaeriaceae and Montagnulaceae, have been treated in Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes, and both include saprobes, endophytes and pathogens associated with a wide variety of substrates worldwide. Didymosphaeriaceae was characterized by 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the...
Contexts in source publication
Similar publications
Promputtha I, McKenzie EHC, Tennakoon DS, Lumyong S, Hyde KD 2019-Succession and natural occurrence of saprobic fungi on leaves of Berchemia floribunda (climber) and their association with Magnolia liliifera (host). Abstract Fungal succession on various plants from different regions of the world have been well-studied, however there has been no rep...
Citations
... The Didymosphaeriaceae represents a well-supported clade within the Massarineae (Tanaka et al. 2015;Yuan et al. 2020). Ariyawansa et al. (2014) synonymized Montagnulaceae under Didymosphaeriaceae, accommodating 39 genera including our new genus Agrorhizomycota (Wijayawardene et al. 2014(Wijayawardene et al. , 2022Liu et al. 2022Tanaka et al. 2015Wanasinghe et al. 2016;Yuan et al. 2020, Ren et al. 2022). More than two third of the genera in the family were introduced based on their sexual morphs. ...
In this study, we investigated two distinct new phylogenetic lineages of root-colonizing dark septate endophytic fungi colonizing wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) roots from a long-term agricultural experimental site in Hungary. According to four-locus (internal transcribed spacer, partial large and small subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha) phylogenetic analyses, the isolates belong to the Lentitheciaceae and Didymosphaeriaceae of the Pleosporales ( Dothideomycetes ). We studied the morphology and culture characteristics of the strains. We carried out in vitro resynthesis pot experiments with their original hosts and found no overall negative effect of the inoculation with different isolates of the new taxa. One of the lineages belonged to the genus Poaceascoma ( Lentitheciaceae ) and represented a novel species described here as Poaceascoma zborayi . We could describe conidia-like structures from this species. Isolates of the other lineage represented a monotypic novel genus in the Didymosphaeriaceae . Accordingly, the new genus, Agrorhizomyces , represented by the species A. patris , is introduced. Sterile, globose structures resembling immature sporocarps were detected. Sequence similarity searches indicated that P. zborayi might be widely distributed, while no sequence similar to A. patris was found outside the sampling area.
... Shading of tiles indicates the abundance of each genus within each sample, from low abundance (turquoise blue) to high abundance (red). material (Ariyawansa et al. 2014). The morphology of Karstenula ascospores and conidia did not match that of the currently unidentified fungus observed within P. maydis perithecia. ...
Tar spot, a disease caused by the ascomycete fungal pathogenPhyllachora maydis, is considered one of the most significant yield-limiting diseases of maize (Zea mays) within the United States. P. maydis may also be found in association with other fungi, forming a disease complex that is thought to result in the characteristic fisheye lesions. Understanding how P. maydis colonizes maize leaf cells is essential for developing effective disease control strategies. Here, we used histological approaches to elucidate how P. maydis infects and multiplies within susceptible maize leaves. We collected tar spot-infected maize leaf samples from four differentfields in northern Indiana at three different time points during the growingseason. Samples were chemically fixed and paraffin-embedded for high-resolution light and scanning electron microscopy. We observed a consistent pattern of disease progression in independent leaf samples collected across different geographical regions. Each stroma contained a central pycnidium that produced asexual spores. Perithecia with sexual spores developed in the stomatal chambers adjacent to the pycnidium, and a cap of spores formed over the stroma. P. maydis reproductive structures are formed around, not within, the vasculature. We observed P. maydis associated with two additional fungi, one of which is likely a member of the Paraphaeosphaeriagenus; the other is an unknown fungus. Our data provide fundamental insights into how this pathogen colonizes and spreads within maize leaves. This knowledge can inform new approaches to managing tar spots, which could help mitigate the significant economic losses caused by this disease.
... In addition, the basepair differences in LSU of Neopalmiascoma macadamiae to Palmiascoma gregariascomum (MFLUCC 11-0175) are 1.96% (16 bp out of 818 bp). Thus, it is difficult to distinguish them based on morphological traits alone, so we introduce Neopalmiascoma as a new genus within Bambusicolaceae based on both morphology and multigene phylogeny (Zhang et al. 2012, Hyde et al. 2013, Ariyawansa et al. 2014, Liu et al. 2015. ...
Macadamia integrifolia, one of the cash crops widely grown in the tropical and subtropical regions produces edible kernels with high oil content. Several fungal pathogens have been reported from this host, but very few studies on saprobic fungi have been carried out. As a part of our studies on saprobic fungi of edible nuts, dead branches of Macadamia integrifolia with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Yunnan Province of China. Molecular analyses of combined SSU, ITS, LSU, RPB2, and TEF1-α sequence data showed that our collection belongs to Bambusicolaceae and forms a distinct branch with other genera in this family. Our collection fits well with the Bambusicolaceae, and morphology is similar to Palmiascoma but can be distinguished by molecular data. Therefore, we introduce our collection as Neopalmiascoma gen. nov., with N. macadamiae as the type species. A description, photo plate, and phylogenetic tree to show the taxonomic placement of the new species are provided.
... The reverse side of the colonies black to greenish-olivaceous. Notes. This fungus shares morphological characters similar to Neokalmusia in having immersed ascomata, a clypeus-like structure composed of thin-walled cells and verrucose ascospores Ariyawansa et al. 2014b). Other than Neokalmusia karka, only two species, N. arundinis Thambug. ...
Pleosporales comprise a diverse group of fungi with a global distribution and significant ecological importance. A survey on Pleosporales (in Didymosphaeriaceae, Roussoellaceae and Nigrogranaceae) in Guizhou Province, China, was conducted. Specimens were identified, based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using a dataset composed of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef 1 and rpb 2 loci. Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian analyses were performed. As a result, three new species ( Neokalmusia karka , Nigrograna schinifolium and N. trachycarpus ) have been discovered, along with two new records for China ( Roussoella neopustulans and R. doimaesalongensis ) and a known species ( Roussoella pseudohysterioides ). Morphologically similar species and phylogenetically close taxa are compared and discussed. This study provides detailed information and descriptions of all newly-identified taxa.
... Didymosphaeriaceae Munk, Dansk botanisk Arkiv 15 (2): 128 (1953) For taxonomic treatment of this family, we follow Ariyawansa et al. (2014), Hongsanan et al. (2020 and Wijayawardene et al. (2022). ...
... Notes: Neokalmusia was established to accommodate N. brevispora and N. scabrispora that were transferred from Kalmusia (Tanaka et al. 2005;Zhang et al. 2009c;Ariyawansa et al. 2014). Six species are currently accepted in the genus. ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... There are 33 genera accepted in this family based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses [2,3]. Species belonging to Didymosphaeriaceae have a wide geographical and host distribution and have different modes of nutrition, such as saprobic on plant litter, herbaceous stems, or in soil; endophytic on healthy leaves or twigs; and pathogenic on plants, animals, or humans [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. ...
Four stains were isolated from two fresh twigs of Helwingia himalaica and two dead woods during investigations of micro-fungi in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses of four gene regions LSU, ITS, SSU and tef1-α revealed the placement of these species in Montagnula. Based on the morphological examination and molecular data, two new species, M. aquatica and M. guiyangensis, and a known species M. donacina are described. Descriptions and illustrations of the new collections and a key to the Montagnula species are provided. Montagnula chromolaenicola, M. puerensis, M. saikhuensis, and M. thailandica are discussed and synonymized under M. donacina.
... Using morphological traits, the conidial wall of D. variabile was smooth to finely verruculose and its pycnidia were significantly larger than those of P. kelleni (Damm et al. 2008, Wang et al. 2021; moreover, the peridium of the genus Didy mosphaeria is composed of cells of textura intricata, unlike P. kelleni that has textura angularis (Ariyawansa et al. 2014). Conidia of P. hawaiiensis are much larger than those of P. kelleni; the conidiomata are eustromatic in P. salinum and P. hakeae, unlike in P. kelleni (Wang et al. 2021). ...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Argentina , Colletotrichum araujiae on leaves, stems and fruits of Araujia hortorum . Australia , Agaricus pateritonsus on soil, Curvularia fraserae on dying leaf of Bothriochloa insculpta , Curvularia millisiae from yellowing leaf tips of Cyperus aromaticus , Marasmius brunneolorobustus on well-rotted wood, Nigrospora cooperae from necrotic leaf of Heteropogon contortus , Penicillium tealii from the body of a dead spider, Pseudocercospora robertsiorum from leaf spots of Senna tora , Talaromyces atkinsoniae from gills of Marasmius crinis-equi and Zasmidium pearceae from leaf spots of Smilax glyciphylla . Brazil , Preussia bezerrensis from air. Chile , Paraconiothyrium kelleni from the rhizosphere of Fragaria chiloensis subsp. chiloensis f. chiloensis . Finland , Inocybe udicola on soil in mixed forest with Betula pendula , Populus tremula , Picea abies and Alnus incana . France , Myrmecridium normannianum on dead culm of unidentified Poaceae . Germany , Vexillomyces fraxinicola from symptomless stem wood of Fraxinus excelsior . India , Diaporthe limoniae on infected fruit of Limonia acidissima , Didymella naikii on leaves of Cajanus cajan , and Fulvifomes mangroviensis on basal trunk of Aegiceras corniculatum . Indonesia , Penicillium ezekielii from Zea mays kernels. Namibia , Neocamarosporium calicoremae and Neocladosporium calicoremae on stems of Calicorema capitata , and Pleiochaeta adenolobi on symptomatic leaves of Adenolobus pechuelii . Netherlands , Chalara pteridii on stems of Pteridium aquilinum , Neomackenziella juncicola (incl. Neomackenziella gen. nov.) and Sporidesmiella junci from dead culms of Juncus effusus . Pakistan , Inocybe longistipitata on soil in a Quercus forest. Poland , Phytophthora viadrina from rhizosphere soil of Quercus robur , and Septoria krystynae on leaf spots of Viscum album . Portugal (Azores) , Acrogenospora stellata on dead wood or bark. South Africa , Phyllactinia greyiae on leaves of Greyia sutherlandii and Punctelia anae on bark of Vachellia karroo . Spain , Anteaglonium lusitanicum on decaying wood of Prunus lusitanica subsp. lusitanica , Hawksworthiomyces riparius from fluvial sediments, Lophiostoma carabassense endophytic in roots of Limbarda crithmoides , and Tuber mohedanoi from calcareus soils. Spain (Canary Islands) , Mycena laurisilvae on stumps and woody debris. Sweden , Elaphomyces geminus from soil under Quercus robur . Thailand , Lactifluus chiangraiensis on soil under Pinus merkusii , Lactifluus nakhonphanomensis and Xerocomus sisongkhramensis on soil under Dipterocarpus trees. Ukraine , Valsonectria robiniae on dead twigs of Robinia hispida . USA , Spiralomyces americanus (incl. Spiralomyces gen. nov.) from office air. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.
... Notes: Paraconiothyrium is a diverse genus, which was introduced by Verkley et al. (2004). Members of this genus play a crucial function as saprobes on dead plants, particularly dead wood, and occasionally on dead leaves (Verkley et al., 2004;Hyde et al., 2013;Ariyawansa et al., 2014b;Hongsanan et al., 2020;Boonmee et al., 2021). In addition, since the species has been found in both temperate and tropical countries (e.g., Australia, China, India, Iran, Laos, Myanmar, Poland, Thailand, the United States, and Uzbekistan), Paraconiothyrium appears to have a global distribution (Verkley et al., 2004(Verkley et al., , 2014Budziszewska et al., 2011;Ariyawansa et al., 2014bAriyawansa et al., , 2020Crous et al., 2017;Gafforov, 2017;Hongsanan et al., 2020;Boonmee et al., 2021). ...
... Members of this genus play a crucial function as saprobes on dead plants, particularly dead wood, and occasionally on dead leaves (Verkley et al., 2004;Hyde et al., 2013;Ariyawansa et al., 2014b;Hongsanan et al., 2020;Boonmee et al., 2021). In addition, since the species has been found in both temperate and tropical countries (e.g., Australia, China, India, Iran, Laos, Myanmar, Poland, Thailand, the United States, and Uzbekistan), Paraconiothyrium appears to have a global distribution (Verkley et al., 2004(Verkley et al., , 2014Budziszewska et al., 2011;Ariyawansa et al., 2014bAriyawansa et al., , 2020Crous et al., 2017;Gafforov, 2017;Hongsanan et al., 2020;Boonmee et al., 2021). Paraconiothyrium has diverse morphology characteristics, such as eustromatic to pycnidial conidiomata, phialidic or annelidic conidiogenous cells, and hyaline to brown conidia (Verkley et al., 2004(Verkley et al., , 2014. ...
... Subsequently, C. fuckelii was synonymized under Paraconiothyrium by De Gruyter et al. (2006), based on morphology combined with phylogeny data. The morphological characteristics of our collection (MFLU 18-2605) resemble previously introduced authentic P. fuckelii isolates in having pycnidial, immersed, light brown to dark brown, globose to sub-globose conidiomata, ampulliform to globose, holoblastic conidiogenous cells and sub-globose to ellipsoid or obovoid, hyaline to light brown, aseptate conidia (Ariyawansa et al., 2014b;Verkley et al., 2014). Multi-gene phylogeny also directs that our collection (MFLU 18-2605) groups with other P. fuckelii isolates in a highly supported clade (97% ML, 0.99 BYPP, Figure 4). ...
Fungal taxonomy has a long history and changed significantly in the last few decades. Most recent studies have witnessed morphology combined with DNA-based molecular analyses as the main research tool for fungal species identification. During field surveys, some interesting Didymosphaeriaceae species were found from plant litter in China and Thailand. Morphology combined with phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian and maximum likelihood) of ITS, LSU, SSU, tef1-α, and tub2 loci was used to identify fungal taxa. In this article, three new species and six new host records are described. The new species, Montagnula acaciae, Paraconiothyrium zingiberacearum, and Paraphaeosphaeria brachiariae, can be distinguished from other species of the respective genera based on their distinct size differences (ascomata, asci, and ascospores) and DNA sequence data. The new host records, Montagnula jonesii, Paraconiothyrium fuckelii, Spegazzinia deightonii, and S. tessarthra are reported from Ficus benjamina, Dimocarpus longan, Hedychium coronarium, and Acacia auriculiformis respectively, for the first time. Also, Paraconiothyrium archidendri and P. brasiliense are reported for the first time from Magnolia sp. in China. Moreover, Paraconiothyrium rosae is synonymized under P. fuckelii based on close phylogeny affinities and morphological characteristics. In-depth morphological descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic trees are provided to show the placement of new taxa.
... The genus is characterized by globose or sub-globose, black ascomata with flattened apices, and rounded pore-like ostioles. Pseudoparaphyses are cellular and septate; asci are 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, and cylindrical with short furcate pedicels; ascospores are muriform, ellipsoid-to-fusoid, reddish-brown-to-dark-brown and constricted at the septa [31]. The asexual morph was described by Constantinescu [98] as pycnidial, globose conidioma; enteroblastic, phialidic, determinate, ampulliform-to-doliiform or cylindric-to-ampulliform conidiogenous cells; cylindric, yellow-to-golden-brown conidia with one septate. ...
... The present paper identified five Montagnula isolates from woody plant litter in the GMS. Montagnula species are characterized by globose or spherical, immersed ascomata with a clypeus, claviform asci, and fusoid or ellipsoid ascospores with transverse septa and one or more longitudinal septa [31]. . Ascospores 14-16 × 4.5-6 µm (x = 14.5 × 5 µm, n = 30), overlapping uni-to bi-seriate, hyaline or yellowish, straight-to-slightly curved, aseptate or 1-septate, guttulate when immature and becoming brown-to-dark-brown when mature, 2-celled, fusiform, rounded ends, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, with slightly pointed upper cell and rounded lower cell, straight to slightly curved, smooth-walled, guttulate, without sheaths or appendages. ...
... Karstenula is an ambiguous genus that exhibits morphological similarities with different families [29,31]. Usually, the sexual morph of Karstenula was thought to be characterized by having cylindrical or clavate asci, and brown ascospores with transverse septa and sparse longitudinal septate as dominant characters [31]. ...
The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) is known as a diverse geographic landscape and one of the richest biodiversity hotspots in the world with a high fungal diversity. Collections were carried out in terrestrial habitats to determine the diversity of woody litter fungi in the GMS, with an emphasis on northern Thailand and the Yunnan Province of China. Morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses of combined SSU, LSU, ITS, and tef1-α supported the placement of the new isolates in the family Didymosphaeriaceae. The phylogenetic affinities of our isolates are illustrated through maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Seven species of woody litter fungi were identified, comprising a new monotypic genus, Septofusispora; five novel species (Chromolaenicola sapindi, Dictyoarthrinium thailandicum, Karstenula lancangensis, Septofusispora thailandica, and Spegazzinia jinghaensis); and new host records of two species (Austropleospora archidendri, and Montagnula donacina). Furthermore, this study provides a synopsis of the Montagnula aff. donacina species based on their morphological characteristics, which can be useful in the species-level identifications in this genus.
