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Decision makers and other users of simulations need to know quantified simulation credibility to make simulation-based critical decisions and effectively use simulations, respectively. The credibility of a simulation is quantified by its accuracy in terms of uncertainty, and the responsibility of establishing credibility lies with the creator of th...
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... validation has other issues, namely: multi-dimensional problems are often difficult to solve; simulations could be non-deterministic; the possibility of achieving either an erred simulation or a non-converging simulation during mesh refinement for simulation verification (for example, see Reference 22); available computing capability may not be sufficient; the mathematical model may include multiple physics models; or numerical methods may also impact simulated physics and modify the effect of or interact with physics model(s) used in simulation. Examples of the last two issues are: multiple physics models in a single simulation problem (see Figure 3); and methods of uncertainty propagation may impact the physics simulated with the simulation model. Moreover, it is often hard to disaggregate modeling errors from different physics models and from nonphysical (numerical) models that impact physics. ...
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