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KPFM images for perovskite film on bare ND‐B‐TiO2: a) under the dark condition, b) under the light condition, and c) CPD. KPFM images for perovskite film on PCBM@ND‐B‐TiO2: d) under the dark condition, e) under light condition, and f) CPD. g) Steady‐state PL spectra. h) TRPL spectra of perovskite films based on the two kinds of ETLs. i) 1/C² versus applied voltage plots (Mott–Schottky).
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Hole transport layer (HTL)‐free carbon electrode‐based perovskite solar cells (C‐PSCs) have drawn great attention due to their excellent stability and simple fabrication process. However, the photovoltaic parameters of C‐PSCs usually exhibit large negative temperature coefficients (TCs). Herein, the TCs of C‐PSCs can be suppressed by enhancing elec...
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The elimination of methylammonium (MA) cation from mixed tin–lead (Sn–Pb) narrow‐bandgap (NBG) perovskites is an effective approach to enhance the operational stability of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs). Unfortunately, the uncontrolled nucleation and crystallization processes of MA‐free Sn–Pb perovskites usually lead to inferior film qual...
Chloride–iodide perovskites have received substantial interest due to their better photovoltaic performance compared to pure iodide ones. The superior properties of chloride–iodide perovskites boost photovoltaic performance. However, quantifying the Cl composition in perovskite films remains challenging. Hence, it is not easy to correlate the Cl qu...
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Improving the role of electron-transport layers (ETLs) in carbon-based perovskite solar cells (CPSCs) is a promising method to increase their photovoltaic efficiency. Herein, we employed rGO sheets decorated with ZrO2 nanoparticles to increase the electron transport capability of mesoporous TiO2 ETLs. We found that the rGO/ZrO2 dopant enhanced the conductivity of the ETL, reducing the charge-transfer resistance at the ETL/perovskite interface and reducing charge recombination in the corresponding CPSCs. Notably, this dopant did not effectively change the transparency of ETLs, while increasing the light-harvesting ability of their own top perovskite layer by improving the crystallinity of the perovskite layer. The rGO/ZrO2-containing ETLs produced a champion efficiency of 15.21%, while devices with a net ETL recorded a maximum efficiency of 11.88%. In addition, the modified devices showed a higher stability behavior against ambient air than the net devices, which was linked to the passivated grain boundaries of the modified perovskite layers along with the improved hydrophobicity.
Halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit commercialization potential, but long-term stability still must be addressed. Among various products of perovskite decomposition, iodine species are of considerable concern due to their high vapor pressure and corrosive nature. To address this, a small-molecule hole transport layer (HTL), 4,4′,4″-tris[(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), is used; mixing it with molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) p-dopes the layer and slows iodine permeation. We demonstrate that m-MTDATA:MoO3 HTLs employed in PSCs improve stability under both thermal and voltage bias stress compared to devices with a conventional doped 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) HTL.
Lead‐free 2D antimony‐based halide perovskites with excellent optoelectronic properties, low toxicity, and good intrinsic stability are promising for photovoltaic devices. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of antimony‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is still lower than 3% due to the poor crystallinity and random orientation. Herein, it is found that the Cs3Sb2ClxI9‐x films prepared by adding methylamine chloride as an additive to the precursor solution can form a mixed intermediate phase with 0D dimer phase and 2D layered phase after low pressure treatment. During the annealing process, the 0D dimer phase will completely transition to 2D layered phase due to the partial replacement of I by Cl. Compared to adding SbCl3 directly, this method considerably increases the crystallinity of Cs3Sb2IxCl9‐x films. The obtained films have a preferential orientation along the (201) direction, which is beneficial for charge carrier transportation. Consequently, the champion device shows a PCE of 3.2%, which is one of the highest efficiencies achieved for inorganic Sb‐based PSCs with the n‐i‐p architecture to date.
Temperature is one of the most crucial outdoor variables that influence the photovoltaic performance and stability of carbon perovskite solar cells (CPSCs), although not many reports are there on temperature-dependent CPSCs performance based on various mesoscopic structures. This study demonstrates the temperature coefficient (TC) of carbon-based triple and double mesoscopic devices having MAPICL [MAPbI3-xClx] and CSFAMA [Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3] to understand the performance compatibility of different CPSC configurations despite the thermal treatment (MA= methylammonium, FA= formamidinium). While treating a single device in the range of 5 to 65 °C, MAPICL-based CPSC maintained a PCE of ~9 to 11.7%. In contrast, CSFAMA-based double mesoscopic devices showed a PCE variation of ~14 to 16% in the same temperature window. The interesting fact of this analysis is that the average TC values for MAPICL and CSFAMA are in the order of 10-4, implying better retention of performance for both mesoscopic devices despite thermal stress. A photoluminescence analysis has been done to understand the temperature-dependent charge transfer properties between the perovskite and transport layer. To the best of our knowledge, this analysis, for the first time, provides insight into the temperature coefficient of different CPSC mesoscopic structures to promote suitable future development.
Imidazolium‐based ionic liquids have been established as promising candidates for additives in perovskite solar cells. In this work, 1‐(1‐ethyl‐3‐imidazolium)propane‐3‐sulfonate (EIMS) zwitterionic ionic liquid was studied as additive to enhance the performance of the FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells. The addition of EIMS lead to the generation of porous PbI2 film, which promoted the reaction of PbI2 with FAI solution and thus improved the quality of FAPbI3 perovskite film during the two‐step sequential spin‐coating. It was revealed that EIMS accelerated the extraction of electron, inhibited the formation of pinhole and reduced the defect density, which led to an increased efficiency of 22.1%. The hysteresis index was also reduced from 0.142 to 0.009, which indicated the addition of EIMS could realize a negligible hysteresis behavior in the solar cells. Moreover, devices prepared with EIMS retained above 96% of the original PCE value after being stored in dry air for 45 days. All these results demonstrate that the imidazolium‐based zwitterionic ionic liquid additive strategy is a promising way for high performance perovskite solar cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
