Joule heating effect at notch tip.

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... Joule heating effect is an electro-thermal coupling phenomenon. According to past studies [1][2][3][4][5][6], under the electric load, the electric concentration, Joule heating and local hot spot exist at the crack/notch tip in the conductive material. In Fig. 1, the electric current density concentrates at the notch tip and then a hot spot occurs. Under high electric energy, the local hot spot at the notch tip can melt and then a shrinking hole may produce. In the author's past studies [7,8], numerical and experimental results present the hot spot, melting area, solidification, shrinking hole ...

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... heat source at the notch tip is induced by the electric concentration and Joule heating. Figure 10. Hole size effects on von Mises stress In Fig. 9, the von Mises stresses at t = 0.3333 s and t = 0.4333 s are plotted. ...

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... t = 0.3333 s, the highest stress value is not rational because the melting material is not removed. However, it shows rational results when the shrinking hole is considered at t = 0.4333 s. Figure 10 shows the maximum von Mises stresses around the shrinking hole with K=0.5~1 when t = 0.4333 s. The stress value of K=0.5 is higher than others. ...

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... the results in Fig. 10, the smaller K, i.e. smaller shrinking hole, induces higher stress value. This phenomenon is due to the thermal deformation and stress. The condition of smaller K means that more material is kept around the shrinking hole and it makes higher thermal stress ...