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This paper is concerning how the technical study of the 145 MWac Cirata solar Floating construction was built on the cirata dam. The Cirata floating solar power plant development plan starts with the Renewable Energy Mix target set by the Indonesian government as stipulated in the National Electricity General Planning Document 2018-2037 with a targ...
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... Table 2 presents a promising outlook for Indonesia's future of renewable energy sources. Notably, there are ongoing projects, such as the Cirata Floating Solar Power Plant (PLN, 2021b), a 145 MW solar power facility initiated by the national electricity company (Sukmawan et al., 2021). Additionally, efforts to achieve this goal were made by implementing a progressive reduction of coal power plants and increased investments in renewable projects (PLN, 2021a). ...
... FSHyRE systems can tend to have negative impacts on the environment. FSHyRE systems can: (1) affect the local marine aquaculture due to the reduction in sunlight reaching the water's surface, (2) affect the fishing pattern, water transport, and other water-related activities, (3) (Ahmad & Alam, 2018;Puppala et al., 2022;Solomin et al., 2021;Sukmawan et al., 2021;Sun et al., 2018 lead to stratification less likely due to reduced temperature of water, (4) change the dissolved oxygen levels thereby, affecting the aquatic biodiversity, (5) adversely affect the water quality due to the metals placed at the bottom of the reservoir, (Renewable Energy Market Update, 2022) adversely affect naturally occurring phenomena such as food web, migration of birds, hunting diving birds, etc. As FSPV technology is new, so many aspects still need to be explored and are acting as challenges to the development of FSHyRE systems. ...
Present study aims to increase the effectiveness and penetration of innovative floating solar systems by exploring the potential for the development of floating solar PV-based hybrid renewable energy systems. Based on the review of reported research on multi-energy systems and taking into consideration the characteristics of floating solar PV system, different topologies are designed for the deployment of hybrid renewable energy installations to support the power grid and enhance system reliability. Critical design strategies such as site inspection, reservoir layout, water quality, solar irradiance, wind loading, and the existing hydropower infrastructure, required for assessment have been outlined. Feasibility analysis involving the techno-economic and environmental assessment of a typical floating solar-based hybrid renewable energy system is also discussed. To promote the deployment of floating solar-based hybrid renewable energy systems, actions such as strengthening knowledge, setting renewable targets, investing in research and development, and providing government support are needed. Merging new technologies such as artificial intelligence and virtual power plants with floating solar PV can create a more efficient system. The concept of a Smart Floating Farm that combines floating solar-based systems with farming can help address future food shortages due to climate change by 2050.
... Around 60 countries are developing floating PV plants with a total capacity of 2.6 GW in 2020 [18]. Indonesia is one of them, by constructing a 145 MWp floating PV plant in the Cirata dam in 2021 [19,20]. ...
... Indonesia aims to deploy more floating PV plants; however, studies analyzing solar energy potentials in Indonesia only focused on ground-mounted PV panels and rooftop solar PV [6,9] or the floating PV [20]. Only Untoro, Gunawan, Hidayanto, Perkasa and Wijaya [19] estimated the potentials of floating PV plants in Indonesia but their analysis was limited to 12 dams with surface area higher than 100 ha, which is suitable for a 100 MW floating PV plant. ...
Most countries mitigate climate alter impacts by deploying renewable energy to decarbonize their energy system. One of the emerging renewable energy options is the integration of floating photovoltaic (FPV) and hydropower. The FPV has higher efficiency and helps to reduce evaporation and offset hydropower production during the dry season. Conversely, hydropower can overcome intermittent solar production due to its flexibility. Our study aims to estimate the energy potentials from FPV plants and hydropower integrations in Indonesia. As result, the country has 5,807 potential reservoirs for FPV and 26 hydropower plants with a reservoir area with a potential utilization of more than 1 MW. Those sites are suitable for 3 GW floating power plants and 2.8 GW hydropower. And those sites can reduce CO2 emissions by 2,911,197 tonnes per year. 1. Introduction Indonesia commits to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector as stated in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) [1,2]. The clean energy measures include renewable energy development, energy efficiency improvement, and electric vehicles [3-5]. Silalahi et al [6] identified solar energy as the dominant energy source for Indonesia in the future among renewable energy sources. Yet, solar energy developments often conflict with land uses and prices [7]. Recently, the government encourages Indonesian to invest in rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) [8, 9]. However, Gunawan, Alifia and Fraser [10] predicted that rooftop solar PV is inadequate for achieving renewable energy and emission reduction targets. Hence, floating PV plants on lakes, reservoirs, and the sea are more promising for cultivating solar energy [6]. Floating PV plants, in contrary to other Photovoltaic systems, have no land expenses and reduce evaporation of water, resulting in a cooling system for improving PV performance [11-13]. A dispatchable power plant system can also be created by combining a floating PV project with a hydroelectric unit. The hydropower plant has a 15% ramp rate [14], which is flexible enough to back up the intermittent electricity production from the floating PV plant. Moreover, both power plants will complement each other in dry and rainy seasons [15]. Therefore, floating PV plants are rapidly constructed globally since the first 175 kWp commercial floating PV system was built on 2008 in California [16, 17]. Around 60 countries are developing floating PV plants with a total capacity of 2.6 GW in 2020 [18]. Indonesia is one of them, by constructing a 145 MWp floating PV plant in the Cirata dam in 2021 [19, 20]. Indonesia aims to deploy more floating PV plants; however, studies analyzing solar energy potentials in Indonesia only focused on ground-mounted PV panels and rooftop solar PV [6, 9] or the floating PV
... Around 60 countries are developing floating PV plants with a total capacity of 2.6 GW in 2020 [18]. Indonesia is one of them, by constructing a 145 MWp floating PV plant in the Cirata dam in 2021 [19,20]. ...
... Indonesia aims to deploy more floating PV plants; however, studies analyzing solar energy potentials in Indonesia only focused on ground-mounted PV panels and rooftop solar PV [6,9] or the floating PV [20]. Only Untoro, Gunawan, Hidayanto, Perkasa and Wijaya [19] estimated the potentials of floating PV plants in Indonesia but their analysis was limited to 12 dams with surface area higher than 100 ha, which is suitable for a 100 MW floating PV plant. ...
Most countries mitigate climate alter impacts by deploying renewable energy to decarbonize their energy system. One of the emerging renewable energy options is the integration of floating photovoltaic (FPV) and hydropower. The FPV has higher efficiency and helps to reduce evaporation and offset hydropower production during the dry season. Conversely, hydropower can overcome intermittent solar production due to its flexibility. Our study aims to estimate the energy potentials from FPV plants and hydropower integrations in Indonesia. As result, the country has 5,807 potential reservoirs for FPV and 26 hydropower plants with a reservoir area with a potential utilization of more than 1 MW. Those sites are suitable for 3 GW floating power plants and 2.8 GW hydropower. And those sites can reduce CO 2 emissions by 2,911,197 tonnes per year.
... MWh/year energy [20]. Installation design of 145 MWac floating photovoltaic in Cirata reservoir [21] and 1 MW photovoltaic system at eight mining sites in Uzbekistan [22]. The implementation of floating photovoltaic in ex-tin mining land is something that needs to be developed so that the utilization of locations that have been considered useless can provide benefits, especially in the production of electrical energy. ...
This The use of floating photovoltaics is
increasingly attractive and has become a concern. This is due to
the consideration that the surface temperature of the
photovoltaic influences the voltage and current output. The
study was carried out using two units of 50 Wp photovoltaic, one
of which was placed on the mainland and floating in the pond.
From the test results, it is found that floating photovoltaic has a
higher output compared to the output of photovoltaic on land
with an average voltage difference of 1.04%, an average current
difference of 1.08%, an average real power difference of 1.12%,
and an average efficiency difference of 1.29%
The floating photovoltaic panel is increasingly being used. This is one of the ways
to reduce temperature rise in photovoltaic panel. The floating photovoltaic panel is used for lighting at the fish pond. A unit of 8-watt lamp for lighting supplied by 1 unit of 50 Wp
photovoltaic panel and 1 unit of 12 V/3.5 Ah battery. The heatsink attached to the bottom of the floating photovoltaic panel transfers heat from the panel to the fish pond water. Sensors are connected to Arduino to measure photovoltaic panel output voltage and current, solar irradiance, photovoltaic panel temperature and fish pond water temperature. From the measurement, the voltage generated from the floating photovoltaic panel is 12.71 – 14.71 V and the current is 0.15 - 1.17 A. While the solar irradiance value is 71 W/m2 to 396 W/m2 , the surface temperature of photovoltaic panel is 26.9oC - 32.4oC and fish pond water temperature is 27.1oC - 30.2oC
