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Jaltomata yacheri Mione & S. Leiva.-A. Branch with leaves, inflorescences, and fruits.-B. Flower, lateral view.-C. Calyx, oblique view.-D. Corolla, dissected to show the insertion of the stamens.-E. Stamen, ventral view.-F, G. Anther with distal portion of filament, lateral and dorsal views, respectively.-H. Gynoecium, including basal disk.-I. Berry with calyx, lateral view.-J. Seed.-K. Embryo of the seed. Scale bar of E also applies to F and G. Drawn from S. Leiva G. et al. 2372 (HAO), by S. Leiva G.
Source publication
Five new suffrutescent to shrubby Jaltomata Schlechtendal species (Solanaceae) of the department of Cajamarca, Peru, are described and illustrated. Jaltomata contumacensis S. Leiva & Mione has a light green, urceolate-tubular corolla and grows in the province of Contumazá between 2530 and 3000 m; J. lanata S. Leiva & Mione has a whitish purple to p...
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Aglaoschema Napp, 1994 and 17 species are redescribed. Aglaoschema viridipenne (Thomson, 1860) is revalidated and three new synonyms are proposed: Aglaoschema prasinipenne (Lucas, 1857) = A. nigricorne (Bates, 1870) syn. nov. = A. tibiale (Aurivillius,1920) syn. nov, and Aglaoschema rufiventre (Germar,1824) = A. erythrogaster (White, 1853) syn. nov...
Citations
... It is distributed from the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central and South America. Later, it was spread to Haiti, Cuba, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and the Galapagos Islands; it grows at altitudes near sea level to above 4,100 m (Davis & Bye 1981;Mione et al. 2007). Species are herbaceous and shrubby, with edible fruits (Mione et al. 2015a); South American species are distinguished from those of Central America and Mexico by their growth habit and fruit colour. ...
The taxonomic status of a specimen of the genus Jaltomata recovered from the Central Highland Valley of Mexico was realized. Phylogenetic analysis was performed via Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods complemented with Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) using the PHI test. The results indicated that the specimen in study belongs to the genus Jaltomata sp. nov. supported by PHI test (φ=1.0) showing no evidence of recombination. Characteristics of corolla, pedicel and calyx, stigma, anthers, fruit, and seeds, differentiated this species. Based on the results, the name Jaltomata tlaxcala is proposed for this new species.
... The genus Jaltomata (Solanaceae) consists of approximately seventy species ranging from Arizona to Bolivia (Mione et al. 2015). This genus is interesting for many reasons: the fruits of most species are eaten by people (Mione and Leiva González 1997;Mione et al. 2001Mione et al. , 2016, the corolla forms are remarkably diverse: rotate, campanulate, short-tubular, long-tubular (Mione 1999;Mione et al. 2000Mione et al. , 2007Mione and Anderson 2017;Wu et al. 2019). As well, bees have been observed on the flowers of some species and hummingbirds have been recorded visiting the flowers of other species (Mione et al. 2019). ...
Flowers of Jaltomata weigendiana (Solanaceae) secrete red nectar that is visible through the partially translucent corolla. We report the pattern of nectar presentation during the sexual phases of the flower and characterize the breeding system. Comparison of flower sets experiencing daily removal starting Day 1 with flowers that accumulated nectar for one or two days prior to daily removal revealed no discernible effect on the life-of-the-flower nectar production, sugar production and floral longevity. Flowers produce about the same cumulative volume of nectar during the two sexual phases. However, cumulative nectar sugar production is about 4 times higher during the male phase. Nectar standing crop ranged from 4–26.6 µl for Day 1 flowers and 0–8.7 µl for flowers from which nectar was removed the previous day. With daily removal of nectar, 21 of 40 flowers contained no nectar during the last day of the flower’s life. All unmanipulated flowers developed fruits (autonomous self-pollination). However, manual self-pollinations and manual cross-pollinations resulted in fruits that weighed significantly more and had significantly more seeds than fruits produced by autonomous self-pollination. Protogyny and herkogamy promote cross-pollination, but delayed autonomous selfing at the end of the flower’s life ensures seed set if pollinator-mediated pollination fails.
... Jaltomata is a diverse neotropical genus with species having markedly different corolla forms (rotate, campanulate, short- tubular, long-tubular) and petal and nectar coloration patterns ( Mione et al. 2007;Kostyun 2017). Jaltomata quipus- coae has a broadly campanulate corolla with deep-purple petals, along with dark red nectar that pools in a unique structure called a corona (Figure 2(B), arrow). ...
The location of nectar secretion in flowers of Jaltomata has not been identified with certainty until now: removal of the corolla and androecium from one side of living flowers allowed us to see, in progress , nectar secretion by the ovarian nectary. We studied Jaltomata quipuscoae, a wild plant that grows in southern Peru and produces copious, red floral nectar. Unmanipulated flowers do not set fruit in a pollinator-free greenhouse, demonstrating lack of autogamy, but self-compatibility was demonstrated by manual self-pollinations leading to fruit-set. Anther dehiscence is staggered with the anthers of a flower dehiscing over hours on the same day. The corolla and nectar are UV-absorptive. Flowers last 4-10 days, are usually protogynous during the first day the corolla is open, and do not close for the night. ARTICLE HISTORY
... J. truxillana S. Leiva & Mione grows only on one small mountain on the coast of Peru, in a lomas community, which receives all of its moisture from fog (Leiva González et al., 2008). Jaltomata is of interest for studies of ethnobotany (Davis and Bye, 1982; Williams, 1990), floral biology and colored nectar (Leiva González et al., 2016b; Mione et al., 2001), seed germination (SaldívarIglesias et al., 2010), biogeography (Dillon, 2005;), phylogeny (Miller et al., 2011; Mione et al., 1994), taxonomy (Leiva González et al., , 2010González et al., , 2016b Mione, 1992 Mione, , 1999 Mione et al., 1993 Mione et al., , 2000 Mione et al., , 2004 Mione et al., , 2007 Mione et al., , 2008 Mione et al., , 2011 Mione et al., , 2015a Mione et al., , 2015b), ecological genomics (Haak et al., 2014), and the genetic basis of morphological evolution (Mione and Anderson, 2016). The genus Jaltomata includes the genus Hebecladus (Mione et al., 1994) and all Hebecladus species are being transferred to Jaltomata. ...
Hebecladus weberbaueri Dammer is the oldest name for a common species of the genus Jaltomata (Solanaceae) of the Department Ancash, Peru. To transfer this species to the genus Jaltomata we here select a new specific epithet because the epithet weberbaueri is preoccupied in Jaltomata. We select the specific epithet aijana, and thus the correct name for H. weberbaueri Dammer is now J. aijana. We collected J. aijana nine times during 10 different years of field study in Peru. For J. aijana, geographic distribution, local names, phenology, a description, an illustration, and photographs are provided.
... grows from Mexico to Bolivia [6] but J. atiquipa Mione & S. Leiva is known only from the coast of Peru (in a lomas community, which receives all of its moisture from fog) [7]. Jaltomata is of interest for studies of ethnobotany [8,9], floral biology and colored nectar [10, 11], seed germination [12], biogeography [13], phylogeny [14,15], taxonomy [1, [16][17][18][19], ecological genomics [20], and the genetic basis of morphological evolution [21]. ...
Discoveries of new-to-science species have rendered outdated the last published list of Jaltomata species of Peru.We recognize eight Jaltomata species in Department Lima: J. andersonii, J. aspera, J. bicolor, J. contorta, J. dentata, J. hunzikeri, J. propinqua, J. umbellata, and J. sinuosa. The latter has not been collected in Department Lima but was included in the key because it is likely to grow in Department Lima. Fruits of at least five of these species (J. aspera, J. bicolor, J. dentata, J. propinqua, J. umbellata) are eaten by people. Two species,J. aspera and J. umbellata, have copious red/orange floral nectar. In lomascommunitiesJ. aspera, J. hunzikeri and J. umbellataflower July– October.However, in the AndesJ. aspera, J. bicolor, J. dentata andJ. propinquaflower mostly from December–April. There are no recent collections of J. contorta and J. hunzikeri and these species may be extinct.
... Además, de los recientes trabajos taxonómicos acerca de este género en el Perú (Knapp, Mione & Sagástegui;1991;Mione & Coe, 1996;Mione & Leiva, 1997;Leiva, 2006;Leiva, Mione & Quipuscoa, 1998;Leiva & Mione, 1999;Leiva, Mione & Yacher, 2007;2010ay b, 20132014a y b;2015;Mione, Leiva & Yacher, 2000;2004;2000;2004;2011;2014;2016; dar a conocer 15 especies con presencia de néctar rojo en el interior de la corola, tres nuevas combinaciones nomenclaturales y, ante nuevos viajes de campo efectuados en estos últimos años, se han encontrado poblaciones de una especie de Jaltomata, que nos llamó la atención por sus particularidades referidas a sus tallos viejos rodeados por una densa cobertura de lenticelas, forma y disposición de sus flores, bayas con el cáliz adpreso en el 40-50% del área basal, corola con lóbulos reflexos y con 5 cavidades llenas de néctar rojo interiormente, pubescentes sus órganos vegetativos y órganos florales, número de semillas por baya, entre otros. Estas diferencias morfológicas que las distinguen del resto de las especies descriptas hasta ahora, motivan su descripción como nueva y, son los principales aportes y objetivos de este trabajo. ...
Se describen e ilustran en detalle especies de Jaltomata Schletdl. (Solanaceae) con néctar rojo, tres nuevas combinaciones nomenclaturales y un nuevo taxón del noreste de Perú. Se reportan 15 especies endémicas de los andes centrales de América, cuyas flores llevan en su interior 5 depósitos con abundante néctar rojo; excepto una especie, todas las demás son peruanas, a saber: Jaltomata alviteziana, Jaltomata aspera, Jaltomata calliantha, Jaltomata dendroidea, Jaltomata grandibaccata, Jaltomata herrerae (peruano-boliviania), Jaltomata leivae, Jaltomata neei, Jaltomata pallascana, Jaltomata paneroi, Jaltomata quipuscoae, Jaltomata sanchez-vegae, Jaltomata umbellata, Jaltomata ventricosa y Jaltomata weberbaueri. Se hace tres cambios nomenclaturales y asimismo, se describe un nuevo taxón, J. estilopilosa es propia del Cerro el Prado, ruta Chachapoyas-Levanto, prov. Chachapoyas, dpto. Amazonas, Perú, a los 6º16’02,7” S y 77º52’02,3” W, 2994 m de elevación, presenta (2-) 3-4 flores por nudo, corola con un tubo corto y el limbo ampliamente rotado, 10-lobulada, verde los lóbulos mayores y blanco cremosa los lóbulos menores externa e interiormente, pubescente rodeada por una cobertura de pelos simples eglandulares transparentes externa e interiormente, área libre de los filamentos estaminales cremosos rodeados por una cobertura de algunos pelos simples eglandulares transparentes que ocupan 3-5 % del área basal, estilo verdoso y rodeado por una cobertura de pelos simples eglandulares transparentes en toda su longitud, 197-205 semillas por baya, arbustos (80-) 1,5-2 (-3) m de alto. Adicionalmente se adjunta una clave dicotómica con todas las especies; así también, a las descripciones se acompañan las ilustraciones y fotografías correspondientes, se discuten sus relaciones con otra especie afín e incluyen datos sobre etnobotánica, distribución geográfica y ecología, fenología, estado actual y usos de cada especie.
... Based on a family total of 2500 species [26], approximately 7% of Solanaceae species are edible species of subfamily Solanoideae. The regular description of new Capsicum, Jaltomata, Physalis and Solanum species (e.g., [98,[156][157][158]), as well as others, suggests that there are undoubtedly numerous other specieswhich do not yet appear in the inventory above. These are likely to be those that are largely gathered from the wild and form part of the dietary repertoire of localised indigenous groups. ...
Over the last fifty years there has been a continual reduction in horticultural and agricultural biodiversity of nutritionally important plants, including those of the Solanaceae family. To add to this, the broad range of traditional crops, previously grown on a sustainable scale in some parts of the world, has been replaced by a narrow range of major crops grown as large-scale monocultures. In order to counteract this trend, and to help maintain a broad wealth of genetic resources, conservation is essential. This, in turn, helps to safeguard food security. A taxonomic inventory, covering the diversity of species in a plant group, is an important first step in conservation. The Solanaceae is one of the major plant families providing food species. A survey of the biodiversity, ethnobotany and taxonomy of subfamily Solanoideae was undertaken and is presented here as an inventory of food species. Fifteen genera provide species that are utilised for food across the world. Of these, only four genera contain economically significant cultivated food cropspecies. The majority of these are in the genus Solanum, whilst Capsicum, Physalis and Lycium contribute the remainder of cultivated crop species. These genera and others also comprise species that are semi-cultivated, tolerated as useful weeds, or gathered from the wild.
... The diversity of Jaltomata has only been recently discovered with various new species (e.g. Leiva et al., 2008; Mione et al., 2007) described. Many of these are narrow endemics and found in remote and historically poorly collected locations in the Andes of South America (Miller et al., 2011 ). ...
... Saracha ) and all of Hebecladus being reassigned to Jaltomata ( Hunziker 1979 ;Mione et al. 1993Mione et al. , 1994, as well as the discovery of many new species. ( Leiva G. et al. 1998( Leiva G. et al. , 2007a( Leiva G. et al. , 2007bMione et al. 1993Mione et al. , 2000aMione et al. , 2000bMione et al. , 2004Mione et al. , 2007Mione et al. , 2008. Jaltomata exhibits an array of vegetative and floral morphology; much of this character diversity has come to light only recently because many species are narrow endemics and found in remote, historically under-collected locations in the Andes of South America. ...
DNA sequences from the nuclear gene waxy were used to assess phylogenetic relationships within Jaltomata, a group of approximately 60 species from Central and South America. Phylogenetic analyses identify two primary groups: a morphologically diverse group from western
South America, characterized by orange fruits, and a primarily Mesoamerican clade with black/purple fruit and little morphological diversity. We also identify an early-diverging lineage of Jaltomata species with red fruits, which is sister to the rest of the genus. Ancestral character
state reconstruction supports a view of the common ancestor of the genus originating in South America and having rotate corollas similar to many species of Solanum. In addition, we infer independent colonizations of lomas habitats by Jaltomata species and show a correlation between
red nectar production and campanulate floral form in multiple lineages, suggesting a common evolutionary syndrome related to pollination.
... Arnaldoa 15 (2): 285 -288, 2008 ISSN: 18158242 This paper is a contribution to the ongoing studies by Leiva, Mione and Yacher, who are determining how many species of Jaltomata grow in northern Peru while documenting the geographic distribution of these species (Mione 1992, Mione & Coe 1996, Mione & Leiva 1997, Leiva 1998, Leiva et al. 1998, Leiva & Mione 1999, Mione 1999, Mione et al. 2000a, Mione et al. 2000b, Mione et al. 2004, Mione & Granda 2006, Leiva et al. 2007a, Leiva et al. 2007b, Mione et al. 2007). ...
Saracha weberbaueri Dammer subspecies pallascana Bitter, later treated as Saracha pallascana (Bitter) Macbride, is here transferred to the genus Jaltomata as J. pallascana (Bitter) Mione. This species is known only from the northern edge of department Ancash, Peru at 3,350 - 3,700 meters of elevation, and grows along stone walls and among other woody plants.
