FIGURE 7 - uploaded by Graham J Bird
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Ithyomus conopygus. Non-ovigerous female A, cheliped; B, detail of fixed finger; C, chela, anterior view; D–J, pereopods 1–6 respectively; K, pleopod. Scale bar 0.25 mm (A–K).
Source publication
Anarthrurid tanaidaceans are common in the bathyal zone west of the British Isles and their identification has been difficult. The complex history of the taxonomy and classification of the Family Anarthruridae Lang is summarised and H.J. Hansen's Leptognathia group 'd' from the 'Ingolf' expeditions is transferred to the Anarthruridae. Three known s...
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Resumen
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Research focusing on ‘stout-bodied’ typhlotanaids collected from several sites around Iceland and adjacent N Atlantic region has resulted in the description of 15 species new to science, as well as the creation of eight new genera. Typhlotanais eximius Hansen, 1913 is redescribed and transferred to a new genus, while Typhlotanais crassus and Peraeo...
Citations
... While establishing the family Sieg (1986) 29 stated that 'Of these, Typhlotanais is still to be regarded as very heterogeneous, so that a further split is to be expected in the future'. With this observation he erected three genera (Peraeospinosus Sieg, 1986, Meromonakantha Sieg, 1986, and Typhlotanoides Sieg, 1983) to accommodate most morphologically distinct typhlotanaids so making the first step in further exploration of typhlotanaid relationships 19,20,[30][31][32][33][34][35] . Nevertheless, the typhlotanaid species have further been provisionally divided into 'slender-bodied' and 'stout-bodied' with body length ≥8.0 L:W and ≤6.0 L:W, respectively 19,20 . ...
Research focusing on ‘stout-bodied’ typhlotanaids collected from several sites around Iceland and adjacent northern seas has resulted in the description of 15 species new to science, as well as the creation of eight new genera. Typhlotanais eximius Hansen, 1913 was redescribed and transferred to a new genus, while Typhlotanais crassus and Peraeospinosus adipatus are transferred to the genus Larsenotanais . The morphological and the molecular data were combined to consolidate and confirm the validity of the results obtained from both approaches. The polyphyletic nature of Typhlotanaidae and its serious underestimation was emphasized. Molecular analysis revealed that the ’stout-bodied‘ Typhlotanaidae are monophyletic. Depth, temperature, and salinity were identified as the main environmental parameters determining the distribution of this group of Typhlotanaidae. Several species were clearly associated with shelf and upper bathyal of Iceland. The Greenland-Iceland-Faroe ridge is shown to be a distinct zoogeographical barrier for typhlotanaids inhabiting the deeper slope and abyssal around Iceland.
... Morphological distinction of Agathotanaidae from Anarthruridae Lang, 1971 has been historically controversial, and its taxonomic status has been changing between family, subfamily and tribe (Lang 1971;Sieg 1983Sieg , 1986aLarsen & Wilson 2002). Currently, Agathotanaidae is accepted as a distinct family, not based on specifi c characters or apomorphies but rather on a particular combination of characters that also occur in species belonging to Anarthruridae, making it diffi cult to discern between the two families (Bird 2004). These diffi culties were refl ected in the status of the genus Paranarthrura, which was described by Hansen (1913) as a Tanaididae Nobili, 1906, and subsequently moved to the family Anarthruridae by Lang (1971), to the tribe Anarthrurini Lang, 1971by Sieg (1986b, the tribe as well as two sampling sites located in the upper slope ( Fig. 1) September, 2006) was conducted by the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (de Stigter et al. 2007). ...
The Tanaidacea are ubiquitous and amongst the most abundant taxa in the deep sea. However, their diversity in submarine canyons remains largely unknown. Here, two new species and a new genus of Paratanaoidea are described. Paranarthrura cousteaui sp. nov. is distinguished by the combination of the following characters: post-cheliped sclerites not fused, presence of one seta in the maxilliped endite, one long midventral seta in cheliped, one penicillate seta in the basis of pereopods 4-6, uropod endopod bi-articulated and uropod exopod shorter than endopod article 1. This species was found at the upper reaches of three Portuguese canyons, Cascais, Setúbal and Nazaré Canyons, and the adjacent open slope, between 897 and 1001 m water depths. Tirana vallis gen. et sp. nov. presents a combination of the characters that defi ne the other two genera of Paranarthrurellidae, Paranarthrurella and Armatognathia, but also unique characters within the family: the antenna, cheliped and uropod are more elongate than the rest of the species; the pereopods 4-6 carpus spines reach at least half of the length of the propodus and the propodus of pereopods 4-6 have ramifi ed subdistal spines. This species was found at the middle reaches of Setúbal Canyon (3214-3219 m water depth).
... Although the fusion of pereonite 6 and the pleon, as far as is known, is restricted to these two genera, other features such as the relatively short, round cephalothorax, conical labrum, and cheliped attached ventromedially to the cephalothorax, indicated that our species belongs in the family Anarthruridae. Bird (2004) reviewed the complex history of the taxonomy of Anarthruridae and established five new genera. Larsen (2013) removed the genus Cristatotanais Kudinova-Pas-ternak, 1990 from the family, and four new genera were subsequently established Błażewicz-Paszkowycz et al. 2013;Drumm and Bird 2016;Jóźwiak et al. 2017). ...
... The family now contains 12 genera and 23 species (Anderson 2016;Jóźwiak et al. 2017). In having the labrum not laterally compressed and the antenna with naked fourth and fifth articles from the distal end, our species resembles species in three genera (Anarthrura Sars, 1882; Anarthrurella Bird, 2004;and Crenicarpus Drumm and Bird, 2016) but is distinguishable from them. Here we describe the species as new and establish a new genus for it. ...
... Measurements were made axially: dorsally on the body, antennules, antennae, and uropods; laterally on the pereopods and pleopods. Length and width in Anarthrura simplex Sars, 1882 were measured from the illustrations in Bird (2004). Total DNA was extracted from the right cheliped (holotype) or the whole body except for the cephalothorax (paratype NSMT-Cr 25817) by using a NucleoSpin Tissue XS kit (TaKaRa Bio, Japan); after extraction, the exoskeleton of the latter (the former was lost during extraction) was recovered and mounted on a slide. ...
We establish the new anarthrurid genus Tsuranarthrura gen. nov. based on the new species T. shinsei sp. nov. collected from 1890 m depth offthe eastern coast of Japan, northwestern Pacific Ocean. Tsuranarthrura gen. nov. is the third paratanaoid genus with members having a fused segment composed of pereonite 6 and the pleon, a character state previously restricted to the genera Coalecerotanais Larsen, 2003 (Family incertae sedis) and Metagathotanais Bird and Holdich, 1988 (Family Agathotanaidae). Among anarthrurid genera, Tsuranarthrura gen. nov. is similar to Anarthrura Sars, 1882, Anarthrurella Bird, 2004, and Crenicarpus Drumm and Bird, 2016 in having the labrum not laterally compressed and the antenna with naked fourth and fifth articles from the distal end. However it differs from the latter three in having pereonite 6 fused with the pleon, the maxillipedal endite with a distal seta, the chelipedal merus with a ventral simple seta, and the merus naked on pereopods 2 and 3. We also present the nucleotide sequence for part of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in T. shinsei for future use in DNA barcoding or phylogeny.
... The family Anarthruridae Lang, 1971 is usually poorly represented in deep-water environments (Hansen 1913;Larsen 2005;Bird 2007;Pabis et al. 2015). Although long, filiform anarthrurids are known (Bird 2004;Larsen 2005), most members of the family are usually small in size and their body does not exceed a few millimetres in length (Bird 2004(Bird , 2007. In studies where proper attention is paid to the smallest fraction of macrobenthos, Anarthruridae are catching up in terms of their diversity compared to the Agathotanaidae Lang, 1971, Akanthophoreidae Sieg, 1986 or Typhlotanaidae Sieg, 1984; thus, it is possible that they were overlooked in earlier deep-sea benthic collections (Bird and Holdich 1984). ...
... The family Anarthruridae Lang, 1971 is usually poorly represented in deep-water environments (Hansen 1913;Larsen 2005;Bird 2007;Pabis et al. 2015). Although long, filiform anarthrurids are known (Bird 2004;Larsen 2005), most members of the family are usually small in size and their body does not exceed a few millimetres in length (Bird 2004(Bird , 2007. In studies where proper attention is paid to the smallest fraction of macrobenthos, Anarthruridae are catching up in terms of their diversity compared to the Agathotanaidae Lang, 1971, Akanthophoreidae Sieg, 1986 or Typhlotanaidae Sieg, 1984; thus, it is possible that they were overlooked in earlier deep-sea benthic collections (Bird and Holdich 1984). ...
... Body length was measured from the tip of the rostrum to the tip of the pleotelson; the length-to-width ratio was calculated from the measure made in the middle length and width of an article. The length and width of the chela were measured as shown in the Fig. 2. The morphological terminology follows that used by Bird (2004). The studied material was deposited at Victoria Museum (Melbourne). ...
In the collection of Tanaidacea from the continental slope of Western Australia made during the two scientific cruises of the FRV Southern Surveyor (2005 and 2007) and organised under the aegis of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), five new species of the family Anarthruridae were identified. To accommodate the new species, three new genera Abrotanais n. gen., Macilenta n. gen. and Waki n. gen. are erected. The new species, in contrast to all the other members of the Anarthruridae, have an unusually elongated bodies that are 18 to 50 times longer than broad.
... a conical labrum. A laterally compressed labrum is present in Anisopechys Bird, 2004(Bird 2004, Synarthrura Bird, 2004and Siphonolabrum Lang, 1972(Bird 2004, 2007bLang 1972); a maxillule endite with six spines. Acinoproscelos ; a lateral fold on the cheliped propodus. ...
... a conical labrum. A laterally compressed labrum is present in Anisopechys Bird, 2004(Bird 2004, Synarthrura Bird, 2004and Siphonolabrum Lang, 1972(Bird 2004, 2007bLang 1972); a maxillule endite with six spines. Acinoproscelos ; a lateral fold on the cheliped propodus. ...
... Acinoproscelos ; a lateral fold on the cheliped propodus. This feature is absent in: Acinoproscelos, Anarthrura, Anarthruropsis, Cristatotanais, Ithyomus, Keska, Siphonolabrum, and Thorkelius (Bird 2004(Bird , 2007bBamber and Błażewicz-Paszkowycz 2013;Błażewicz-Paszkowycz et al. 2013;Kudinova-Pasternak 1990;Lang 1968Lang , 1972Sars 1882). the basis of pereopods 4-6 swollen, about 1.5 times as long as wide. ...
Four new species of deep-sea Tanaidacea taken from the Gulf of Guinea as part of the Ghanaian marine environmental monitoring programme in 2012 are described. One of the species, which was classified to the family Anarthruridae, differed substantially from the other members of the family, and was accommodated to the newly erected genus – Olokun n. gen. Each of the three other species belongs to a different family: Parakanthophoreus guineus n. sp. – Akanthophoreidae, Collettea agnesi n. sp. – Colletteidae, and Araphura studens n. sp. – Tanaellidae. A key for genera of Anarthruridae is given.
... The family is comprised of eleven genera including the one described here (Anderson 2014). Bird (2004) erected five new genera from the Northeast Atlantic and summarized the taxonomic history of the family. Since then two more genera have been established by and Błażewicz-Paszkowycz et al (2013). ...
... The mancae in this family tend to be large and relatively abundant. Bird (2004) found over half of the specimens in his material of Thorkelius latiremis (Hansen) were mancae, and Larsen's (2005) material of Anarthruropsis edentula included 13 specimens, all of them at the manca-II stage. A similar phenomenon pertains to several undescribed anarthrurids, including Siphonolabrum, in New Zealand waters. ...
One new genus is erected and four new species of paratanaoidean tanaidaceans are described from deep waters in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico: one in each of the genera Collettea, Tanaella, and Pseudomacrinella,
and one as a new genus in the family Anarthruridae. Keys to species in the genera Collettea, Tanaella, and the
genera of the Anarthruridae are provided.
... I feel justified in offering new figures of Hansen's species as those given by Table 1. List of samples in which Chauliopleona and Saurotipleona species were recorded (excluding stations reported in Bird 2004aBird , 2004bBird , 2010Bird , 2014 (Larsen and Araújo-Silva 2014). Within a fairly conservative overall morphology, specialised characters such as high pleonal spurs, lateral pleotelson spurs, crenation or nodules on various regions of the cheliped, extension of a cheliped carpal shield, slender uropods with one or two-segmented exopods, and grooved and serrate dactylus of pereopods 4-6 are part of the morphological expression within this taxon. ...
Two akanthophoreid taxa, Chauliopleona and the new genus Saurotipleona, are modest contributors to tanaidacean diversity in the benthos of seas from Iceland to the British Isles along the ‘Atlantic Margin’. Three of H.J. Hansen’s ‘Ingolf’ species, originally within the genus Leptognathia, are rediagnosed, i.e. Chauliopleona amdrupii, C. armata and C. hastata. One new species, C. bamberi, from British waters is described and a new genus and species, Saurotipleona julii, is described from bathyal depths in the Irminger and Iceland basins. The latter is similar to Chauliopleona in having a sternal spur on pleonite-5 but this is of a slightly different form and is ventrally directed; it also has two superodistal spines on the propodus of pereopod-5, a distinctly plesiomorphic character in the family. A distribution map and key to the identification of these species are given.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E7EF8C72-D1C6-438E-B9C2-A5CE637FB75A
... This is the fourth publication on the Tanaidacea Hansen of the 'Atlantic Margin', following Bird (2004aBird ( , 2004bBird ( , 2010. These appeared after a hiatus of fifteen years since a series of publications in the late 1980s that covered a substantially different region of the North-east Atlantic (Bird and Holdich 1984, 1988, 1989a, 1989b, 1989cHoldich and Bird 1985). ...
... Details of the stations yielding Leptognathioides and Portaratrum are given in Appendix A, excluding those already given in Bird (2004aBird ( , 2004bBird ( , 2010. For my database purposes, 40 localities/regions were used covering the Atlantic Margin from the Denmark Strait eastwards and south around to the Hebrides Slope; these accounted for the BIOICE, BIOFAR, AFEN and a few of the SMBA/COB stations. ...
The tanaidomorphan genera Leptognathioides and Portaratrum from the Benthic Invertebrates of Icelandic waters (BIOICE), Marine Benthic Fauna of the Faroe Islands (BIOFAR), and Atlantic Frontier Environmental Network (AFEN)-related surveys are examined. The diagnosis for Leptognathioides polita is amended and additional size data are given. A new species, L. biarticulata, is described although the differences from L. polita are slight. It occurs in the bathyal Iceland Basin with a distribution that does not overlap with that of L. polita. A new species of Portaratrum, P. holdichi, is described and the apparent similarities (parallelisms) between this former colletteid genus and the akanthophoreid Chauliopleona are discussed. The distribution and rarity of both genera in the region are analysed, Leptognathioides being more common in the cold-water areas or along the cold–warm interface. Portaratrum holdichi n. sp. is more common and abundant in the Rockall-Biscay region of the NE Atlantic.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:81262671-0665-49C3-9A02-F243C60FC334
... Later this family was restricted again by Larsen & Wilson (2002). Anarthruridae has thus had its fair share of changes and revisions, but with the work by Bird (2004Bird ( , 2007 it finally seems to have reached a stable diagnosis and an acceptable level of consensus. Only three species of Anarthruridae have been recorded in the sub-Antarctic/Antarctic region from previous studies (Sieg 1986, Kudinova-Pasternak 1990 and even though the new species described below brings the number up to four, this indicates that the family is not a common component of the Antarctic fauna. ...
... Anarthruridae is a cosmopolitan family and while most genera do not appear widely distributed, this is likely to be a result of their complicated systematics and of sampling effort. The family is particularly well represented in deep-sea samples (Lang 1968, Kudinova-Pasternak 1976, Bird 2004, Larsen 2005, Bird 2007) but is also found in shallow-and shelf waters (G.O. Sars 1882, Dollfus 1898, Hansen 1909, Greve 1965a,b, 1966, Holdich & Jones 1983a,b, Kudinova-Pasternak 1984, Dojiri & Sieg 1997. ...
... Sars 1882, Dollfus 1898, Hansen 1909, Greve 1965a,b, 1966, Holdich & Jones 1983a,b, Kudinova-Pasternak 1984, Dojiri & Sieg 1997. Błażewicz-Paszkowycz et al. (2011) included the genus Cristatotanais in the Anarthruridae but the cheliped attachment (lack of pseudocoxa) is in conflict with the family diagnosis by Bird, 2004 and this genus must be considered family incertae sedis for now. ...
Specimens collected during the ANDEEP I and II expeditions revealed three new species belonging to the family Anarthruridae and family incertae sedis. One new species of Anarthruridae, Ithyomus antarcticus n. sp. is described. Also described are two new species belonging to genera currently not assigned to a family; one in the genus Parafilitanais (P. denticulus n. sp.) and one in Pseudoarthrura (P. tuberculata n. sp.). The genus Cristatotanais is removed from Anarthruridae, while P. setoserrata is removed from Pseudoarthrura and elevated to genus rank under the name Selvagentanais gen. nov.
... The new species described below shows clear affinities to the known genera of 255 Anarthruridae (see Bird 2004;Larsen 2005), particularly to the deep-sea genus Anarthruropsis Lang, 1968, for example in the cheliped attachment via a large pseudocoxa, the uropod morphology, the reduced mandible, maxillule and narrow maxilliped endites, the lack of tapering of the distal antennular article, the pereopod ischium setation, inter alia. However, Acinoproskelos gen. ...
... 270 However, both species are known from very small numbers of individuals, and such a condition in either species can only be resolved with further material. Bird (2001Bird ( , 2004 found over half of the specimens in his material of Thorkelius latiremis (Hansen, 1913) were mancae. Description of manca Body ( Figure 5) 2 mm long, five times as long as wide. ...
... Of the described species of Anarthruridae, the present species is perhaps closest to species of Anathruropsis with regard to habitus, mandible structure and cheliped ornamentation, but is distinct in its labrum-type, and 350 its maxillular and maxilliped setation, the latter, together with the spination of the anterior pereopods, being unique in the family. The cheliped morphology (but not ornamentation) is very similar to that of Thorkelius glacialis (Hansen, 1913) (see Bird 2004). Endoparasitic nematodes have been recorded before in tanaidaceans, both as sec-355 ondary hosts for fish parasites and as presumed obligate parasites filling the entire exoskeleton (Larsen 2005 and references therein). ...
The shallow-water tanaidacean fauna of the Bass Strait has been the subject of recent intensive studies. The present paper extends this work into the deeper waters of the region, describing two new species and one new genus. The new species of the genus Paradoxapseudes has a combination of three maxillule palp setae, no plumose setae on the basis of pereopod 1 nor proximal serration on the antennal peduncle. The second species represents a new genus of the family Anarthruridae, having six marginal setae on the third maxilliped palp article and spines on the merus and carpus of the anterior pereopods. The high diversity of Tanaidacea in Australian waters is discussed. In particular, we conclude that Australian coasts suffer a diversity of immigration routes, have sufficient marine longevity, and afford such a diversity of available niches to have allowed multiple colonization and subsequent allopatric speciation of Tanaidacea. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EE309A5A-E06D-416F-95BD-4C8D0D2BEB97
