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Achillea spp. is well known for its broad range of applications and long history of use in traditional medicine around the world. Health benefits of Achillea extracts result from the multitude of secondary metabolites identified in the plants from this genus that include flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, guaianolides, phytosterols, fatty acids,...
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The phytoconstituents of the aqueous extract from Syzygium jambos L. (Alston) leaves were defined using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS and the antioxidant, anti-aging, antibacterial, and antibiofilm activities of the extract were in silico and in vitro investigated. The antioxidant activities were performed using in vitro DPPH and FRAP assays as well as H2-DCFDA a...
Citations
... Antioxidants can potentially influence the activity of transcription factors related to the immune response, triggering the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines [38]. Antioxidants in target sites are capable of free radical quenching or oxidation chain termination, thus participating in cancer chemoprevention [39]. However, significant variations in the concentrations of phenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity were observed between the morphotypes and parts of the plant. ...
... In addition, four sterols, β-sitosterol, cholesterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol and α and β-amyrins, have been reported in A. millefolium [44]. A fraction of A. millefolium rich in stigmasterol and β-sitosterol has been shown to have skin-calming and anti-inflammatory effects [39]. In addition, triterpene components have significant anti-inflammatory activity and may also contribute to specific pharmacological activity with implications for inflammation and cancerogenesis [45,46]. ...
Achillea millefolium L., commonly known as yarrow, is a versatile and widely distributed plant species with a rich history of ethnopharmacological significance. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative differences of A. millefolium inflorescence morphotypes. The phytochemical profile of white and pink inflorescence morphotypes was characterised by a complex of thirty-four phenolic and triterpene compounds. The species has distinct morphotypes of white and pink inflorescence. Phenolic and triterpenic profiles were determined, and individual compounds were quantified in inflorescence, leaf, and stem samples of two morphotypes tested. The antioxidant activity of plant extracts was evaluated by free radical scavenging (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Caffeoylquinic acids predominated in all parts of the plant tested. Chlorogenic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid were the principal compounds in the phenolic profile. Betulin, betulinic acid, and α-amyrin were the prevailing triterpenic components in the triterpenic profiles of Achillea millefolium morphotypes. The predominant flavonoids in inflorescences were flavones, while in leaves, flavonols were the organ-specific compounds. The quantitative differences were observed between plant parts of morphotypes. Leaves consistently displayed the highest amounts of identified compounds and have been testified as the main source of antioxidant activity. Overall, white inflorescences accumulated a higher total amount of compounds compared to pink ones. The observed differences between morphotypes derived from the same population reflect the differences in specialised metabolites and their chemotypes. This study addresses gaps in knowledge, particularly in phenolic and triterpenic profiling of coloured inflorescence morphotypes, enhancing our understanding of chemotypes and morphotypes within the species.
... Исходя из данных литературы можно предположить, что улучшение показателей «Боль во рту», «Глотание» и «Ксеростомия и вязкость слюны» обусловлено прежде всего антиоксидантными свойствами тысячелистника обыкновенного [ 34 ] , аира обыкновенного [ 35,36 ] , лопуха большого [ 37 ] , березы повислой [ 38 ] , череды волосистой [ 39 ] , календулы лекарственной [ 40 ] , чистотела большого [ 41 ] , лакрицы [ 42 ] , трутовика скошенного [ 43,44 ] , мяты колосистой [ 45 ] и брусники [ 46 ] . ...
Oral mucositis (OM) is the most common complication of oncologic therapy in patients with lesions in the head and neck region. The progression of OM is accompanied by painful symptoms leading to deterioration of psycho-emotional state and reduction of quality of life. OM induced by radiation therapy is especially severe for cancer patients. In addition to the basic oral care we have developed phytocomposition Mucosept for mouthwash.
Materials and methods. Patients of the control group (n=21) used only 5% sodium bicarbonate solution for rinsing. Patients of the main group (n=21) additionally used Mucosept infusion. Quality of life was studied by EORTC QLQ-HN43 questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 1 month.
Results. The main group showed statistically significant improvement of such questionnaire indicators as “Pain in the mouth”, “Swallowing”, “Xerostomia and saliva viscosity” and “Speech” (p<0,05).
Conclusion. Taking into account the limitations of the study, the positive effect of the use of phytocomposition Mucosept on the quality of life of cancer patients with head and neck lesions and concomitant complication in the form of OM induced by radiation therapy was determined.
... [77]. It serves as a natural solution for the treatment of digestive problems, respiratory infections, spasmodic diseases, wounds, bleeding, headaches, inflammation pains, flatulence, dyspepsia, and skin conditions [78]. The secondary metabolites of Achillea millefolium L. contain salicylic acid, asparagine, sterols, flavonoids, bitters, tannins, coumarins, phenolic acids, terpenes, guaianolides, phytosterols, fatty acids, and organic acids [79]. ...
... Achillea millefolium is used as a cleansing agent in the cosmetic industry and is also used in skin and hair care preparations. It promotes healing and cleansing properties [77,78,80]. ...
Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology book series aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology. The field of advanced and applied Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology has not only helped the development in various fields in Science and Technology but also contributes the improvement of the quality of human life to a great extent. The focus of the book would be on state-of-the-art technologies and advances in Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano technology and to provides a remarkable opportunity for the academic, research and industrial communities to address new challenges and share solutions.
... The polysaccharide fraction Am-25-d, obtained from the aqueous extract of A. millefolium, increases lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-23, and TNF-α cytokines. Even more importantly in the case of rosacea, the comparison between THP-1 cells cultured in the presence of Am-25-d and cells cultured without the polysaccharide fraction revealed that the presence of Am-25-d contributed to the decrease in the nuclear concentration of the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor kappa NF-kB (which has been shown to have a big impact in the early stages of rosacea) [101]. ...
... are traditionally used to treat various skin irritations. An in vivo, doubleblind, randomized study analyzed the maceration of the aerial parts of A. millefolium in sunflower and olive oil, using 8% (v/v) sodium lauryl sulfate as an artificial irritant [101]. The study demonstrated that these macerates possess significant anti-inflammatory and soothing properties on the skin. ...
... The skin parameters taken into consideration were skin capacitance, pH, and erythema index. All were returned to baseline values after three or seven days of treatment [101]. This study shows that A. millefolium extract is a candidate for the management of rosacea-affected skin. ...
Rosacea is a chronic skin disorder that affects more than 5% of the world’s population, with the number increasing every year. Moreover, studies show that one-third of those suffering from rosacea report a degree of depression and are less compliant with treatment. Despite being the subject of prolonged studies, the pathogenesis of rosacea remains controversial and elusive. Since most medications used for the management of this pathology have side effects or simply do not yield the necessary results, many patients lose trust in the treatment and drop it altogether. Thus, dermato-cosmetic products with natural ingredients are gaining more and more notoriety in front of synthetic ones, due to the multiple benefits and the reduced number and intensity of side effects. This review is a comprehensive up-to-date report of studies that managed to prove the beneficial effects of different botanicals that may be useful in the short and long-term management of rosacea-affected skin. Based on recent preclinical and clinical studies, this review describes the mechanisms of action of a large array of phytochemicals responsible for alleviating the clinical symptomatology of the disease. This is useful in further aiding and better comprehending the way plant-based products may help in managing this complex condition, paving the way for research in this area of study.
... Among the most studied plant-derived components, Achillea millefolium L. extracts have been frequently studied in recent years [18,24]. Achillea decoction is a widely used traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal diseases in several regions of the world [24][25][26]. Additionally, maceration in different solvents is a simple extraction method to prepare bioactive compounds from the plants [27]. ...
Background
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most common health care-acquired infections. The dramatic increase in antimicrobial resistance of C. difficile isolates has led to growing demand to seek new alternative medicines against CDI. Achillea millefolium L. extracts exhibit strong biological activity to be considered as potential therapeutic agents. In this work, the inhibitory effects of A. millefolium, its decoction (DEC) and ethanol (ETOH) extracts, were investigated on the growth of C. difficile RT001 and its toxigenic cell-free supernatant (Tox-S) induced inflammation and apoptosis.
Methods
Phytochemical analysis of extracts was performed by HPLC and GC analysis. The antimicrobial properties of extracts were evaluated against C. difficile RT001. Cell viability and cytotoxicity of Caco-2 and Vero cells treated with various concentrations of extracts and Tox-S were examined by MTT assay and microscopy, respectively. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of extracts were assessed in Tox-S stimulated Caco-2 cells by RT-qPCR.
Results
Analysis of the phytochemical profile of extracts revealed that the main component identified in both extracts was chlorogenic acid. Both extracts displayed significant antimicrobial activity against C. difficile RT001. Moreover, both extracts at concentration 50 µg/mL had no significant effect on cell viability compared to untreated cells. Pre-treatment of cells with extracts (50 µg/mL) significantly reduced the percentage of Vero cells rounding induced by Tox-S. Also, both pre-treatment and co-treatment of Tox-S stimulated Caco-2 cells with extracts significantly downregulated the gene expression level of IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, TGF-β, iNOS, Bax, caspase-9 and caspase-3 and upregulated the expression level of Bcl-2.
Conclusion
The results of the present study for the first time demonstrate the antimicrobial activity and protective effects of A. millefolium extracts on inflammatory response and apoptosis induced by Tox-S from C. difficile RT001 clinical strain in vitro. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential application of A. millefolium extracts as supplementary medicine for CDI prevention and treatment in clinical setting.
... The most researched member of the genus is Achillea millefolium L., and in recent years there have been more studies on the dermatological advantages offered by Achillea species. The numerous secondary metabolites found in Achillea plants, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, guaianolides, phytosterols, fatty acids, and organic acids, are responsible for the health advantages of the extracts [5]. ...
... Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra) Polysaccharides (D-galactose, L-rhamnose, D-galacturonic acid), phytosterols, and oleic and palmitic acids [153] 40. Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) Flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes (guaianolides, sesquiterpenes), phytosterols, organic acids, and fatty acids [154] 41. Baikal skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis) ...
Humans are constantly at high risk of emerging pandemics caused by viral and bacterial infections. The emergence of new pandemics is mainly caused by evolved viruses and bacteria that are highly resistant to existing medications. The rapid evolution of infectious agents demands the urgent investigation of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat these infections at an early stage. One of these therapeutic strategies includes the use of medicinal herbs for their antibacterial and antiviral properties. The use of herbal medicines as remedies is very ancient and has been employed for centuries. Many studies have confirmed the antimicrobial activities of herbs against various pathogens in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effect of medicinal herbs is mainly attributed to the natural bioactive molecules present in these plants such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids. Different mechanisms have been proposed for how medicinal herbs enhance the immune system and combat pathogens. Such mechanisms include the disruption of bacterial cell membranes, suppression of protein synthesis, and limitation of pathogen replication through the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis. Medicinal herbs have been shown to treat a number of infectious diseases by modulating the immune system’s components. For instance, many medicinal herbs alleviate inflammation by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1, IL-6) while promoting the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10). Medicinal herbs also play a role in defense against viral and intracellular infections by enhancing the proliferation and functions of natural killer cells, T-helper-1 cells, and macrophages. In this review, we will explore the use of the most common herbs in preventing and treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. Using current and recently published studies, we focus on the immunomodulatory and therapeutic effects induced by medicinal herbs to enhance immune responses during diseases.
... In many European and Asian countries, A. millefolium is used in folk and conventional medicine as well as cosmetology [13][14][15][16]. The medicinal and cosmetic raw material of yarrow is its herb (Millefolii herba) and flowers (Millefolii flos) collected from freshly blooming plants only in sunny areas [7,17,18]. ...
... Yarrow raw materials have numerous applications in cosmetics [15,16]. Extracts and EO are added to soothing and regenerating masks, facial creams, lotions, shampoos, and toothpastes, whereas dried herb is applied externally as part of hair and skin care and to prepare relaxing baths [16,40]. ...
... Yarrow raw materials have numerous applications in cosmetics [15,16]. Extracts and EO are added to soothing and regenerating masks, facial creams, lotions, shampoos, and toothpastes, whereas dried herb is applied externally as part of hair and skin care and to prepare relaxing baths [16,40]. They are characterised by multifunctional properties when used as active ingredients of cosmetics, i.e., they serve cleansing, moisturising, soothing, conditioning, masking, refreshing, and odorising functions [37,41]. ...
Achillea millefolium L. herb and flowers have high biological activity; hence, they are used in medicine and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to perform morpho-anatomical analyses of the raw material, including secretory tissues, histochemical assays of the location of lipophilic compounds, and quantitative and qualitative analysis of essential oil (EO). Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to analyse plant structures. The qualitative analyses of EO were carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results of this study showed the presence of exogenous secretory structures in the raw material, i.e., conical cells (papillae) on the adaxial surface of petal teeth and biseriate glandular trichomes on the surface flowers, bracts, stems, and leaves. Canal-shaped endogenous secretory tissue was observed in the stems and leaves. The histochemical assays revealed the presence of total, acidic, and neutral lipids as well as EO in the glandular trichome cells. Additionally, papillae located at the petal teeth contained neutral lipids. Sesquiterpenes were detected in the glandular trichomes and petal epidermis cells. The secretory canals in the stems were found to contain total and neutral lipids. The phytochemical assays demonstrated that the A. millefolium subsp. millefolium flowers contained over 2.5-fold higher amounts of EO (6.1 mL/kg) than the herb (2.4 mL/kg). The EO extracted from the flowers and herb had a similar dominant compounds: β-pinene, bornyl acetate, (E)-nerolidol, 1,8-cineole, borneol, sabinene, camphor, and α-pinene. Both EO samples had greater amounts of monoterpenes than sesquiterpenes. Higher amounts of oxygenated monoterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were detected in the EO from the herb than from the flowers.
... According to reports, several medicinal plants and their derived active compounds are believed to help hasten the process of wound healing and regenerate tissue at the wound site. Some of the active compounds found in these plants include coelonin, stigmasterol, β sitosterol, anthraquinone derivatives, triterpenoids, rosmarinic acid, crocin, safranal, curcumin, emodin, aloesin, betacyanins, Asiatic acid, thymoquinone, and thymol ( Figure 2) [6,24,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. ...
... 2023, 45, FOR PEER REVIEW 6 According to reports, several medicinal plants and their derived active compounds are believed to help hasten the process of wound healing and regenerate tissue at the wound site. Some of the active compounds found in these plants include coelonin, stigmasterol, β sitosterol, anthraquinone derivatives, triterpenoids, rosmarinic acid, crocin, safranal, curcumin, emodin, aloesin, betacyanins, Asiatic acid, thymoquinone, and thymol ( Figure 2) [6,24,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. ...
... Active compounds with beneficial effects in skin pathology treatments[6,13,24,25,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. ...
Abstract: Wound healing is a multifaceted process necessitating the collaboration of numerous elements to mend damaged tissue. Plant and animal-derived natural compounds have been uti-lized for wound treatment over the centuries, with many scientific investigations examining these compounds. Those with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties are particu-larly noteworthy, as they target various wound-healing stages to expedite recovery. Thymoqui-none, derived from Nigella sativa (N. sativa)—a medicinal herb with a long history of use in tradi-tional medicine systems such as Unani, Ayurveda, Chinese, and Greco-Arabic and Islamic medi-cine—has demonstrated a range of therapeutic properties. Thymoquinone exhibits antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic activities, positioning it as a potential remedy for skin pa-thologies. This review examines recent research on how thymoquinone accelerates wound healing and the mechanisms behind its effectiveness. We carried out a comprehensive review of literature and electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus. Our aim was to gather relevant papers published between 2015 and August 2023. The main crite-ria for inclusion were that the articles had to be peer reviewed, original, written in English, and discuss the wound-healing parameters of thymoquinone in wound repair. Our review focused on the effects of thymoquinone on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in wound heal-ing. We also examined the role of cytokines, signal transduction cascades, and clinical trials. We found sufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of thymoquinone in promoting wound healing. However, there is no consensus on the most effective concentrations of these substances. It is therefore essential to determine the optimal treatment doses and the best route of administra-tion. Further research is also needed to investigate potential side effects and the performance of thymoquinone in clinical trials.
... A. millefolium is one of the world's most commonly used medicinal herbs, with various applications, pharmacological effects, safety, and toxicity. The anti-inflammatory [20], spasmolytic [23], hemostatic [14], antibacterial activity against pneumonia [104], anti-kidney stones [105], anti-diarrhea [16],anti-abdominal pain [106], anticancer/tumor [24], Antiproliferative [107], analgesic effect [19], anxiolytic activity [108], skin-rejuvenating activity [109], and anthelmintic activity are linked to the safety of A. millefolium [110]. A. millefolium is also considered safe for use as a supplement [111]. ...
Background
Achillea millefolium, known as Yarrow, is a medicinal plant in the Asteraceae family which is one of the oldest known botanicals used by humans and itis one of the most important medicinal plants in the pharmaceutical field. Purpose: This review discusses pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and mechanism of action of the most important component of Achillea millefolium. There are a variety of same species such as white, red and yellow yarrow and all of these species have been discussed in this manuscript. We focus on previously discovered hormonal, antibiotic, and anticancer drug interactions with Achillea millefolium that may decrease or increase the concentration of certain drugs. We categorized different interactions of this herb into minor and serious ones, such as affecting Cytochromes P450 metabolism enzyme, resulting in a concentration rise in drugs such as Erythromycin, Diazepam, and Cyclosporine.
The reason of writing a review article in this field is our enthusiasm for pharmacology of herbal ingredients and also, we want to gather other scientists’ and our knowledge in this review for future researchers who like to know more about this plant pharmacological criteria in order to make their way.
Method
Pharmacological and phytochemical-specific details of Achillea millefolium, as well as related keywords, were used to conduct a literature search across the following essential collections of electronic databases: Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct.
Outcome
Achillea millefolium medical indications are the treatment of spasmodic gastrointestinal ulcers, inflammation, wound healing, and cancers, as well as excellent antioxidant activity. Camphene, Limonene, Apigenin and some other components show anti-inflammatory effects by cyclooxygenase inhibition, prostaglandin E2 inhibition and other mechanisms. Studies showed 90 % of its essential oil consists of monoterpenes which can be mutually beneficial with extract components.
Conclusion
A. millefolium can play a significant role as a strong antioxidant and anticancer source, positively affecting gastrointestinal inflammations.
