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Isolation of rabbit myxoma virus on RK-13 cells. A) RK-13 cells infected with rabbit MYXV field isolate-4 showing focal rounding and detachment of cells at 4 dpi. B) Monolayer culture of RK-13 cells.
Source publication
p class="Default">Myxomatosis is an endemic infectious, severe and often fatal disease of rabbit caused by myxoma virus. In the present study, myxomatosis outbreaks were reported in 7 domestic rabbit farms in Egypt. Rabbits showed oedema of the eyelids, facial oedema and blepharoconjunctivitis. The morbidity and lethality rates were 18-100% and 20-...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... CPE started with rounding and detachment of cells from the monolayer. Later, all cells were affected, and the cell monolayer detached completely (Figure 3). The presence of rabbit MYXV was confirmed using PCR performed on second and fourth passages for detection of a 471 bp corresponding to the M071L gene (data not shown). ...
Context 2
... CPE started with rounding and detachment of cells from the monolayer. Later, all cells were affected, and the cell monolayer detached completely (Figure 3). The presence of rabbit MYXV was confirmed using PCR performed on second and fourth passages for detection of a 471 bp corresponding to the M071L gene (data not shown). ...
Citations
... Rabbit meat also contributes to bridging the nutritional gap and provides the consumer with meat of great nutritional value and distinct because it contains a proportion of protein, vitamins and minerals equivalent to red meat with low cholesterol level (Khelfa et al., 2012a, b;Abdelnour et al., 2020b;Abou-Kassem et al., 2021). Viral, bacterial, parasitic and fungal diseases are among the most important risks threatening the poultry and rabbit industry all over the world (Setta et al., 2018;Abd El Hamid et al., 2019;Salem et al., 2019;Marouf et al., 2020;Morsy et al., 2020;Abd El-Hack et al., 2021). Recently, the world is moving to find natural and safe products to resist these diseases and raise the productive efficiency of birds and rabbits and provide a rich and safe food source for human con- The current study aimed to identify the possible effects of premating PRL profile on reproductive efficiency of multiparous doe rabbits (2nd parity) and litter characteristics of their offspring. ...
Ovulation failure was associated with a reduction in pre-mating concentrations of oestradiol-17β and prolactin (PRL). The present study aimed to evaluate whether pre-mating PRL levels have a role in the reproductive efficiency of doe rabbits. A total of 78 multiparous California does (2nd parity) were divided, according to plasma pre-mating PRL, into five categories, >20-25, >25-30, >30-35, >35-40, and >40-45 ng/ml. Does in all categories were naturally mated and kindled, then their reproductive measurements and progesterone (P4) levels were determined. Results show that pre-mating PRL averaged 23.60±0.78, 28.00±0.83, 33.46±0.43, 38.17±0.49 and 41.98±0.68 ng/ml in five categories (p < 0.05), respectively, representing the highest distribution (38.5%) in the 3rd-category. Live body weight of doe rabbits, at mating, pregnancy, and parturition increased (p < 0.05) with increasing pre-mating PRL level. The number of services, litter size, and pregnancy rate increased (p < 0.05) by increasing PRL levels. Reproductive traits and P4 level at mid-pregnancy of does, and the average weight of kits at birth increased (p < 0.05) by increasing PRL levels. The pre-mating PRL profile is important for the identification of reproductive performance in doe rabbits.
... 3,4,5 Both clinical forms can be accompanied by blepharitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, cephalic and anogenital oedema, as well as by clinical signs such as fever, dyspnoea, apathy, nasal discharge or prostration, resulting in mortality of up to 100%. [5][6][7][8] However, in American rabbits of the genus Sylvilagus, the virus' natural host, MYXV infection causes a mild disease characterised by an innocuous cutaneous fibroma. 3 Although it is known to affect mainly European rabbits, clinical manifestations associated with MYXV infection have been sporadically reported in European hare (Lepus europaeus) 3,9 and mountain hare (Lepus timidus) 1 in Europe. ...
... 9 Other skin lesions such as a bilateral blepharoconjunctivitis, with purulent discharge in some cases, as well as oronasal and anogenital oedema, coincided with those observed in ha-MYXV-infected rabbits. 20,21 These lesions were also reported in the classical myxomatous 8,30 and amyxomatous 4,26 forms of the disease in rabbits. Histopathological lesions were characterised by a hyperplastic epidermis with marked hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, as well as severe hydropic degeneration in epithelial cells with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, which were compatible with the ones observed in classical 8 and atypical 26,31 myxomatosis in rabbits and European hares. ...
... 20,21 These lesions were also reported in the classical myxomatous 8,30 and amyxomatous 4,26 forms of the disease in rabbits. Histopathological lesions were characterised by a hyperplastic epidermis with marked hyperkeratosis and acanthosis, as well as severe hydropic degeneration in epithelial cells with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, which were compatible with the ones observed in classical 8 and atypical 26,31 myxomatosis in rabbits and European hares. 9 The dermis showed inflammatory infiltrate and the typical myxoid matrix also described in rabbits infected with classical MYXV strains 31,32 and with the recombinant virus. ...
Background:
A cross-species jump was confirmed in 2018, when a novel recombinant myxoma virus (MYXV) (ha-MYXV) caused high mortality in Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) in the Iberian Peninsula.
Method:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the main lesions, tissular distribution and target cells of ha-MYXV in Iberian hare. Gross postmortem examinations and histological and immunohistochemical studies to detect ha-MYXV were carried out in 28 animals that were confirmed as ha-MYXV positive by PCR.
Results:
The main macroscopic lesions were bilateral blepharoconjunctivitis, epistaxis, intense congestion and oedema in several organs and some internal haemorrhages. Visible myxomas were not found. Histopathological examination revealed hyperplastic epidermis with predominant hyperkeratosis and myxoid matrix in the dermis. ha-MYXV-positive keratinocytes showed hydropic degeneration and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Alveolar oedema, interstitial pneumonia, dramatic lymphoid depletion in the spleen and necrosis in the liver and testis were observed. ha-MYXV was mainly detected in epithelial and myxoma cells in the skin, and also in macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells in several organs, as well as in hepatocytes and Leydig cells.
Limitations:
A non-homogeneous number of samples were included in all the animals. Future experimental studies with controlled variables are necessary.
Conclusion:
These findings correspond to an unusual form of myxomatosis, characterised by an acute or hyperacute presentation.
... Rabbit occupies an important midway place between monogastric and ruminant animals (Saleh et al., 2010). Infectious diseases such as viral (Salem et al., 2019), bacterial (Khelfa et al., 2012b;Khelfa et al., 2015) and parasitic infections (Morsy et al., 2020) have negative impacts on rabbit industry revealing severe economic losses. The bacterial multiplication in the caecum regulates rabbit digestive physiology, which includes caecotrophy, or the reuseing of microbial protein from the caecum (Abecia et al., 2005) and this process unlikes that occurs in the other animals gut (Lu et al., 2003;Edwards et al., 2004). ...
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the role of chamomile oil (Ch), grape seed oil (GS) , their mixture and antibiotic (colistin) (AN) as feed addetives on the productivity of growing rabbits as well as in-vitro study to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of both Ch and GS oils. To achive this objective, 96 New Zealand (NZW) weaned rabbits, 5 weeks old, with mean weight of 707.50 ± 3.14 g were randomly classified into 8 groups. Rabbits were kept under observation for 8 weeks and the trial ended at thirteen weeks old. The rabbits were classified as: 1) Basal diet (BD); 2) BD + antibiotic; 3) BD + 0.5 ml GS/ kg diet; 4) BD + 1.0 ml GS/ kg diet; 5) BD + 1.5 ml GS/ kg diet; 6) BD + 0.5 ml Ch/ kg diet; 7) BD + 1.0 ml Ch/ kg diet and 8) BD + 1.5 Ch/ kg diet. Broiler rabbits’ performance including [Live body weight (LBW), feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion rate (FCR)] and carcass properties were estimated. LBW, was markedly elevated (p<0.05) in groups fed on ration including feed additives compared with the control ones at week 9 and week 13 of age. Cumulative BWG and FI were increased (p<0.05) throughout 5-9 and 5-13 weeks old in the rabbits that fed ration plus studied additives, FCR insignificantly affected by additives in this trial. Spleen and intestine weight percentages were reduced (p<0.05) in groups treated with different studied additives. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of GS and Ch have a positive impact on the productivity of growing rabbits than control and antibiotic-treated groups.
The poultry industry contributes significantly to bridging the nutritional gap in many countries because of its meat and eggs products rich in protein and valuable nutrients at a cost less than other animal meat sources. The natural antibiotics alternatives including [probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, organic acids, essential oils, enzymes, immunostimulants and phytogenic (phytobiotic) including (herbs, botanicals, essential oils, and oleoresins)] are the most common feed additives that acquire popularity in poultry industry following the ban of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). They are commonly used worldwide because of their unique properties and positive impact on poultry production. They can be easily mixed with other feed ingredients, have no tissue residues, improve feed intake, feed gain, feed conversion rate, improve bird immunity, improve digestion, increase nutrients availability as well as absorbability, have antimicrobial effects, do not affect carcass characters, decrease the usage of antibiotics, acts as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, compete for stress factors and provide healthy organic products for human consumption. Therefore, the current review focuses on a comprehensive description of different natural antibiotic growth promoters’ alternatives, the mode of their action, and their impacts on poultry production.
