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Cancer is at present one of the utmost deadly diseases worldwide. Past efforts in cancer research have focused on natural medicinal products. Over the past decades, a great deal of initiatives was invested towards isolating and identifying new marine metabolites via pharmaceutical companies, and research institutions in general. Secondary marine me...
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... addition, it also possessed potent cytotoxicity against the H-460 human lung cancer cell line [123]. Wewakpeptins A-D (53-56) (Figures 8 and 9) are depsipeptides obtained from Lyngbya semiplena that have exhibited anticancer activity by inhibiting the proliferation of H-460 lung cancer cells [124]. ...
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... addition, it also possessed potent cytotoxicity against the H-460 human lung cancer cell line [123]. Wewakpeptins A-D (53-56) ( Figures 8 and 9) are depsipeptides obtained from Lyngbya semiplena that have exhibited anticancer activity by inhibiting the proliferation of H-460 lung cancer cells [124]. ...
Citations
... Highly hydrophobic two or three domains each with five or six putative transmembrane segments are arranged in an α-helical pattern. [76] The extremely conserved characteristic feature of the transporters that manage the F I G U R E 1 Molecular mechanisms for MDR, includes (1) Drug efflux transporter-dependent mechanisms decreased the drug uptake, (2) Mutational changes in drug targets, (3) Induced mechanism to inactivate drugs, (4) DNA damage repair, and (5) Figure 2. [83] The NBDs play a key role in ATP hydrolysis via ATPase. ...
Achieving targeted, customized, and combination therapies with clarity of the involved molecular pathways is crucial in the treatment as well as overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer. Nanotechnology has emerged as an innovative and promising approach to address the problem of drug resistance. Developing nano-formulation-based therapies using therapeutic agents poses a synergistic effect to overcome MDR in cancer. In this review, we aimed to highlight the important pathways involved in the progression of MDR in cancer mediated through nanotechnology-based approaches that have been employed to circumvent them in recent years. Here, we also discussed the potential use of marine metabolites to treat MDR in cancer, utilizing active drug-targeting nanomedicine-based techniques to enhance selective drug accumulation in cancer cells. The discussion also provides future insights for developing complex targeted, multistage responsive nanomedical drug delivery systems for effective cancer treatments. We propose more combinational studies and their validation for the possible marine-based nanoformulations for future development.
... CTX, a trapezoidal polyether toxin, is highly toxic and originates from the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus. It accumulates in fish through the food chain and poses a risk to human health upon consumption [32]. PTX, a linear polyether toxin found in palythoa, is one of the most toxic and complex compounds among non-peptide MBs [31]. ...
Marine biotoxins (MBs), harmful metabolites of marine organisms, pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems and human health due to their diverse composition and widespread occurrence. Consequently, rapid and efficient detection technology is crucial for maintaining marine ecosystem and human health. In recent years, rapid detection technology has garnered considerable attention for its pivotal role in identifying MBs, with advancements in sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. These technologies offer attributes such as speed, high throughput, and automation, thereby meeting detection requirements across various scenarios. This review provides an overview of the classification and risks associated with MBs. It briefly outlines the current research status of marine biotoxin biosensors and introduces the fundamental principles, advantages, and limitations of optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric biosensors. Additionally, the review explores the current applications in the detection of MBs and presents forward-looking perspectives on their development, which aims to be a comprehensive resource for the design and implementation of tailored biosensors for effective MB detection.
... The search for natural compounds with potential antiprotozoal activity has driven researchers to investigate microalgae and cyanobacteria as useful platforms for the synthesis of secondary metabolites, including peptides, polyketides, alkaloids, porphyrins, steroids, and terpenes (Bamunuarachchi et al., 2021;Costa et al., 2022;Mondal et al., 2020). Several studies that evaluate the antiprotozoal activity of microalgal/cyanobacterial extracts against Leishmaniasis are listed in Table 2. Microalgal and/or cyanobacterial extracts have been tested on a (Table 2). ...
... Many microalgal species contain carotenoids as their bioactive constituents and in spite of the notable research and development in this field and engineering algal carotenogenesis, many theories remain to be unexplained (Varela et al., 2015). Microalgal metabolites have demonstrated promising potential for cancer treatment but there are numerous challenges linked with the formulation of these substances as drugs which require consideration (Mondal et al., 2020). Another challenge is the improper distribution of useful species across various oceans and its lack of accessibility of oceanographers and researchers. ...
... Majusculamide C and D ( Figure 6) and desmethoxymajusculamide C are cyclopeptolides derived from the marine cyanobacterium L. majuscula. Majusculamide C demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against ovarian carcinoma (OVCAR-3), kidney cancer (A498), glioblastoma SF-295, NCI-H460, and colorectal cancer (KM20L2) cell lines with IC 50 values of 0.51, 0.058, 0.013, 0.0032, and 0.0013 μg/ mL, respectively [58] . Desmethoxymajusculamide C has been shown to display strong cytotoxicity against HCT-116, with an IC 50 value of 20 nM [9] . ...
... Desmethoxymajusculamide C has been shown to display strong cytotoxicity against HCT-116, with an IC 50 value of 20 nM [9] . Moreover, majusculamide D is cytotoxic to PANC-1, U251N, HepG2, NCI-H125, and P388, with IC 50 values of 0.32, 36.8, 1396, 147, and 3.3 nM, respectively [58] . ...
Cyanobacteria are rich in bioactive compounds that exhibit diverse biological activities, including antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and antineoplastic properties. Many of these compounds are currently being studied in clinical trials. In this paper, newly discovered bioactive compounds from various cyanobacteria species that have demonstrated anticancer effects against multiple cancer cell lines, such as apratoxin, symplostatin 1, bartolosides, caylobolide, bisebromoamides, carmaphycins, and anaenamides, are reviewed. At present, there are no clear guidelines on approving cyanobacteria-derived bioactive compounds for use in treating diseases. While it is not uncommon that the intake of these compounds is accompanied by side effects, investigations on these compounds should focus on increasing the safety and efficacy of the compounds, or at least tread a fine line between drug safety and effectiveness for cancer patients. This review overviews the efficacy and cytotoxicity of cyanobacteria-derived bioactive compounds, providing researchers insights into how to maximize the benefits of these compounds through research.
... This review examines the potential of marine microbial and microalgal metabolites as anticancer drugs, including their chemical structure and mechanisms of action. The limitations, challenges, and future research are also discussed (Mondal et al., 2020). Marine nucleosides have demonstrated various abilities to exhibit bioactivity such as B. anticancer, antiviral, muscle relaxant, hypotensive, and vasodilator properties (Huang et al., 2014). ...
Marine cyanobacterial bioactives, due to their diverse chemistry and promising pharmacological properties, hold significant potential as therapeutic agents. Here, we comprehensively review the scientific state-of-the-art relating to marine cyanobacterial bioactives, including bioprospecting, preclinical and clinical studies, mechanisms of action, safety and toxicity considerations, sustainability, and conservation. We discuss challenges in and opportunities for developing marine cyanobacterial bioactives as therapeutics; we underscore their potential in treating life-threatening health ailments, such as cancer and neurodegenerative, inflammatory and viral diseases. We further articulate the significant potential of marine cyanobacterial bioactives for improving human health, and identify future research directions underpinning their development as therapeutics.
... in the vasculature of the cancer with tubulin inhibitory activity, leading to cell death(Mondal et al., 2020). TisotumabVedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate under Phase II of clinical research, extracted from cyanobacteria and mollusks. ...
Cyanobacteria a group of photosynthetic
microorganisms, exist in almost all ecosystems in the
world. Regarding health and disease prevention,
cyanobacteria have been cited as a promising natural
source of diverse secondary metabolites that exhibit
significant bioactivities with potential pharmacological
uses. Presently, great attention has been concentrated on
the anticancer role of aquatic cyanobacteria that
comprise an important source of bioactive compounds.
Cyanobacteria-derived natural compounds and their
synthetic analogs exhibited attractive results and showed
remarkable activity by reaching phase II and III clinical
trials successfully. Therefore, natural products from
cyanobacteria might represent promising sources for
novel anticancer therapy. Besides, microbial infections
and infectious diseases from antimicrobial resistance
(AMR) pose a direct threat to health and well-being
because of the increase in antimicrobial resistance and
the evolution of novel pathogenic strains. The search for
novel antibiotics become increasingly urgent. Extensive
efforts have been invested to find antimicrobial
compounds from cyanobacteria to limit the misuse of commercial antibiotics. The development of natural
anticancer and antimicrobial compounds from fresh
water and marine cyanobacterial metabolites is a
valuable trial. This review article summarizes the
reported anticancer, antiviral, antifungal, and
antibacterial properties of cyanobacteria and their
mechanisms of action.
... [17,18]. Marine cyanobacteria have attracted the attention of many scientists in the fields of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology [19], as they demonstrate powerful biological activities such as antibacterial [20], antifungal [21], anticancer [22], and cytotoxic activities [23], as well as immunosuppression [24], anti-inflammatory [25], and antioxidant properties [26]. For instance, apratoxin D is a potent bioactive compound that is isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. and has demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against human lung cancer cells [27]. ...
... Nine bioactive Mar. Drugs 2023, 21, 439 6 of 34 compounds, Microcolin E-M (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25), were isolated from the marine cyanobacteria Moorea producens. Cytotoxic activity was tested in-vitro using human lung carcinoma (H460). ...
Marine cyanobacteria are an ancient group of photosynthetic microbes dating back to 3.5 million years ago. They are prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Over millions of years, natural selection has optimized their metabolites to possess activities impacting various biological targets. This paper discusses the historical and existential records of cyanobacteria, and their role in understanding the evolution of marine cyanobacteria through the ages. Recent advancements have focused on isolating and screening bioactive compounds and their respective medicinal properties, and we also discuss chemical property space and clinical trials, where compounds with potential pharmacological effects, such as cytotoxicity, anticancer, and antiparasitic properties, are highlighted. The data have shown that about 43% of the compounds investigated have cytotoxic effects, and around 8% have anti-trypanosome activity. We discussed the role of different marine cyanobacteria groups in fixing nitrogen percentages on Earth and their outcomes in fish productivity by entering food webs and enhancing productivity in different agricultural and ecological fields. The role of marine cyanobacteria in the carbon cycle and their outcomes in improving the efficiency of photosynthetic CO2 fixation in the chloroplasts of crop plants, thus enhancing the crop plant’s yield, was highlighted. Ultimately, climate changes have a significant impact on marine cyanobacteria where the temperature rises, and CO2 improves the cyanobacterial nitrogen fixation.
... One kind of bio-polysaccharide found in the ocean is called alginates. Brown algae, such as Ascophyllum nodosum, Laminaria digitata, Macrocystis pyrifera, and Laminaria hyperborea, as well as bacteria, contain anionic linear natural polysaccharide groups called alginates [152,153]. Chemically, alginates consist of the linear blocks of (1→4)-linkage between D-mannuronic acid(M) and α-L-guluronic acid(G) monomers. These linear blocks are anionic copolymers comprised of α-L-guluronic acid (G unit) as well as β-D-mannuronic acid (M unit) arranged in an irregular arrangement of various proportions of GG, MG, and MM units, having 1, 4-glycosidic linkages among these [120] (Figure 11). ...
Cancer is one of the most common lethal diseases and the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Effective cancer treatment is a global problem, and subsequent advancements in nanomedicine are useful as substitute management for anti-cancer agents. Nanotechnology, which is gaining popularity, enables fast-expanding delivery methods in science for curing diseases in a site-specific approach, utilizing natural bioactive substances because several studies have established that natural plant-based bioactive compounds can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Bioactive, in combination with nanotechnology, is an exceptionally alluring and recent development in the fight against cancer. Along with their nutritional advantages, natural bioactive chemicals may be used as chemotherapeutic medications to manage cancer. Alginate, starch, xanthan gum, pectin, guar gum, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, albumin, collagen, cellulose, chitosan, and other biopolymers have been employed successfully in the delivery of medicinal products to particular sites. Due to their biodegradability, natural polymeric nanobiocomposites have garnered much interest in developing novel anti-cancer drug delivery methods. There are several techniques to create biopolymer-based nanoparticle systems. However, these systems must be created in an affordable and environmentally sustainable way to be more readily available, selective, and less hazardous to increase treatment effectiveness. Thus, an extensive comprehension of the various facets and recent developments in natural polymeric nanobiocomposites utilized to deliver anti-cancer drugs is imperative. The present article provides an overview of the latest research and developments in natural polymeric nanobiocomposites, particularly emphasizing their applications in the controlled and targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs.
... Natural anticancer agents could provide an effective solution to this problem. For example, metabolites from microalgae have been suggested as a promising source of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer [74]. In addition to the active compounds, several studies have tested crude extracts to demonstrate anticancer activity. ...
