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... d hi is the percentage of damage for the i th floor corresponding to the depth of water above the i th floor, h i the depth of water above the i th floor, H i the height of the i th floor, D max i the maximum percentage of damage for the i th floor, and r i is the rate control for the i th floor. Overall, for this concept, the authors have tried to create a simple and flexible curve with regards to the variability in the number of storeys, height of storeys, and the distribution of components through the height of the building. Therefore, users can manipulate and calibrate this model easily based on the characteristics and types of buildings for other areas of study. For this study, two areas have been selected. The first study area is Bundaberg city in Queensland, Australia. Location of this city, as illustrated in Fig. 1, is part of the Bundaberg region located north of the state’s capital, Brisbane. The economy of the Bundaberg region is mainly dependent on the agricultural sectors, service sectors, and the tourism industry (Queensland Government, 2011a). In recent years, this city has experienced some extreme flood events because it is located in the vicinity of the Burnett River waterway. The Bundaberg ground elevation and the Burnett River catchment are illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3. The most recent flood responses from Bundaberg Regional Council date back to the floods in November 2010, January 2013, February 2013, and February 2015. The empirical data used for calibrating FLFA rs were collected after the January 2013 Bundaberg flood event. This flood event that occurred from 21 to 29 January 2013 was a result of Tropical Cyclone Oswald, and the associated rainfall and flooding had a catastrophic effect on Queensland, with it being considered as the worst flood experienced in Bundaberg’s recorded history. The height of the floodwaters in Bundaberg city from Burnett River reached 9.53 m at its peak, and over 2000 properties were affected (Queensland Government, 2013). The propagation of the water depth is illustrated in Fig. 4. During this flood event in the Bundaberg region, 200 businesses were inundated and over 2000 residents and 70 hospital patients were evacuated. Furthermore, the natural gas and power supplies were disrupted, agricultural and marine environments were impacted, and usage of coal and insurance claims dramatically increased (Queensland Government, 2013). In addition to this significant damage level, closures of the Bundaberg port, railways and roads had a considerable effect on the economy of this region. According to comments from the communications team of the Queensland Reconstruction Authority, Bundaberg Regional Council estimated that the public infrastructure damage from the natural disaster events of 2013 was approximately AUD 103 million. Furthermore, for validating the applied damage models, empirical data collected from 2012 flood event in the city of Roma, located in the Maranoa region in Queensland, have been utilised. This town, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6, is sit- uated on Bungil Creek, a tributary of the Condamine River. The top five industry subdivisions of employment for work- ers in the Maranoa Regional Council are agriculture, public administration, education, oil and gas extraction, and retail stores (Queensland Government, 2011b). According to comments from the communications team of the Queensland Reconstruction Authority, in the last few years, the Maranoa Regional Council has had to respond to the following disaster ...
