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The main goal of this work is to design an UWB antenna for underwater communications and its applications. One of these applications is the Smart-PEAS project. This antenna will be integrated into these sensors in order to allow the communication between them when they are placed in liquid.
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Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Electromagnetismo y Física de la Materia. Leída el 9 de mayo de 2005
Citations
... He concluded that transfer range is higher in fresh water compared to sea water. In paper [16], it was concluded that, the transmission level in pure water is 5dB lower than in air. However, if the conductivity increases, the channel attenuation increases too. ...
... The recent narrow-band [21][22][23][24][25] antennas with a lower gain and a bigger size are designed with a complicated structure even though the Photonic Band Gap (PBG) structure could be a promising periodic structure to compensate those drawbacks. There are wide-band and ultra-wideband antennas in [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] with less working BW, and a lower gain along with more substantial dimensions compared to the operating frequency for underwater communications. However, their implemented patch shape antennas complicated the design more. ...
... Researchers have tried to design an antenna to work at lower frequency bands to be more applicable for underwater communications. They designed a loop antenna, a dipole antenna, for narrowband communication [26,32], and a bow-tie antenna [35] for shortrange communications, especially an ISM band [36]. However, the authors in Reference [26] designed a UWB antenna for the range of 0.15-1 GHz, which was bulky and longerrange communication as compared to the conventional UWB antennas working for shortrange communications. ...
... They designed a loop antenna, a dipole antenna, for narrowband communication [26,32], and a bow-tie antenna [35] for shortrange communications, especially an ISM band [36]. However, the authors in Reference [26] designed a UWB antenna for the range of 0.15-1 GHz, which was bulky and longerrange communication as compared to the conventional UWB antennas working for shortrange communications. The narrow band antenna in Reference [36] was investigated in the frequency range of 0-10 GHz. ...
The increasing needs of free licensed frequency bands like Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and 5G for underwater communications required more bandwidth (BW) with higher data transferring rate. Microwaves produce a higher transferring rate of data, and their associated devices are smaller in comparison with sonar and ultrasonic. Thus, transceivers should have broad BW to cover more of a frequency band, especially from ultra-wide-band (UWB) systems, which show potential outcomes. However, previous designs of similar work for underwater communications were very complicated, uneasy to fabricate, and large. Therefore, to overcome these shortcomings, a novel compact elliptical UWB antenna is designed to resonate from 1.3 to 7.2 GHz. It is invented from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer with a dielectric constant of 2.55 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm. The proposed antenna shows higher gain and radiation efficiency and stability throughout the working band when compared to recent similarly reported designs, even at a smaller size. The characteristics of the functioning antenna are investigated through fluid mediums of freshwater , seawater, distilled water, and Debye model water. Later, its channel capacity, bit rate error, and data rate are evaluated. The results demonstrated that the antenna offers compact, easier fabrication with better UWB characteristics for underwater 5G communications .
... With such complexities, the medium is now non-homogenous, thus, it introduces highly undesirable constraints due to reflections and refractions from the boundaries of the mediums. Therefore, it can facilely be speculated that the wave pattern by the selected EM source will not be the sole function of the antenna and that it further depends on the dielectric and conductive properties of the medium [26,27]. For the reason, the simulations were performed on the model depicted in Fig. 5 to study the radiation pattern by the source without inserting oil layer in the given boundary conditions. ...
Marine controlled-source electromagnetic method (MCSEM) for seabed logging (SBL) uses a dipole source to
generate low-frequency signals, and arrays of receivers to map the potential presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The characteristic
depth of signal penetration in the subsurface, termed as skin depth, is one of the key parameters. However, the electromagnetic
response by the resistive target in contrast to the skin depth evaluation has been less thoroughly documented. In this paper, a
lab scale testing is performed to generate a data set with precisely scaled dimensions. The purpose is to verify the skin depth
phenomenon in complex stratified mediums for hydrocarbon detection. The synthetic electromagnetic data is produced using
1D modeling to validate the experimental results. The calculated correlation coefficient (CC) of more than 0.9 showed a good
agreement between experimental and synthetic response. This outcome reveals that the depth of hydrocarbon detection does not
solely depend on the skin depth of the applied frequency. The validated results recommend that a broadband electromagnetic
transmitting system may reveal more authentic information about the hydrocarbon presence and extent of the hydrocarbon
prospects.
... Les logiciels FEKO et CST Microwave Studio répondent cependant à notre problématique. Nous avons retenu le premier qui est plus adapté à notre contexte d'utilisation [3]. Un des éléments clefs de la simulation est le choix du maillage de l'antenne qui doit être beaucoup plus dense que celui modélisant l'air, compte tenu notamment de la forte valeur de la permittivité de l'eau. ...
Cet article décrit la conception d'un modem
électromagnétique utilisable dans un réseau de
télémétrie sous-marine à courte distance, principalement
appliqué à l'analyse de données environnementales. Le
choix de la gamme de fréquence porteuse repose sur une
analyse du paramètre de propagation de l'onde
électromagnétique dans l'eau de mer, tandis que
l'antenne est optimisée à l'aide du logiciel de simulation
FEKO. Les premiers tests ont permis de réaliser une
transmission sur une dizaine de mètres.
... To perform such kind of simulations, dedicated software must be used. In [5] a comparison between several tools leads to the choice of FEKO Software [6]. ...
... This parameter is connected with the radiation control, and is utilized to know the antenna proficiency. The antennas size ought to be under 5cm of span [8]. The antennas in water are inclined to erosion, so a protected antenna is liked to one made of exposed metal [22]. ...
... In acoustic the transfer speed is undesirably constrained [33], albeit utilized for long separation interchanges. Conductivity, dielectric steady and permittivity are the vital variables in the undersea communications where they change with frequency and temperature [7], [8]. Impedance increments with frequency, however diminishes with the conductivity. ...
... However, because of the high dielectric property of water, matching circuit in circuit may experience the ill effects of complete sign misfortune [24]. In addition the dielectric consistent does not fluctuate inside the 10 MHz-1 GHz frequency range [8]. ...
In this paper, the outline and execution of antenna sorts in wide band frequencies for sea communication are broke down. This work primarily focuses on outlining a high frequency wide band antenna which has high directivity, omni directional radiation design, little size and great time space performances.
... This parameter is connected with the radiation control, and is utilized to know the antenna proficiency. The antennas size ought to be under 5cm of span [8]. The antennas in water are inclined to erosion, so a protected antenna is liked to one made of exposed metal [22]. ...
... In acoustic the transfer speed is undesirably constrained [33], albeit utilized for long separation interchanges. Conductivity, dielectric steady and permittivity are the vital variables in the undersea communications where they change with frequency and temperature [7], [8]. Impedance increments with frequency, however diminishes with the conductivity. ...
... However, because of the high dielectric property of water, matching circuit in circuit may experience the ill effects of complete sign misfortune [24]. In addition the dielectric consistent does not fluctuate inside the 10 MHz-1 GHz frequency range [8]. ...
In this paper, the outline and execution of antenna sorts in wide band frequencies for sea communication are broke down. This work primarily focuses on outlining a high frequency wide band antenna which has high directivity, omni directional radiation design, little size and great time space performances.
... To date, only a few amphibious antennas have been reported in the literature [7]- [9]. Utilizing an ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is the most intuitive way to realize an amphibious antenna [7], [8]. ...
... To date, only a few amphibious antennas have been reported in the literature [7]- [9]. Utilizing an ultrawideband (UWB) antenna is the most intuitive way to realize an amphibious antenna [7], [8]. Its inherent wideband nature allows good impedance matching in both the media even if the electrical lengths of the antenna are dramatically different 0018-926X © 2016 IEEE. ...
... On the other hand, in a more general scenario such as tan δ = 0.04 or σ = 800 μS/cm, the efficiency remains better than 8.5%. As the operating frequency is not high, the path loss is relatively low, and the transmission link should be workable if the receiver module is properly designed [7]. ...
A fully planar amphibious antenna, capable of providing efficient radiation when surrounded by air as well as by water, is demonstrated. Benefiting from a dual-operational mode passive matching network that simply consists of a synthesized transmission line and a common delay line, the antenna is well matched in both the media with acceptable total efficiency. The synthesized line, comprising merely six quasi-lumped elements, functions identically to a conventional line in air, but automatically reconfigures as an open circuit in water. The design principle and synthesis procedure are introduced in detail. The planar antenna, with a size of 0.115 × 0.094 λ0² and weighing 8 g, is operated in the 433-MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. When surrounded by air and water, the measured-10-dB fractional bandwidths are 3.2% and 14.5%, respectively. The average gain and total efficiency are-3.6 dBi and 34.5% in air, and become-8.8 dBi and 15.4% when immersed in water.
... For applications requiring the transfer of large amount of data (100 kbps) over short distance, WFS also developed Seatooth in 2007, a broadband radio telemetry link which allows an AUV to approach and download large amounts of data from a stationary underwater sensor without docking [14]. [15], [16], [17] present a recent work concentrated on antenna design in undersea communications. They respectively deal with loop antennas, bow-tie antenna and dipoles. ...
Several techniques of wireless communication can
be employed within underwater environment. In this context,
acoustic communication is the most widespread technology
that has demonstrated its effectiveness. Nevertheless, inspite
of its multiple advantages, acoustic communication is prone
to throughput limitation. Hence, other carriers are needed in
order to deal with acoustic communication drawbacks. In a
such complex environment, radio and optical communications are
promising techniques since they may reach higher throughput.
In this paper, we propose a deep study of the most prominent
wireless communication methods for underwater environment
namely acoustic, radio and optical carriers. Besides, a comparison
between the aforementioned carriers is put forward. Based on
the carried out study, we design a water monitoring system for
pollution detection in river. The aim consists in selecting the
most suitable underwater carrier that can possibly enhance the
point-to-point communication among underwater sensor nodes.
... This parameter is related with the radiation power, and is used to know the antenna efficiency. The antenna size should be less than 5cm of radius [8]. The antennas in water are prone to corrosion, so an insulated antenna is preferred to one made of bare metal [24].The attenuation is less in low frequencies and our work mainly concentrate on lower wide band frequencies [15].In earlier works acoustic waves are used for the communication in undersea, but the low speed and time varying properties make the acoustic frequencies less preferable in modern communications. ...
... In acoustic the bandwidth is undesirably limited [39], although used for long distance communications. Conductivity, dielectric constant and permittivity are the important factors in the undersea communications where they change with frequency and temperature [7], [8].Impedance increases with frequency, but decreases with the conductivity. Impedance matching is an important aspect in any antenna design commonly uses a matching circuit for designed antenna in air. ...
... But due to the high dielectric property of water, matching circuit in circuit may suffer from complete signal loss [26].The problem with this radio communication is that water readily absorbs radio frequencies around the 2.4 GHz region, which is why microwave cooking units operate at 2.45GHz [30]. Moreover the dielectric constant does not vary within the 10 MHz-1 GHz frequency range [8]. ...
In this review paper, the design and implementation of antenna types in wide band frequencies for ocean communication are analysed. This work mainly concentrates on designing a high frequency wide band antenna which has high directivity, omni directional radiation pattern, small size and good time domain performances.
