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... However, there is actually very little tangible evidence, beyond anecdotes and inconclusive research that demonstrates sport has the potential to fulfill this role in communities. In the European context, Amara, Aquilina, Henry andTaylor (2004)demonstrated that the contribution of sport, as an instrument of informal education, to the multicultural dialogue between young people is an important element in promoting the integration of recent immigrants. Their research provided some evidence that sport can play a role in breaking the state of isolation and depression that newcomers go through during their settlement processes. ...
While sport is widely understood to produce positive social outcomes for communities, such as the inclusion of diverse and marginalized groups, little researched has focused on the specific processes through which these outcomes may or may not be occurring. In this paper, we discuss the Community Cup program, and specifically a participatory sport event which seeks to connect newcomers to Canada (recent immigrants and refugees) in order to build capacity, connect communities, and facilitate further avenues to participation in community life. For this research, we worked collaboratively with the program to conduct an intrinsic case study, utilizing participant observation, document analysis, focus group, and semi-structured interviews. We discuss how the structure and organization of the event influences participants’ experiences and consequently how this impacts the adaptation and acculturation processes. Using Donnelly and Coakley's (2002) cornerstones of social inclusion and Berry’s (1992) framework for understanding acculturation, we critically discuss the ways that the participatory sport event may provide an avenue for inclusion of newcomers, as well as the aspects of inclusion that the event does not address. While exploratory in nature, this paper begins to unpack the complex process of how inclusion may or may not be facilitated through sport, as well discussing the role of the management of these sporting practices. Furthermore, based on our discussion, we offer suggestions for sport event managers to improve the design and implementation of programming offered for diverse/newcomer populations.
... The residual distinctiveness of these dominant models allows us to highlight below a series of contrasting sport policy positions in ideal typical terms reflecting the policy goals relating to fostering cultural openness and social inclusion through sport, which are consistent with these different positions. Table 1 below is adapted and extended from a typology introduced in an earlier publication (Henry et al., 2007) based on a study commissioned by the European Commission Sport Unit on Sport and Multicultural Dialogue (Amara, Aquilina, Henry, & PMP Consultants, 2004). This table seeks to sketch out the relationship between concepts of assimilation and integration, multiculturalism, interculturalism and cultural separatism, and models of citizenship, to policy goals associated with maintaining openness and social inclusion. ...
... Academic literature tempers the enthusiasm presented in policy, demonstrating that while empirical evidence is available to support some of these ideals, the value of sport in resettlement is much less clear-cut than policy would indicate (Amara, Aquilina, Henry, & PMP Consultants, 2004). Studies have suggested that sport can contribute to a general sense of well-being; provide a space to spend time with their family; put aside other settlement problems; promote social networks and contribute to the development of social capital (Amara et al., 2006, Doherty & Taylor, 2007. ...
Within recent years, policy makers and practitioners have increasingly drawn on sport
as a vehicle to assist with the resettlement of young people from refugee backgrounds.
This article presents the views of sport development and resettlement service staff
responsible for supporting the participation of young refugees within sport. Our data
suggest that while there are a myriad of well-established barriers beyond the sporting
context that restrict the participation of young people from refugee backgrounds,
there are considerable issues within mainstream sports settings and structures
that will continue to reduce the value of sport in the resettlement process. Sports
providers continue to attempt to integrate young people from refugee backgrounds
into existing mainstream sport structures that may not meet their needs or provide
inclusive environments. We outline how sporting practices reflect broader integration/
resettlement policy rhetoric and suggest problematizing the structure and culture of
sport is essential if it is to be of value in resettlement work
... Consultants to evaluate the ways in which sport has been used to reduce intercultural tensions and to map out the methods used and benefits claimed for such policy goals in each of the 25 Member States. The study was submitted to the Commission inSeptember 2004(Amara, Aquilina, Henry, & Taylor, 2004with a second project on sport as a vehicle of social inclusion of refugees and asylum seekers also funded by the European Commission, this time as part of the European Year of Education through Sport (Amara et al., 2005), and finally I will draw more briefly on a project undertaken for the IOC onWomen and Leadership in the Olympic Movement (Henry et al., 2004). The presentation will be structured around addressing three themes: The first theme relates to the question of how concepts of multiculturalism or interculturalism, nationality and citizenship can be linked to sports policy. ...
Opening conference of the academic course 2005/06 of the Olympic Studies Centre (CEO-UAB), given by Dr. Ian P. Henry, director of the Institute for Sport and Leisure Policy at Loughborough University (United Kingdom). The paper is structured around addressing three themes: how concepts of multiculturalism or interculturalism, nationality and citizenship can be linked to sports policy; how we can conceptualise (and therefore evaluate) the benefits which might be claimed to accrue from sporting projects in terms of multicultural or integration policy; and finally the issue of gender, multiculturalism and sports policy. Texto de la conferencia inaugural del curso 2005/06 del Centro de Estudios Olímpicos (CEO-UAB), impartida por el Dr. Ian P. Henry, director del Institute for Sport and Leisure Policy de la Universidad de Loughborough (Reino Unido). El texto se estructura entorno a tres temas: como los conceptos de multiculturalismo o interculturalismo, nacionalidad y ciudadanía pueden vincularse a la política deportiva; como podemos conceptualizar (y por tanto evaluar) los beneficios que pueden esperarse de los proyectos deportivos en términos de política multicultural o de integración; y finalmente los temas de género, multiculturalismo y política deportiva. Text de la conferència inaugural del curs 2005/06 del Centre d’Estudis Olímpics (CEO-UAB), impartida pel Dr. Ian P. Henry, director de l’Institut de Política Esportiva i d’Oci de la Universitat de Loughborough (Regne Unit). El text s’estructura al voltant de tres temes: com els conceptes de multiculturalisme o interculturalisme, nacionalitat i ciutadania es poden vincular a la política esportiva; com podem conceptualitzar (i per tant avaluar) els beneficis que poden esperar-se dels projectes esportius en termes de política multicultural o d’integració; i finalment els temes de gènere, multiculturalisme i política esportiva.
During recent years, there has been a growing focus within sports research on
ethnic minorities and their involvement in sports. In UK, studies show that
Muslim organisations offering sports activities to their members are a common
phenomenon. The establishment of sports clubs by minority groups has been
met with scepticism from governmental bodies because it is perceived as a
‘segregated’ activity that does not contribute to integration. However, in Norway,
no research has been conducted on the output of these establishments, something
this paper hopes to redress in part. The paper reports on a research project which
aimed to examine the role of Muslim organisations in Norway in the development
of social capital and integration through sport. The theoretical approach to
the study of integration has Putnam’s concept and understanding of social capital
as point of departure. The study is based on interviews with representatives of
seven Muslim organisations (mosques) in Oslo as well as participant observation
at two arrangements. The sports activities offered by the mosques are first and
foremost used by the mosques as a tool to recruit and gather Muslim youth. The
study reveals the integration aspect of the work conducted by the Muslim organisations.
It is argued that the Muslim organisations’ idea of supporting youth to
become ‘Norwegian Muslim’ is built on an ‘anti-racism multiculturalism’
discourse which rejects assimilation. A key aspect of this discourse is that
minorities turn a negative difference ascribed by the majority into a positive
identity to be proud of. As such, the work emphasises the possibility of being
both Muslim and well-integrated into Norwegian society. Hence, the article
argues for an integration perspective that recognises the integration work being
carried out by minority organisations, even though this work, in terms of social
networks, has more of a bonding character.
Sport has long been considered by policy makers to contribute to a wide range of ideals associated with Putnam's notion of social capital, such as voluntarism, citizenship, democracy, community well-being, trust, inter-cultural knowledge and social networks. However, sport research that confirms such assumptions is scarce. This article focuses on the social network dimension of social capital, and whether participation in sport leads to the accumulation of social capital for young women with an immigrant background. This article is based on interviews with 15 female athletes living in Norway, aged 16-25 years. The young women belong to the so-called second generation of immigrants. The article makes an analytical distinction between bridging social capital within sports clubs (the process of getting to know people who might be different from oneself, for example, people belonging to another ethnic group) and bonding social capital within sports clubs (activities where maintaining existing relationships with people who are similar to one's self is the goal). The findings indicate that young women with an immigrant background both bridge and bond social capital within sports clubs, though there seem to be some barriers. The sports clubs are found to be well-suited arenas for bridging social capital among immigrants from various ethnic minority backgrounds. However, the sports clubs in this study play a limited role as an arena for bridging social capital across social class and the immigrant-non-immigrant divide.
L’arribada a Catalunya d’immigració recent procedent de tots els continents posa a prova la capacitat d’inclusió de la societat catalana. Un dels espais privilegiats per fomentar aquesta inclusió és el temps de lleure, i una de les activitats més adequades és l’esport i l’activitat física. En aquest article es fa en primer lloc un repàs a quines són les polítiques actuals al respecte a tres escales: europea, estatal i catalana. A continuació, s’aporten dades d’una petita recerca feta ad hoc en sis ciutats mitjanes per tal d’esbrinar fins a quin grau aquestes polítiques tenen impacte i incidència en la realitat local. Acabem l’article explorant possibles vies d’aprofundiment en la investigació a la llum de les mancances i els nous camps descoberts arran de la recerca realitzada.
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L’arrivée récente en Catalogne d’une immigration provenant de tous les continents met à l’épreuve la capacité d’intégration de la société catalane. L’un des espaces privilégiés pour développer cette intégration est le temps libre, et l’une des activités les plus adaptées est le sport et l’activité physique. Dans cet article, nous faisons, en premier lieu, une révision des politiques actuelles à cet égard sur trois niveaux : européen, national et catalan. Ensuite, nous apportons les données d’une petite recherche ad hoc réalisée dans six villes moyennes afin de vérifier jusqu’à quel point ces politiques ont un impact et une incidence sur la réalité locale. Nous terminons l’article en explorant de possibles voies d’approfondissement de la recherche à la lumière des carences ainsi que des nouveaux domaines découverts dans le cadre de la recherche réalisée.
