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Internal Structure of LCD LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs (seven segment LEDs or other multi segment LEDs) because of the following reasons:
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![Fig 1: Logic Symbol of NOT gate Fig. (1) Shows the logic symbol [4] of...](profile/Petro-Trokhimchuck-2/publication/344152016/figure/fig2/AS:933041480429568@1599465832003/Logic-Symbol-of-NOT-gate-Fig-1-Shows-the-logic-symbol-4-of-NOT-gate-in-which-A-is_Q320.jpg)
Basic peculiarities of the laser-induced optical breakdown of matter are discussed. Main experimental data for various materials and regimes of laser irradiation are represented and analyzed. Role of Nonlinear and Relaxed Optical processes are observed. Three types of optical breakdown are selected^ thermal, plasma and direct. It was shown that the...
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... used for harvesting solar energy directly for electricity production. Photovoltaic cells are made of a semi conductive material that is specially treated wafer of silicon, sandwiched between two thin contact plates where the top contact plate is positively charged and the back contact plate is negatively charged making it a semiconductor device (Fig. 3). The n-type semiconductor is negatively charged due to the abundance of electrons, while the p-type semiconductor is positively charged. Electron movement at p-n junction produces an electric field that allows flow of electrons from the p-type layer to the n-type semiconductor layer. As soon as the Sun rays of suitable wavelength hits ...
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... pulse duration of laser irradiation is re[presented in Fig. 2b) [3] . For stable dimensions of irradiation region and pulse duration a breakdown is realized with some probability and probability of breakdown is increased for increasing of power density of irradiation. Analogous results were received for the increasing the surface of irradiation (Fig. 3 a)) [3] . [3] , b) Dependence of threshold power P of destruction the Ruby crystals from pulse duration of laser irradiation [3] A dependence of probability the optical breakdown from quantity q/q(r 0 ), where q(r 0 )-a power density, for which in the irradiation region with radius r 0 probability of breakdown is near to one [3] . Fig 3: ...
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... , b) Dependence of threshold power P of destruction the Ruby crystals from pulse duration of laser irradiation [3] A dependence of probability the optical breakdown from quantity q/q(r 0 ), where q(r 0 )-a power density, for which in the irradiation region with radius r 0 probability of breakdown is near to one [3] . Fig 3: a) Dimensional dependence of threshold the surface destruction (optical breakdown) of glass K-8 [3] ; b) Dependence of probability the optical breakdown from quantity q/q(r0), where q(r0)-a power density, for which in the irradiation region with radius r0 probability of breakdown is near to one [3] The time-resolved refractive index and absorption mapping of lightplasma filaments in water were observed in [19] . ...
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... used for harvesting solar energy directly for electricity production. Photovoltaic cells are made of a semi conductive material that is specially treated wafer of silicon, sandwiched between two thin contact plates where the top contact plate is positively charged and the back contact plate is negatively charged making it a semiconductor device (Fig. 3). The n-type semiconductor is negatively charged due to the abundance of electrons, while the p-type semiconductor is positively charged. Electron movement at p-n junction produces an electric field that allows flow of electrons from the p-type layer to the n-type semiconductor layer. As soon as the Sun rays of suitable wavelength hits ...
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... pulse duration of laser irradiation is re[presented in Fig. 2b) [3] . For stable dimensions of irradiation region and pulse duration a breakdown is realized with some probability and probability of breakdown is increased for increasing of power density of irradiation. Analogous results were received for the increasing the surface of irradiation (Fig. 3 a)) [3] . [3] , b) Dependence of threshold power P of destruction the Ruby crystals from pulse duration of laser irradiation [3] A dependence of probability the optical breakdown from quantity q/q(r 0 ), where q(r 0 )-a power density, for which in the irradiation region with radius r 0 probability of breakdown is near to one [3] . Fig 3: ...
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... , b) Dependence of threshold power P of destruction the Ruby crystals from pulse duration of laser irradiation [3] A dependence of probability the optical breakdown from quantity q/q(r 0 ), where q(r 0 )-a power density, for which in the irradiation region with radius r 0 probability of breakdown is near to one [3] . Fig 3: a) Dimensional dependence of threshold the surface destruction (optical breakdown) of glass K-8 [3] ; b) Dependence of probability the optical breakdown from quantity q/q(r0), where q(r0)-a power density, for which in the irradiation region with radius r0 probability of breakdown is near to one [3] The time-resolved refractive index and absorption mapping of lightplasma filaments in water were observed in [19] . ...
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The use of machine learning in medical decision support systems can improve diagnostic accuracy and objectivity for clinical experts. In this study, we conducted a comparison of 16 different fuzzy rule-based algorithms applied to 12 medical datasets and real-world data. The results of this comparison showed that the best performing algorithms in terms of average results of Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy (ACC) was a classifier based on fuzzy logic and gene expression programming (GPR), repeated incremental pruning to produce error reduction (Ripper), and ordered incremental genetic algorithm (OIGA), respectively. We also analyzed the number and size of the rules generated by each algorithm and provided examples to objectively evaluate the utility of each algorithm in clinical decision support. The shortest and most interpretable rules were generated by 1R, GPR, and C45Rules-C. Our research suggests that GPR is capable of generating concise and interpretable rules while maintaining good classification performance, and it may be a valuable algorithm for generating rules from medical data.
Enzymes are readily inactivated in harsh micro-environment due to changes in pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Developing suitable and feasible techniques for stabilizing enzymes in food sector is critical for preventing them from degradation. This review provides an overview on chitosan (CS)-based enzymes encapsulation techniques, enzyme release mechanisms, and their applications in food industry. The challenges and future prospects of CS-based enzymes encapsulation were also discussed. CS-based encapsulation techniques including ionotropic gelation, emulsification, spray drying, layer-by-layer self-assembly, hydrogels, and films have been studied to improve the encapsulation efficacy (EE), heat, acid and base stability of enzymes for their applications in food, agricultural, and medical industries. The smart delivery design, new delivery system development, and in vivo releasing mechanisms of enzymes using CS-based encapsulation techniques have also been evaluated in laboratory level studies. The CS-based encapsulation techniques in commercial products should be further improved for broadening their application fields. In conclusion, CS-based encapsulation techniques may provide a promising approach to improve EE and bioavailability of enzymes applied in food industry.
• Highlights
• Enzymes play a critical role in food industries but susceptible to inactivation.
• Chitosan-based materials could be used to maintain the enzyme activity.
• Releasing mechanisms of enzymes from encapsulators were outlined.
• Applications of encapsulated enzymes in food fields was discussed.
Data hacking has become one of the anxiety issue in this modern era. Therefore, we have to prevent this illegal data hacking, theft at any cost. For ensuring data integrity, there are many methods including backups, encryption, access control, etc. We have presented an encryption methodology without merging the existing methods. By using the number conversion system and a defined mathematical calculation equation is the key to encrypt the password of the users. The password and date of birth are inputted by the users during the signup process. The encryption of the passwords has been stored into the database and manual calculation for the same cardinalities provides the same result. We have achieved an accuracy of 96% which is good as well as promising. Encryption is using in every sector to protect data and it has a wide range of future to work with it.
