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A novel asymmetrical interleaved dc/dc switching converters family intended for photovoltaic and fuel cell applications is presented in this paper. The main requirements on such applications are small ripples in the generator and load, as well as high voltage conversion ratio. Therefore, interleaved structures and voltage multiplier cells have been...
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... application of the complementary interleaving technique to the parallel connection of two boost converters was analyzed in [28]. The circuit was named IDB (Interleaved Dual Boost) and its scheme is depicted in Figure 2. To obtain the desired ripple reduction, both IDB boost converters must be operated in CCM [28]. ...
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... the following, i A and i B represent the magnetization currents of the flyback transformers, and n A and n B refer to the flyback transformer turns ratio. The isolated inverting AIDF, depicted in Figure 20(a), was obtained directly from the AIDBB converter, where the voltage conversion ratio can be increased by modifying n A and n B . The isolated non-inverting AIDF, depicted in Figure 21(a), was generated from the isolated inverting AIDF by inverting the transformers secondary side, which causes a positive output voltage. ...
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... non-isolated inverting AIDF of Figure 22(a) was derived from the isolated inverting AIDF by connecting the load ground to the input source, generating a floating load but breaking the galvanic isolation. This converter has a higher voltage conversion ratio, in contrast to the isolated inverting AIDF, for the same n A and n B . ...
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... converter has a higher voltage conversion ratio, in contrast to the isolated inverting AIDF, for the same n A and n B . The non-isolated non-inverting AIDF, depicted in Figure 23(a), was generated from the isolated non-inverting AIDF by connecting the secondary side of the flyback transformers to the input source. Again, it provides an increased voltage conversion ratio with respect to the isolated non-inverting AIDF for the same transformer turns ratio, but the galvanic isolation was lost. ...
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... illustrate the AIDF converter characteristics, simulations of the four configurations have been performed considering flyback transformers with L A = L B = L AO = 1 mF , n A = n B = 1, C AB = 50 µF and C O = 20 µF, V g = 10 V, f sw = 50 kHz, resistive load R = 10 Ω and duty cycle D = 0.5. The input current and output voltage waveforms of the non-isolated inverting AIDF converter are depicted in Figures 22(b) and 22(c). This converter also exhibits the AIC family small ripples, but its voltage conversion ratio is improved due to the additional boosting generated by the floating load connection. ...
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... non-isolated non-inverting AIDF converter exhibits an input current waveform, Figure 23(b), similar to the non-isolated inverting AIDF due to the connection of the transformer secondary side to the input port, allowing the interaction of the L AO current ripple in a fraction of the switching period. The output voltage waveform, Figure 23(c), is in agreement with the non-isolated inverting AIDF, but its voltage polarity is positive. ...
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... non-isolated non-inverting AIDF converter exhibits an input current waveform, Figure 23(b), similar to the non-isolated inverting AIDF due to the connection of the transformer secondary side to the input port, allowing the interaction of the L AO current ripple in a fraction of the switching period. The output voltage waveform, Figure 23(c), is in agreement with the non-isolated inverting AIDF, but its voltage polarity is positive. This non-isolated non-inverting AIDF also exhibits an increased voltage conversion ratio provided by the non-isolated interaction between the input and output ports. ...
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... AIDF converters exhibit the same operation limit 0.382 ≤ D ≤ 1 for the designed sequence, and the topologies are the same ones described for the AIDB converter. Figure 24 shows the circuital equivalents of the isolated inverting AIDF topologies. The remaining members of the AIDF group can be analyzed in a similar way. ...
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Citations
... However, it is primarily recommended for low-power applications. Moreover, voltage multiplier cells have been integrated into high-gain converters [6][7] and IBCs [7][8] to achieve improved voltage conversion ratios. In a buck converter, switches are replaced with a resonant switch [9] and IBCs are assisted by a single auxiliary circuit without [10] and with CI [11][12][13], facilitating soft-switching operation at low power levels. ...
... However, it is primarily recommended for low-power applications. Moreover, voltage multiplier cells have been integrated into high-gain converters [6][7] and IBCs [7][8] to achieve improved voltage conversion ratios. In a buck converter, switches are replaced with a resonant switch [9] and IBCs are assisted by a single auxiliary circuit without [10] and with CI [11][12][13], facilitating soft-switching operation at low power levels. ...
This paper proposes a novel interleaved boost converter for renewable energy applications. The two-phase interleaved boost converter was improved with lossless passive snubber cells to ensure the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) condition. The ZVS condition is contributed by a resonant inductor, a resonant capacitor, and two diodes. The proposed converter was operated in continuous current mode on its primary side. The significant merits of this converter are reduced switching losses, better efficiency, and reduced input current ripples without auxiliary switches. The soft-switching ability of this converter is maintained under both light- and heavy-load conditions. This paper also presents the operating principles and design analysis of the proposed converter. Furthermore, a 50-320V prototype was operated at 250 W to validate the soft-switching operation and theoretical analysis, and the experimental results are presented.
... This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license. Performance numerical evaluation of modified single-ended primary-inductor … (Tole Sutikno) 3721 voltage level due to the low characteristic PV voltage [7]. The boost topology becomes the basic DC-DC converter to increase voltage, which is popularly applied to PV systems [8]. ...
Single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) was considered a good alternative to a DC-DC converter for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The SEPIC converter can operate with an input voltage greater or less than the regulated output voltage, or as a step-up or step-down. As a step-up converter, SEPIC boosts PV voltage to specific levels. However, gain limitation and voltage stress continue to reduce the efficiency of conventional SEPIC converters. Because of this, researchers created a modified SEPIC converter to improve performance. In this paper, six modified SEPIC converters were compared and evaluated. To compare fairly, all modified SEPIC converters are nonisolated and use a single switch. Power simulator (PSIM) software was used to simulate each converter with a BISOL BMO-250 PV module and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) P&O controller. The converter with the highest static voltage gain and lowest duty cycle has been identified. It results in up to ten times voltage increment with a 0.8-duty ratio. All topologies have the same voltage stress, with maximum and minimum values of 30.1 and 29.5 V, respectively. On the other hand, each topology produces different average efficiencies, with the highest and lowest efficiency at 99.5% and 97.2%, respectively.
... Though this converter has an excellent current-sharing property, it does not address the issue of a high gain. Ref. [36] presents an interleaved hybrid boost converter with an asymmetric structure. This topology ensures reduced input current and output voltage ripples while providing a gain of 1 + 1 1−D , where D is the duty cycle of the operation. ...
DC-DC boost converters are necessary to extract power from solar panels. The output voltage from these panels is far lower than the utility voltage levels. One of the main functions of the boost converter is to provide a considerable step-up gain to interface the panel to the utility lines. There are several techniques used to boost the low panel voltage. Some of the issues faced by these topologies are a high duty ratio operation, complex design with multiple active switches and discontinuous input current that affects the power drawn from the panel. This paper presents a boost converter topology that combines the advantages of an interleaved structure, a voltage lift capacitor and a passive voltage multiplier network. A mathematical analysis of the proposed converter during its various modes of operation is presented. A 100 W prototype of the proposed converter is designed and tested. The prototype is controlled by a PIC16F18455 microcontroller. The converter is capable of achieving a gain of 10 without operating at extremely high duty ratios. The voltage stress of the switch is far lower than the maximum output voltage.
... This converter provided a gain of 1 1−(D 1 +D 2 ) , where D 1 and D 2 are the duties of each phase, i.e., it operated as a classical boost converter with duty D 1 + D 2 . In [30], an asymmetrical interleaved boost converter is presented. This converter provided a gain of 1 + 1 1−D , where D is the duty, which is only slightly greater than the gain provided by a classical boost converter. ...
... The plot of gain vs. the duty of the proposed converter is shown in Figure 5. It is seen that this gain is significantly higher than the gains presented in [29][30][31]. ...
The increase in global energy demand has led to increased research in harvesting solar energy. Solar energy is widely used in homes, electric vehicles and is a great solution to power remote areas. DC–DC converters are essential in extracting power from solar panels. One of the main problems in designing converters for solar energy applications is boosting the low output voltage of the solar panel to meaningful levels. While there are several topologies to achieve high gain, some of the problems faced by them are the extreme duty ratio, complex design and discontinuous input current. This paper presents a novel topology that uses an interleaved input, a voltage lift capacitor and a hybrid switched capacitor network to achieve high gain without an extreme duty ratio or bulky magnetics. The proposed converter is controlled using a microcontroller which regulates the output voltage. The voltage lift capacitor and the switched capacitor network enhances the voltage gain over a conventional boost converter without an extreme duty ratio. The analysis and design of the proposed converter are presented and verified with a 100 W prototype. The results show that the converter provides a gain of 10, at a duty ratio of 30%, while delivering the designed output power with considerably high efficiency.
... A 3-branch interleaved DC/DC converter was used to exchange power between the ESS and the mentioned DC bus. This converter was bidirectional in the current to allow both charging and discharging of ESS. Figure 7 shows the topology and the input and output voltage levels of the converter [50,51]. ...
... A 3-branch interleaved DC/DC converter was used to exchange power between the ESS and the mentioned DC bus. This converter was bidirectional in the current to allow both charging and discharging of ESS. Figure 7 shows the topology and the input and output voltage levels of the converter [50,51]. The DC/DC power converter is a voltage source converter that regulates the charge/discharge current of the ESS. ...
The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for dimensioning an energy storage system (ESS) to the generation data measured in an operating wave energy generation plant connected to the electric grid in the north of Spain. The selection criterion for the ESS is the compliance of the power injected into the grid with a specific active-power ramp-rate limit. Due to its electrical characteristics, supercapacitor (SC) technology is especially suitable for this application. The ESS dimensioning methodology is based on a mathematical model, which takes into account the power generation system, the chosen ramp-rate limit, the ESS efficiency maps and electrical characteristics. It allows one to evaluate the number of storage cabinets required to satisfy the needs described, considering a compromise between the number of units, which means cost, and the reliability of the storage system to ensure the grid codes compliance. Power and energy parameters for the ESS are obtained from the calculations and some tips regarding the most efficient operation of the SC cabinets, based on a stepped switching strategy, are also given. Finally, some conclusions about the technology selection will be updated after the detailed analysis accomplished.
... Fuel cells (FCs) and other renewable energy sources are a compelling alternative to conventional pollution-prone power sources [1][2][3][4]. However, there are additional relevant challenges that must be solved to propagate them. ...
... It is recommended that the FC current ripple must be lower than 5% to have a good performance. In order to overcome this challenge, new topologies have been designed to operate with lower current ripples than traditional topologies and to provide high voltage gains [3,4]. ...
... The upper case shows the steady-state value, which means no transient or perturbation is present, while the lower case shows the large-signal value, which includes transient behaviors. That is the reason why Equations (1) to (4) are all in lower case, while (6) and (7) are upper case. For example, V C1 represents the steady-state component of v C1 . ...
This paper presents a current-based control for a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell using the so-called double dual boost topology. In particular, we introduce a discrete time controller that, in coordination with a particular selection of inductors and capacitors, minimizes the switching ripple at the input port (current ripple) and the output port (voltage ripple) of the double dual boost converter. This converter has a particular characteristic, in contrast to the classical interleaved boost topology, in the double dual boost, the phases of the converter can have different duty ratios. The freedom to choose the duty ration for each phase can be used to select the operative point in which the input current is equal to zero. However, if individual controllers are used for each branch of the converter, the equilibrium after a transient can differ from the minimum ripple operation point; the proposed scheme regulates the output voltage and, at the same time, ensures the equilibrium remains in the minimum ripple operation in steady state. In this way, the converter can mitigate the harmonic distortion on the current extracted from the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell, which is beneficial to improve the efficiency and lifetime of the cell, and on the output voltage delivered to an output direct current bus. The results of the experiment are presented to validate the principles of the proposed system.
... There exist a lot of solutions and algorithms for this problem, which prefer different parameters of the system. To determine Q and R the energy-based design method have been used, which is described in [12] and [13]. The buck converter extended with an integrator is a thirdorder system therefore the matrices Q is a 3 by 3 matrix. ...
This paper presents a design procedure of a switched-mode power converter, the well-known synchronous buck converter: the calculating method, and how to choose the parts of the converter are presented in detail, like the inductor, the capacitor and the semiconductors as well as the design of the state feedback. During the design process the efficiency and the high switching frequency are very important: the switching semiconductors are Gallium Nitride based. Then, a linear-quadratic regulator is designed and applied to the particular case of a buck converter.
... Benyahia et al. [44] investigated the P&O MPPT performance with IBC for fuel cell generators supplying electricity to power trains. In another study, Arango et al. [45] proposed an asymmetrical interleaved DC-DC converter and a voltage multiplier cells combined together (boost, buck-boost and flyback-based) for PV and fuel cell applications to achieve high output voltage and ripple reduction in the generator and load. However, variable DC-link voltage was generated and two DC-DC converters had to be used for each PV array that resulted in total cost increase. ...
Partial shading condition (PSC) has a bad effect not only on the shaded PV modules/arrays itself but also on the output power generated from the partially shaded photovoltaic (PSPV) system. It reduces the output power generated from the photovoltaic (PV) system and contributes in hot spot problem that may lead to thermal breakdown of shaded PV modules. Under PSC, multiple peaks, one global peak (GP) and many other local peaks (LPs) are generated in the P–V curve. This chapter concentrates on alleviating the partial shading effects and extracting the global maximum power available from the PSPV system. This has been achieved using the suitable and the best PV system design topologies and the efficient maximum power point tracker (MPPT) techniques in tracking the GP under PSC. Therefore, it is concluded that the partial shading (PS) mitigation techniques can be classified into PV system design topologies and MPPT techniques to not only alleviate the PS effects of the PSPV system but also to extract the GP. The PV system design topologies consist of the bypass and blocking diodes, PV system architectures, PV array configuration and PV array reconfiguration, whereas the MPPT techniques concentrate the most efficient heuristic MPPT in tracking the GP under PSC.
... High step-up power converters are some of the main devices used in photovoltaic applications [15][16][17][18][19] due to the low output voltage of solar panels. With such applications, efficiency is a key issue, so single-stage and the coexistence of Period-1, Period-2 and chaotic orbits with varying coupling coefficients has been proven via bifurcation analysis [52]. ...
Peak current-mode control is widely used in power converters and involves the use of an external compensation ramp to suppress undesired behaviors and to enhance the stability range of the Period-1 orbit. A boost converter uses an analytical expression to find a compensation ramp; however, other more complex converters do not use such an expression, and the corresponding compensation ramp must be computed using complex mechanisms. A boost-flyback converter is a power converter with coupled inductors. In addition to its high efficiency and high voltage gains, this converter reduces voltage stress acting on semiconductor devices and thus offers many benefits as a converter. This paper presents an analytical expression for computing the value of a compensation ramp for a peak current-mode controlled boost-flyback converter using its simplified model. Formula results are compared to analytical results based on a monodromy matrix with numerical results using bifurcations diagrams and with experimental results using a lab prototype of 100 W.
