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Interface circuit structures and IP, VP waveforms diagrams of (a) the SSHI, (b) the multistep flipping SSHI, respectively.
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This brief presents a tutorial on multifaceted techniques for high efficiency piezoelectric energy harvesting. For the purpose of helping design piezoelectric energy harvesting system according to different application scenarios, we summarize and discuss the recent design trends and challenges. We divide the design focus into the following three ca...
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... In the last two decades, energy harvesting from the natural environment has received great attention for the prospects of powering portable electronics and low-power consumption devices in wireless sensor network applications [1][2][3][4]. Among different energy extraction methods, vibrational piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) are widely used due to their high energy density, the feasibility of fabrication, and ease of integration [5][6][7]. For the commonly employed linear PEHs, substantial power can be only obtained within the bandwidth near the resonance frequency. ...
The bandwidth of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) can be broadened by resonance-based frequency tuning approaches, including mechanical tuning and electrical tuning. In this work, a new coupling tuning mechanism for regulating the near-open-circuit resonance frequency by changing the effective electrode coverage (EEC) is presented. A linear model of a bimorph piezoelectric cantilever with segmented electrodes is used to evaluate the power harvesting behavior near the open-circuit resonance frequency when EEC changes from 0 to 100%. According to the theoretical analysis, it is found that the variation of EEC brings about the change in coupling strength, which is positively associated with the near-open-circuit resonance frequency of PEH. Two cantilever PEHs with segmented electrodes based on PZT and PZT-PT are constructed for validation of the coupling tuning mechanism. The analytical and experimental results illustrate remarkable improvements in both bandwidth and average power through the coupling resonance frequency tuning method. In addition, adopting extraordinary piezoelectric single crystals and optimizing the proof mass and piezoelectric layer dimensions were theoretically shown to be effective methods for further improvement of bandwidth.
... Right now, much work is being done to improve energy-harvesting materials and methods. Piezoelectric energy harvesters' circuits [216,217] need extra efforts in the future, such as, for example, proposing a self-powered footprint that does not need an external source for power. Each technique examined is best suited for a specific situation and has flaws in others. ...
Energy harvesting from piezoelectric materials is quite common and has been studied for
the past few decades, but, recently, there have been a lot of new advancements in harnessing electrical
energy via piezoelectric materials. In this regard, several studies were carried out in electrochemistry
and fluid flow. Furthermore, consideration of productive and valuable resources is important to meet
the needs of power generation. For this purpose, energy harvesting from fluids such as wind and
water is significant and must be implemented on a large scale. So, developing self-powering devices
can resolve the problem like that, and piezoelectric materials are gaining interest day by day because
these materials help in energy generation. This review paper discusses different techniques for
harnessing energy from fluid flows using piezoelectric materials. In addition, various vibration-based
energy-harvesting mechanisms for improving the efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvesters have
also been investigated and their opportunities and challenges identified.
This paper presents a nonlinear interface circuit for piezoelectric vibration energy harvester (PEH) with Synchronous Asymmetric Voltage Flipping and Charge Extraction process, denoted as SAFCE. SAFCE flips the PEH voltage polarity at positive peak and completely extracting charge at negative peak through LC resonance. The harvested power is independent of load. In theory, the harvested power is 200 % of SECE and 780 % of best impedance-matched SEH due to the energy injection mechanism, which enhances the electromechanical coupling coefficient of PEH. Moreover, a self-powered SAFCE circuit without rectifier bridge is designed, which reduces power consumption and eliminates the need for external power sources. Experimental measurements are carried out to compare with SEH and SECE circuits under the condition of either constant displacement magnitude (0.5 mm) or constant external excitation acceleration (10 m/s ² ). The experimental results indicate that the power harvested by the SAFCE technique increased by 171 % compared with the SECE method and by 381 % compared with the best impedance-matched SEH method under the same conditions.
Owing to the severity of variation in mechanical excitations of piezoelectric energy harvester, the output energy generated by the system is highly distorted. Hence to maximize the output power a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods are used, which suffers from high output impedance instead of large mechanical impedance. This results in a very low current relative to the high voltages
Hence to state this here a perturb and observe (P& O) based MPPT controller is used with piezoelectric energy harvester. To ensure optimal power generation under diverse operating situations, the maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) was developed. The energy valley optimized perturb and observe algorithm (EV-PO) based MPPT is proposed in this work. The optimum duty cycle is selected with EV and fed to PO as the initial duty cycle to optimize the MPP. Additionally, this work includes a hybrid flyback zeta converter to regulate the rectified output voltage. EV-PO based MPPT algorithm provides the optimal pulses for a DC voltage regulation converter.
By this method, voltage is regulated optimally, and the efficiency is increased to 97.63%. This converter is compared with boost, buck-boost, and DC-to-DC converters to show its effectiveness. Along with that the proposed method has resulted in maximum output voltage comparatively with other methods.
Overall, the proposed method has improved the efficacy to 7.81% with a DC-DC full bridge converter, 20.1% with buck boost converter, and 21.13% with a boost converter. Thus the adopted method is superior than other existing methods.
This paper presents a piezoelectric energy harvesting interface with fast open-circuit voltage (VOC) sampling and a wide operating frequency range. The fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) method is the primary method for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in energy harvesting systems, due to its easy implementation and relatively low cost. For this method to be efficient, it is necessary to shorten the time required for VOC sampling. To minimize power loss due to VOC sampling, a novel technique is proposed that is capable of sampling the VOC within a time shorter than half a cycle by using an adaptive tracking pulse instead of conventional fixed ones. We also present a peak detector design technique that can operate across a broad frequency spectrum and adapt to diverse vibration scenarios. The proposed technique reduces the duty cycle of the tracking pulse to 0.42%, which is 3.7 times smaller than the conventional 1.56%. The proposed circuit, designed using a 0.35μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, consumes just 94nA at 100Hz, 3V VOC, and a 1kΩ load. In a 2~4V VOC range and a 15~500Hz frequency range, the MPPT efficiency exceeds 95%, peaking at 99.9%, and the power efficiency remains over 93%, reaching a maximum of 97.7%.
