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This work focus on a harmonic mitigating filter and investigated the effect of the harmonic mitigating filter in the textile industry with the innovative energy conservation strategies for energy bill reduction, which covers a pathway to climate change mitigation. Here, the effect of the harmonic filter is ascertained by the systematic energy audit...
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... So, the SSA-PSO technology is developed in the fuel/solar/wind power network for sorting out the nonlinear problem of the overall system. This method selects the all-fuel stackrelated constraints which are pressure constant, hydrogen chemical rate, pressure of oxygen, fuel stack deliver [57][58][59] . In this algorithm, at the initial state, all the particles run at different distances, and various velocities from the required object point. ...
The present power generation corporations are working on Renewable Power Systems (RPS) for supplying electrical power to the automotive power industries. There are several categories of RPSs available in the atmosphere. Among all of the RPSs, the most general power network used for Electric Vehicles (EVs) is hydrogen fuel which is available in nature. The H2 fuel is fed to the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Stack (PEMFS) for producing electricity for the EV stations. The advantages of this selected fuel system are more power conversion efficiency, environmentally friendly, low carbon emissions, more power density, less starting time, plus able to work at very low-temperature values. However, this fuel stack faces the issue of a nonlinear power density curve. Due to this nonlinear power supply from the fuel stack, the functioning point of the overall network changes from one position of the I–V curve to another position. So, the peak voltage extraction from the fuel stack is not possible. In this article, there are various metaheuristic optimization-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methodologies are studied along with the conventional methods for obtaining the Maximum Power Point (MPP) position of the PEMFS. From the simulative investigation, the Continuous Different Slope Value-based Cuckoo Search Method (CDSV with CSM) provides better efficiency with more output power. Also, for all the MPPT methods comprehensive analysis has been made by utilizing the simulation results.
... So, there are diferent categories of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methodologies used in the literature to stabilize the functioning point of the fuel stack which are machine learning algorithms, optimization technologies, soft computing, nature-inspired algorithms, and conventional controllers. In [29], the researchers applied the Perturb & Observe (P&O) conventional controller to identify the working point of the fuel stack interfaced bidirectional three-phase power converter. Here, initially, the working point of the fuel stack is identifed on the V-I curve of the system. ...
... Sometimes, the working point of the fuel stack is on the right-hand side of the V-I curve of the fuel stack and then (30) is used to move the functioning point of the fuel stack towards the actual MPP place. From (29) and (30), the variables ψ, Power present , and Power previous are the error stabilizing factor and fuel stack powers. ...
At present, there are different types of Renewable Energy Resources (RESs) available in nature which are wind, tidal, fuel cell, and solar. The wind, tidal, and solar power systems give discontinuous power supply which is not suitable for the present automotive systems. Here, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Stack (PEMFS) is used for supplying the power to the electrical vehicle systems. The features of fuel stack networks are very quick static response, plus low atmospheric pollution. Also, this type of power supply system consists of high flexibility and more reliability. However, the fuel stack drawback is a nonlinear power supply nature. As a result, the functioning point of the fuel stack varies from one position to another position on the V-I curve of the fuel stack. Here, the first objective of the work is the development of the Grey Wolf Optimization Technique (GWOT) involving a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for finding the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the fuel stack. This hybrid GWOT-FLC controller stabilizes the source power under various operating temperature conditions of the fuel stack. However, the fuel stack supplies very little output voltage which is improved by introducing the Single Switch Universal Supply Voltage Boost Converter (SSUSVBC) in the second objective. The features of this proposed DC-DC converter are fewer voltage distortions of the fuel stack output voltage, high voltage conversion ratio, and low-level voltage stress on switches. The fuel stack integrated SSUSVBC is analyzed by selecting the MATLAB/Simulink window. Also, the proposed DC-DC converter is tested by utilizing the programmable DC source.
... The economic factor really depends on the selection of the equipment to be operated in the factory and the supply of the factory equipment which is the electrical load. By knowing the profile of the quality of electric power by conducting energy measurements and audits, potential energy use anomalies will be obtained and energy conservation opportunities can be determined [7]. ...
Increasing energy efficiency is one of the most important functions for reducing energy costs as well as production costs. One way to reduce the use of electrical energy consumption is by saving energy. This study aims to determine how much energy savings at PT ABC through an energy audit. An energy audit is carried out with two main activities, namely identifying the profile of patterns of electricity use and analysis of power quality. The results of the analysis are then expected to be the basis for knowing the potential for energy savings and energy conservation in the industry. The method used in this study begins with field observations, measurements of electrical systems, and measurements of production machines and production support equipment. Based on some data, both primary data and secondary data, an analysis is carried out through calculations to determine potential energy-saving opportunities. The main energy source used at PT. ABC is from PLN with 1 subscription to a 3-phase system with an installed power of 197 kVA. Energy use or consumption for a year is 804,279.97 kWh. Opportunities for energy savings through energy audits that have been carried out are expected to have an impact on the company, namely energy cost savings of IDR 137,344,162 per year
... After 20 minutes, internal pressure has been increased sharply subsequently the pressure valve operated. During combustion test after 29 minutes' pressure valve gets open and measured pressure is 20 kPa but it will be reduced to 5 kPa [30]. In article [31], a karanji oil methyl ester as biodegradable fluid for a transformer. ...
The physical, chemical and electrical prosperities of MO is matched as an insulating material for transformer. Therefore, it can be used in transformers. Whereas, the MO is extracted from the fossil fuels. Due to vast consumption of fossil fuels, the accessibility of vestige fuel is going to run out near future. In addition, the MO (MO) is doesn’t meet the new environmental regulation due to it has less biodegradable. Therefore, this research proposed a new ecological friendly insulating oil for transformer which is renewable that of petroleum based insulating oil such as MO. Initially, a critical review has been made on recent development on alternate liquid dielectrics for transformer. Subsequently, critical characteristics of insulating oil have been measured according to the standard. Added to that, the critical characteristics of Natural Ester Oil (NEO) are estimated at diverse temperatures from 50°C, 70°C, 90°C, 110°C, 130°C, and 150°C respectively.
... The mechanical energy of the turbine is transferred into electrical force by utilizing the variable speed generators. The hydropower features are irrigation support, flood control, and supply drinking water [3]. But, these types of plants are high environmental consequences because of the damming and road constructions. ...
The Fuel Cell (FC) included electric vehicle is a fast-growing research area in the current automotive industry. Also, the fuel cell offers many features when associated with the other non-conventional energy transformation systems. The FC is one of the renewable sources which is providing efficient solutions in the excess power demand areas and it is the most important upcoming continuous energy supply system. In this work, a Solid Oxide (SO) fuel composite has been considered for transferring one form of the chemical energy to another form of electrical energy. The SO fuel stacks are having plenty of advantages due to their solid materials and high working temperature which are expressed as less electrolyte loss Maintenance, and no need for electrolyte portions. The major disadvantages of SO fuel cells are electrolyte materials maintenance and nonlinear power supply characteristics curves. These drawbacks are optimized by employing the Modified Marine Predator (MMP) concept. The MMP methodology controls the fuzzy system size with a few sensing devices. The reduced number of sensing devices based Fuzzy Maximum Power Point Tracking (FMPPT) technique is utilized for obtaining the maximum output power of SO fuel cell. The merits of the proposed MMP controller are optimum design cost, smooth performance, more flexibility, and is high efficiency.
The parameter extraction process for PV models poses a complex nonlinear and multi-model optimization challenge. Accurately estimating these parameters is crucial for optimizing the efficiency of PV systems. To address this, the paper introduces the Adaptive Rao Dichotomy Method (ARDM) which leverages the adaptive characteristics of the Rao algorithm and the Dichotomy Technique. ARDM is compared with the several recent optimization techniques, including the tuna swarm optimizer, African vulture’s optimizer, and teaching–learning-based optimizer. Statistical analyses and experimental results demonstrate the ARDM's superior performance in the parameter extraction for the various PV models, such as RTC France and PWP 201 polycrystalline, utilizing manufacturer-provided datasheets. Comparisons with competing techniques further underscore ARDM dominance. Simulation results highlight ARDM quick processing time, steady convergence, and consistently high accuracy in delivering optimal solutions.
Traditionally, isolated and non-isolated boost converters are used for solar photovoltaic systems (SPV). These converters have limitations such as low voltage gain, less voltage ripples, temperature dependence, high voltage stress across the switches, and being bulky in size. Besides, the solar PV system also has non-linear characteristics between I–V and P–V, and the energy yield potential is affected by partial shading phenomena. Therefore, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is being added to the SPV system to get the maximum output power under steady and dynamic climate conditions. Although the conventional MPPT has drawbacks such as less accuracy in predicting the MPP under partial shading conditions, low tracking speed, and more ripples, Hence, the research proposes a stackable single switch boost converter (SSBC) with a Cuckoo search MPPT controller for the SPV system. The efficiency of the proposed circuit topology has been compared with conventional boost converters with various MPPTs. Subsequently, the accuracy of tracking true MPPT by CSO is compared with that of PSO and FPNA. The results show, that the CMPPT with CBC has produced more ripples, whereas the BMPPT with SSBC produces ripple-free power under steady conditions. It is also observed that SSBC with BMPPT produces more power than SSBC with TMPPT. The efficiency of SSBC with BMPPT is better than other combinations. Finally, a prototype model has been developed and verified.
As of now, there are multiple types of renewable energy sources available in nature which are hydro, wind, tidal, and solar. Among all of that the solar energy source is used in many applications because of its features are low maitainence cost, less human power for handling, a clean source, more availability in nature, and reduced carbon emissions. However, the disadvantages of solar networks are continuously depending on the weather conditions, high complexity of the solar energy storage, and lots of installation place is required. So, in this work, the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Stack (PEMFS) is utilized for supplying the power to the local consumers. The merits of this fuel stack are high power density, ability to work at very less temperature values, efficient heat maintenance, and water management. Also, this fuel stack gives a quick startup response. The only demerit of PEMFS is excessive current production, plus very less output voltage. To optimize the current supply of the fuel stack, a Wide Input Operation Single Switch Boost Converter (WIOSSBC) circuit is placed across the fuel stack output to improve the load voltage profile. The advantages of the WIOSSBC are less current ripples, uniform voltage supply, plus good voltage conversion ratio. Another issue of the fuel stack is nonlinear power production. To linearize the issue of fuel stack, the Grey Wolf Algorithm Dependent Fuzzy Logic Methodology (GWADFLM) is introduced in this article for maintaining the operating point of the fuel cell near to Maximum Power Point (MPP) place. The entire system is investigated by utilizing the MATLAB software.
At present, fossil fuel-based power generation systems are reducing drastically because of their less availability in nature. In addition, it produces hazardous gasses and high environmental pollution. So, in this work, the solar natural source is selected for generating the electricity. Due to the nonlinear behavior of PV, achieving maximum voltage from the Photovoltaic (PV) system is a more tough job. In this work, various hybrid optimization controllers are studied for tracing the working power point of the PV under different Partial Shading Conditions. The studied hybrid optimization MPPT methods are equated in terms of oscillations across MPP, output power extraction, settling time of the MPP, dependency on the PV modeling, operating duty value of the converter, error finding accuracy of MPPT, algorithm complexity, tracking speed, periodic tuning required, and the number of sensing parameters utilized. Based on the simulative comparison results, it has been observed that the modified Grey Wolf Optimization based ANFIS hybrid MPPT method provides good results when equated with the other power point tracking techniques. Here, the conventional converter helps increase the PV source voltage from one level to another level. The proposed system is investigated by using the MATLAB/Simulink tool.
As of now, nonrenewable energy sources are not used for automotive industrial applications because their disadvantages are high installation costs, more maintenance costs, and less adaptability all over the places in the world. Also, these sources produce highly flammable gasses in the environment. So, in this work, a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Stack (PEMFS) is used as an input source for the proposed system. The PEMFS generated voltage value is very low which is improved by integrating the proposed Single Switch High Voltage Conversion Ratio (SSHVCR) DC‐DC converter. The properties of this SSHVCR converter are less component utilization for reducing the ripple ratio, more flexibility, less voltage stress, and high voltage conversion ratio. In the second objective, a Differential Step‐Grey Wolf Optimization (DSGWO) with Adaptive Fuzzy Logic (AFL) controller is used for generating switching pulses to the DC‐DC converter. The merits of DSGWO‐AFL controller are quick dynamic response, moderate design complexity, good adaptability, and needed few number iterations for identifying the MPP of PEMFS. The overall proposed system is studied by applying the MATLAB/Simulink tool at rapid changes in the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack.
