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Inostrantsev Glacier, Novaya Zemlya: a) ice surface velocity (m a ?1 ); b) ice surface (m a.s.l.); c) ice thickness (m), d) bedrock elevation (m)
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Frontal ablation (the sum of ice loss through calving and submarine melt) of tidewater glaciers and ice caps in the Russian Arctic is poorly known. Meanwhile it is an important component of their mass balance, and its knowledge is strongly required when considering the iceberg risk in off-shore industrial activities. Study area is in three archipel...
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Citations
... For Arctic Canada North, Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets 45 radar tomography observations acquired iñ 3 km swaths from the 2014 NASA Operation IceBridge mission provided the main ice thickness source. Additional radio-echo sounding observations were incorporated for the Russian Arctic, where available [46][47][48][49][50][51][52] . Whereas most of our observations were acquired during the study period, we used 1288 Svalbard thickness measurements in GlaThiDa from 1980 to 1995 and some observations in Russia that were collected in 1994 46 and 1997 47 . ...
In the Northern Hemisphere, ~1500 glaciers, accounting for 28% of glacierized area outside the Greenland Ice Sheet, terminate in the ocean. Glacier mass loss at their ice-ocean interface, known as frontal ablation, has not yet been comprehensively quantified. Here, we estimate decadal frontal ablation from measurements of ice discharge and terminus position change from 2000 to 2020. We bias-correct and cross-validate estimates and uncertainties using independent sources. Frontal ablation of marine-terminating glaciers contributed an average of 44.47 ± 6.23 Gt a⁻¹ of ice to the ocean from 2000 to 2010, and 51.98 ± 4.62 Gt a⁻¹ from 2010 to 2020. Ice discharge from 2000 to 2020 was equivalent to 2.10 ± 0.22 mm of sea-level rise and comprised approximately 79% of frontal ablation, with the remainder from terminus retreat. Near-coastal areas most impacted include Austfonna, Svalbard, and central Severnaya Zemlya, the Russian Arctic, and a few Alaskan fjords.
