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Inocybe phaeocystidiosa Esteve-Rav., G. Moreno & Bon. A, B. Holotype (AH 9154). C. Paratype (AH 3953). D. Basidiomata in situ (AH 19448). E, I. Hymenial cystidia under optical microscope. J. Hymenial cystidium by SEM. K. Basidiospores under optical microscope. L. Basidiospores by SEM. (E–L, from holotype). Bars: A–D 5 1 cm, E–K 5 10 mm, L 5 2 mm.
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Species in the Inocybe praetervisa group are characterized by producing nodulose to angular basidiospores and a bulbous, marginate, white stipe devoid of any pinkish to reddish tinge. Species delimitation problems and common misinterpretations in the I. praetervisa group have not yet been resolved through type studies and analysis of molecular data...
Citations
... gov/genbank/) (accessed on 28 July 2022) and UNITE (accessed on 28 July 2022) databases (https://unite.ut.ee/) by using the BLASTN algorithm [24]. Our nrITS-nrLSU dataset includes Inocybe sequences selected based on (I) previously molecular studies focused on species belonging to section Marginatae subsections Praetervisae comprising I. diabolica and I. similis [25][26][27][28][29][30][31] and on species related to I. vulpinella sensu auct. [32] (sequences retrieved from clade: Inocybe_III, Inocybe_IV, and Inocybe_V), (II) the results in BLASTN, and (III) the result of nrITS-nrLSU maximum likelihood tree including 250 best BLAST hits of I. immigrans and I. similis (tree not shown). ...
The taxonomy of Inocybe similis and closely allied species is addressed using morphological and molecular data (nrITS and nrLSU DNA). The holotypes of I. chondrospora and I. vulpinella and the isotype of I. immigrans were studied and sequenced. Our results suggest the synonymy between I. similis and I. vulpinella as well as that between I. chondrospora and I. immigrans.
... (Matheny et al. 2019: 11). Inocybe is a widely distributed genus with approximately 1050 species (Matheny & Kudzma 2019 and new species from this genus continue to be described (Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016, Vauras & Larsson 2016a, 2016b, Bandini et al. 2017, Crous et al. 2017, Matheny & Bougher 2017, Esteve-Raventós et al. 2018, Larsson et al. 2018a, 2018b, Bandini et al. 2019a, 2019b, 2019c, Cripps et al. 2019, Matheny & Kudzma 2019, Bandini et al. 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, Bandini et al. 2021a, 2021b, 2021c, Dovana et al. 2021, Mešić et al. 2021, Bandini et al. 2022, Muñoz et al. 2022. ...
Inocybe kusadasiensis sp. nov., a novel species which was collected from Pinus brutia forest near Kuşadası (Turkey), in the coastal area of Aegean Sea, is introduced with full descriptions of macro and microscopic features, field photograph and line-drawings. A phylogenetic analysis of sequence data for the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) indicated and supported the taxonomic uniqueness of the present new species which belongs to the genus Inocybe.
... This group of species has often historically been treated either as an integral part of or as a group related to the Praetervisa/Margaritispora group, whose species, although in some cases tend to darken in parts, never acquire such dark colours as they age or dry out. Species of the Praetervisa/Margaritispora group develop a more robust habit, showing a not so evident or not clearly marginate bulb and cystidia with a utriform tendency, and are wide and voluminous (see Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016;Larsson et al. 2018). ...
Inocybe vaurasii is described as a new species belonging to Section Marginatae group Xanthomelas. A comparative morphological and molecular study has been carried out with other species showing basidiospores with stellate appearance and similar sizes: I. xanthomelas, I. humilis and I. subrimosa. An ITS bar code was obtained from type materials of all three of these species. The molecular analysis reveals that, despite the similarity in spore-shape, none of the species were closely related, but form distinct clades that are spread out within the Xanthomelas group. SEM photographs of the spores are provided for each of the species studied. A lectotype for I. subrimosa is designated and validated and the lectotype previously designated for I. xanthomelas is here validated.
... While competing infrageneric classification systems are available based on morphological analyses (Kuyper et al. 1986, Singer 1986, Bon 1997, 1998, these classifications are a poor representation of the phylogenetic relations within the group. For example, nodulosespored species of the genus do not form a monophyletic group (Matheny et al. 2002, Matheny 2005, Kropp et al. 2010, Ryberg et al. 2010, Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016. ...
We describe four new nodulose-spored species of Inocybe from tropical regions of Africa: I. beninensis, I. flavipes, I. fuscobrunnea and I. pallidiangulata. The new species are recognised based on morphological data and phylogenetic analyses of ITS, 28S and RPB2 sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that I. flavipes and I. beninensis are part of a subclade leading to the I. calida group. Inocybe fuscobrunnea appears sister to the I. asterospora group. Inocybe pallidiangulata is nested within a clade of mainly tropical species from South Asia, Africa, and South America, close to the subclade of I. lilacinosquamosa and I. ayangannae from Guyana. Complete descriptions and illustrations, including photographs and line drawings, and a key to nodulose-spored taxa of tropical African species of Inocybe are provided.
Key words: Agaricomycetes, ectomycorrhizal fungi, Inocybaceae, molecular phylogeny, new taxa, systematics, taxonomy.
... In many parts of the world a thorough investigation has only just begun, so, e.g., in Africa (Aignon et al. 2021) or China (Fan & Bau 2010, 2013, Fan et al. 2018. Furthermore, in the last five years, more than 200 new species of the genus have been described considering molecular data from all over the world (e.g., Vauras & Larsson 2016a, b, Crous et al. 2017, Matheny & Bougher 2017, Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016, Larsson et al. 2018a, b, Cripps et al. 2019b, b, c, 2020a, b, c, 2021a, b, c, Dovana et al. 2021, Mešić et al. 2021, Muñoz et al. 2022. ...
Abstract Twelve new species of Inocybe (I. adorabilis, I. comis, I. demetris, I. filiana, I. galactica, I. morganae, I. othini, I. ovilla, I. proteica, I. somae, I. suryana and I. venerabilis) are described from Europe on the basis of detailed morphological and molecular investigation. A portrait of the recently described I. ianthinopes is given. All species are smooth-spored and some pruinose only in the apical part of the stipe, and some on entire length. The new species are compared to 24 type specimens (17 characterized by at least partial ITS sequence data), all of which are described and revised here. Epitypes were selected for two species, I. hirtella and I. sindonia. Based on our studies, we confirm that I. kuehneri and I. sindonia on one hand, and I. subalbidodisca and I. ochroalba on the other, are synonyms and furthermore suggest that I. abietis is synonymous with I. catalaunica, I. exilis with I. rufobrunnea, I. hirtellarum with I. mycenoides, I. lapidicola with I. deianae, I. ochraceolutea with I. sindonia, I. stangliana with I. pelargonium, I. subrubens with I. subhirtella and I. sulfovirescens with I. langei. All of the new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses. Among the 16 previously described species accepted here, 10 are represented by types in the phylogenetic analyses and five by own collections corresponding to the type. Two species, I. eutheloides (remaining doubtful) and I. pallidolutea are only treated morphologically. In summary, we describe as new or verify the taxonomic status and provide or corroborate morphological concepts for 37 smooth-spored species of Inocybe.
... Even though the nodulose-spored species of Inocybe are still far from being 'done' and not all taxa have been re-studied yet by morphological and molecular means, in Europe, in the last decade, great progress has been made (see for instance Kokkonen 2011;Esteve-Raventós et al. 2015, Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016, Esteve-Raventós et al. 2018Larsson et al. 2018b;Cripps et al. 2019b;Bandini et al. 2019aBandini et al. , 2020a. Although some studies have been published on smooth-spored species (e.g. ...
On the basis of detailed morphological and molecular investigation, eighteen new species of Inocybe ( I. alberichiana , I. beatifica , I. bellidiana , I. clandestina , I. drenthensis , I. dryadiana , I. gaiana , I. ghibliana , I. grusiana , I. knautiana , I. lampetiana , I. oetziana , I. orionis , I. plurabellae , I. rivierana , I. scolopacis , I. sitibunda and I. tiburtina ) are described. All of them are smooth-spored, and most of them are pruinose only in the apical part of the stipe. The new species are compared to 40 type specimens, all of which are described here and for several of which (partial) ITS sequences have been generated. For eight species, epi-, lecto- or neotypes were selected, among these are I. geophylla, I. glabripes and I. tigrina . Based on these studies, we suggest twelve synonymies, i.e. that I. clarkii is synonymous with I. sindonia , I. conformata with I. cincinnata , I. elegans with I. griseolilacina , I. fuscidula with I. glabripes , I. griseotarda with I. psammobrunnea , I. obscurella with I. obscuroide s, I. obscuromellea with I. semifulva , I. patibilis and I. tigrinella with I. tigrina , I. petroselinolens with I. tenuicystidiata and I. rubidofracta with I. pseudorubens and I. subporospora is synonymized with I. tjallingiorum . All of the new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses. Among the previously described species accepted here, sixteen are represented by types in the phylogenetic analyses and ten by own collections morphologically corresponding to the type. In summary, we here verify or provide morphological concepts associated with molecular data for 44 smooth-spored species of Inocybe .
... Sporen und weniger dickwandigen Hymenialzystiden, die bislang zudem nur aus Spanien aus immergrünen Eichenwäldern bekannt ist (Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016). ...
Inocybe blandula, a new species of genus Inocybe sect. Marginatae, is described in detail along with illustrations of its macro-and micromorphology. It is a nodulose-spored species with yellow-ochraceous pileus colours and a smooth to finely innately fibrillose pileus surface , entirely pruinose stipe, spores with strongly protruding nodules, and mostly (sub)lageni-form to (sub)fusiform hymenial cystidia. The stipes discolour greyish to blackish on drying. It differs from other species of the group, such as I. xanthomelas or I. krieglsteineri, e.g. by the size and shape of the spores and the hymenial cystidia, as well as by ITS and LSU sequence data.
Inocybe blandula, eine neue Art der Gattung Inocybe, Sektion Marginatae, wird im Detail mit makro-und mikroskopischen Abbildungen beschrieben. Es handelt sich um eine höckersporige Art mit gelblich-ockerlicher Hutfarbe und glatter bis fein eingewach-sen faseriger Hutoberfläche, ganz bereiftem Stiel, Sporen mit stark vorragenden Höckern und meist (sub)lageniformen oder (sub)fusiformen Hymenialzystiden. Die Stiele grauen oder schwärzen beim Trocknen. Sie unterscheidet sich von anderen Arten der Gruppe wie I. xan-thomelas oder I. krieglsteineri u.a. durch Größe und Form der Sporen und Hymenialzystiden und außerdem auch in genetischer Hinsicht (ITS und LSU).
... Inocybe lacunarum Vauras & E. Larss. and I. saliceticola Vauras & Kokkonen, two northern species (Vauras & Kokkonen 2009, Vauras & Larsson 2016a, that are not known from Germany, Austria or Turkey up to now, have much larger basidiospores and larger hymenial cystidia -as well as I. praetervisoides Esteve-Rav., G. Moreno & Olariaga, a Mediterranean species, only known from Spain up to now, growing in evergreen oak forests (Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016). Inocybe alpinomarginata C.L. Cripps, E. Larss. ...
... Several of the species listed above, e.g. I. phaeocystidiosa, I. xanthomelas, I. krieglsteineri and I. lacunarum belong to a group of the Marginatae defined by pronounced darkening or even blackening of the stipes when drying and "elongate or slender sublageniform cystidia with a well-defined and protruding neck" (Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016). The stipes of some of them, especially of I. krieglsteineri and I. xanthomelas are actually often blackening when drying. ...
... The ITS of the I. salicis-herbaceae Kühner holotype from an alpine habitat is identical to the sequence of the I. phaeocystidiosa holotype, which did not grow in an alpine habitat. Therefore, they are synonyms (Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016). In both holotype ITS sequences the motif CTGGAGTTTGGT is lacking. ...
Bandini D., Sesli E., Oertel B. & Krisai-Greilhuber I. (2020) Inocybe antoniniana, a new species of Inocybe section Marginatae with nodulose spores. – Sydowia 72: 95–106.
Inocybe antoniniana, a new species of Inocybe section Marginatae is described in detail along with illustrations of its macro-and micromorphology. It is a nodulose-spored species with yellowish-ochraceous pileus colour and smooth to (sub)rimulose pi-leus surface, that was found up to now in Turkey, Austria and Germany. It differs from other species of the group with equally coloured pilei (e.g. I. xanthomelas, I. phaeocystidiosa or I. krieglsteineri) by smaller, often (sub)isodiametrical basidiospores, rather short and slim hymenial cystidia, and ITS sequence data.
... We estimate that over 30 names have been used to delineate species of this group in arctic and alpine habitats in the Northern Hemisphere. Synonymy has reduced the number of names; however, new research that includes molecular data has revealed new or cryptic species (Kokkonen and Vauras 2012;Larsson et al. 2014Larsson et al. , 2017Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016, 2018. ...
... It is morphologically somewhat similar to I. phaeocystidiosa due to the smooth, yellowish pileus, white stipe with a marginate base, and distinctly nodulose spores. An epitype has been proposed for I. mixtilis (Marchetti et al. 2014), and molecular results show it to be distantly related to the I. praetervisa clade Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016). In the recent study by Esteve-Raventós et al. (2018), I. mixtilis was revealed to constitute of a complex of six species based on molecular data. ...
Inocybe (Inocybaceae) is one of the most diverse ectomycorrhizal genera in arctic and alpine habitats where the primary hosts are Salix, Betula, and Dryas. Subgenus Inocybe is common in these habitats and typically characterized by the presence of thick-walled pleurocystidia. Here, we focus on species that have angular or nodulose spores. Historically, over 30 taxa from this group have been reported from arctic and alpine habitats. Many names have been synonymized, whereas molecular analysis has revealed new species. Nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) sequence data of 26 type specimens in this group now allow for further taxonomic clarification and comparison across continents of disjunct populations. Here, we compare ITS sequence data and the D1–D2 portion of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) from Rocky Mountain specimens with those of types and European reference material. We report 10 species from the Rocky Mountain alpine zone, all of which are conspecific with known European boreal, montane, or alpine species, and four are described as new; all have intercontinental distributions. Nodulose-spored Inocybe taxa that occur in the Rocky Mountain alpine zone include I. alpinomarginata, sp. nov., I. arctica, I. giacomi, I. leonina, I. murina, sp. nov., I. occulta, I. paragiacomi, sp. nov., I. phaeocystidiosa, I. purpureobadia, and I. subgiacomi, sp. nov. Remarkably, these species occur at elevations up to 4000 m and at latitudes as low as 36°N, hundreds of miles from the Arctic, the European alpine, and original type localities. Distributions are explained in part by host distributions and historical glaciation patterns. A key and full descriptions for Rocky mountain species are provided to promote species recognition.
... Another species with an entirely pruinose stipe and strongly nodulose spores is Inocybe praetervisa (Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016;Larsson et al. 2018). As is with I. undinea, the stipes of I. praetervisa turn brownish or even almost blackish with age, but-at least according to our own observationsthey do not blacken during drying. ...
... Inocybe praetervisa has a rather glabrous pileus surface; the colours, however, are generally darker, brownish with or without a reddish hue; the basidiomata are larger; the spores are not star-shaped and of a different shape; and the average spore length is slightly lower. Furthermore, the shape of the hymenial cystidia is different and only rarely sublageniform (see also Esteve-Raventós et al. 2016). The habitat of I. praetervisa seems to be different, too, since it was found by us in higher mountainous regions and on less moist ground than I. undinea. ...
Inocybe is a cosmopolitan genus of gilled mushrooms with high species diversity in the northern hemisphere. Focusing on moist habitats in Central Europe, several collections could not be assigned to any known species of Inocybe. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that these collections belonged to three phylogenetically distinct lineages. To ensure a correct interpretation of the species identity in comparison with morphologically similar species, an isotype of I. flavobrunnescens, isoparatypes of I. hirculus and I. lacunarum, and a paratype of I. caprimulgi were examined both morphologically and phylogenetically. Sequencing of the lectotype of I. tabacina Furrer-Ziogas designated in this manuscript failed, but other collections unequivocally belonging to the same species could be included in molecular phylogenies. As a result of molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, three new hygrophilous species of the genus Inocybe, subgenus Inocybe, are described: one smooth-spored, I. botaurina, and two nodulose-spored, I. bombina and I. undinea.
