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The article discusses changes that occur when paper samples printed with an office ink jet printer HP 5550 are exposed to elevated temperature and relative humidity without the presence of light for a prolonged time period according to accelerated artificial aging standard EN ISO 5630-3.
The effects of paper coating pigment type (pyrogenic silica,...
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... Coating and Printing A 70 g base paper for IJ printing from a Slovenian paper mill was coated using a laboratory wire-wound rod coater (RK Print-Coat Instruments, UK) with various coating col- ors (Table I) pph= parts per 100 parts of pigment Hladnik, Cernic, and Bukosek: Role of paper coating pigments and additives in darkfastness of ink jet prints Table I) were recorded with the low-vacuum scanning electron microscope JSM-6060LV by JEOL at different magnifications. After coating and conditioning for 24 hours at 23 ° C and 50% relative humidity according to ISO 187, 22 the samples were printed with office printer HP DJ 5550 using IJ print test chart (Figure 2) and print quality settings set to standard. No attempt was made to check whether the printer actually printed pure, i.e., 100% CMYK patches or the prints contained small amounts of the other primary colors ac- cording to the printer driver's internal color management algorithms. ...
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Citations
... Extensive use of densitometric or spectrophotometric measurements has been discussed to assess the level of degradation in printed samples. 17, 18 Wilhelm 19,20 and Wilhelm and McCormick-Goodhart 21 have provided comprehensive descriptions of image permanence, including analyses of the effects of temperature, humidity, illumination, and air pollutants on light stability. Moreover, the fading behavior of prints due to aging has been characterized through visible and FT-IR spectroscopy. ...
Color degradation is a pressing issue in various fields like food and medicine packaging, as well as printed materials, leading to a loss or distortion of vital information. Therefore, understanding how the color of package prints evolves over time is essential for product quality assessment and effective product life cycle management. This study focuses on investigating color changes in prints on blister foils, widely used in the medicine and packaging industries. To assess fading characteristics, samples printed via the gravure process have been exposed to a Xenon Test Chamber (B-SUN). Spectrophotometric measurements of the prints have been conducted using a spectroradiometer, and the data have been analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). The fading nature of cyan and black prints aligns with Type IV, while magenta and yellow prints correspond to Type II, as described by Giles. Notably, cyan and black inks demonstrated resistance toward fading at the end of the exposure, with a minor exception. The investigation involved curve fitting, revealing a consistent first-order kinetic model governing fading rates throughout the exposure time. High R 2 values (0.96-0.99) and low root means square error values (0.02-0.08) are observed across all cases. While color fading involves diverse kinetics, the fading rate consistently adheres to a singular first-order kinetic path. The study highlights that yellow ink is most sensitive to light, followed by magenta ink. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing packaging materials and ensuring product quality in industries reliant on printed materials. By mitigating color degradation, manufacturers can enhance the longevity and appeal of their products , reinforcing consumer trust and satisfaction. Furthermore, the effective utilization of PCA as a data analysis tool offers a valuable approach for future investigations in color science and related fields.
... [2][3][4][5][6] Several studies have focused on the effects of light on paper substrates, dyes, pigments, and photographs. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Wilhelm et al [17][18][19] have explained in detail image permanence studies for prints, and have also analyzed the effect of temperature, humidity, illumination, and air pollutants on the light stability. Rat et al 20 have investigated the colorimetric properties of heat and moisture-treated prints to ensure information permanence under different illuminant conditions. ...
The lightfastness of prints is an important property for assessing their print stability. The objective of this study is to determine the lightfastness rate of printed films due to long‐time exposure by applying artificial neural network (ANN). Package printing is gradually becoming extremely important because its color and quality increase the marketability of the product. Sometimes it has been observed that the initial print quality is bright and attractive. However, with time, it degrades the exposure of light, water, or other external parameters. Thus, it reduces the marketability if its color degrades before its expiration. Therefore, the lightfastness of prints may be considered for the authenticity or validity of the product. The plastic film substrate is chosen because it has extensive usage in food and other packaging industries. The samples printed in the gravure process are exposed in artificial lightfastness tester BGD 865/A Bench Xenon Test Chamber (B‐SUN) for assessing the lightfastness of prints. The ocean optics spectroradiometer (DH2000BAL) is used to measure the spectrophotometric properties of prints before and after exposure. The obtained reflectance spectra are modeled by applying an ANN technique that is proposed to predict the fading rate of the printed film. The optimal model gives excellent prediction with the minimum mean square error for each color and a correlation coefficient of 0.80 to 0.99. ANN model and a Regression model (assuming first‐order kinetic equation) are compared for predicting the lightfastness properties of prints. The results show that the ANN has better prediction capability than the regression model.
... The extensive application of densitometric or spectrophotometric measurements for the estimation of the degree of printed sample degradation is discussed. 12,13 Wilhelm 14,15 and Wilhelm and McCormick-Goodhart 16 have described the image permanence in detail and have also analyzed the effect of temperature, humidity, illumination, and air pollutants on light stability. The fading behavior of prints due to aging has been characterized by analyzing visible and FT-IR spectroscopy. ...
This study describes the lightfastness properties of printed foil samples due to long‐time exposure. Lightfastness is an important property for any kind of print products to assess their print stability. The fastness properties of prints can be described in terms of print durability and image stability. It may also be used for verification of printed expiry date and authenticity or validity of the product. Moreover, any kind of deterioration in package print quality will affect the product's sale adversely. Little work has been conducted to study the fastness properties of printed films and foils. In this work, blister foils printed in the gravure printing process have been taken as the sample as they have extensive usage in food and medicine packaging. An artificial lightfastness tester BGD 865/A Bench Xenon Test Chamber (B‐SUN) is used to study the light fastness of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black inks on the foil. The spectral curves and colorimetric values are measured using an Ocean Optics Spectroradiometer (DH2000BAL) before and after exposure. A kinetic model is proposed to predict the fading rate of the printed foil. The optimal model has given excellent prediction with a correlation coefficient of 0.90 to 0.93 for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black prints, respectively. The largest color difference ΔE00 is achieved for Yellow print followed by Magenta. Cyan and Black prints have shown small changes with time when the gravure prints are exposed to the artificial aging chamber.
... On the other hand, the penetration of the ink vehicle should be minimized, in order to prevent the reduction of the paper sheet strength properties or the loss of opacity. Weak ink pigment retention at the paper surface (with correspondingly high penetration into the paper sheet) produces low optical densities and high print through (the visibility of the printed area on the reverse side of the paper) and, consequently, a low printing quality (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). ...
... Several studies have been made regarding the interaction of the ink pigments with the paper structure in both inkjet (1,2,(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) and offset printing (3)(4)(5)14). In particular, Eriksen and Gregersen used images from scanning electron microscopy to assess the position, in the Z direction of the paper sheet, of the pigments of a yellow coldset offset ink, and a specially made white ink (with TiO 2 as ink pigment) (3,4). ...
The effect of paper surface sizing on Inkjet pigment penetration was evaluated by studying four different paper samples: one taken as reference, without surface sizing (paper RP), one surface sized with cationic starch (RPS1), one with a mixture of cationic starch and poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (RPS2), and one with a mixture of cationic starch and poly(styreneco-acrylate) (RPS3). Assessment was based on the grey level analysis of a black printed area on the top surface of the paper samples and on internal layers below that printed area (obtained by delamination of the paper sheets). From the grey level distribution curves it was possible to confirm that the majority of the ink was retained at the top surface, as expected. The penetration degree of the Ink pigment was RPS1< RPS3 RPS2 RP and the results were found to be related to the polar component of the surface energy. The ink penetration into the paper sheets was less pronounced for the papers with a higher surface polar character due to the stronger interactions between the water based ink and the surface sizing agents. The highest ink penetration was observed for sample RP due to the very low polarity (and lower topographical uniformity) of its surface.
... In inkjet, typically colorants are azo dyes having in their molecular structure sulfonic or carboxylic acid groups attached to an aromatic backbone. Other functional groups and substructures such as hydroxyl, amino, and nitrogen-containing heterocycles may be present as well [37,38]. Due to the high acidity of the sulfonic acid groups (and carboxylic acids in less extent), the corresponding dyes are predominantly anionic at the pH of the ink formulation (6.5-9). ...
A new approach for the chemical modification of the surface of paper based on the application of colloidal mixtures containing cationic starch and polyoxometalates on uncoated base paper is presented. Polyoxometalates with the Keggin-type structure and physical properties similar to those presented by coating pigments, namely H3PW12O40·23H2O, H4SiW12O40·24H2O, and K7PW11O39·9H2O, have been used in order to improve the quality of inkjet printing. The analysis of the different samples by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy showed the presence of the polyoxometalates (and the cationic starch) on the top surface of the paper. In addition, the determination of surface energy parameters, namely the polar component (σsp) and the dispersive component (σsd) of the surface energy, by contact angle measurements revealed that, for the new samples, the polar component level was much higher than that of the uncoated base paper. The quality of inkjet printing, evaluated by parameters such as the gamut area and the optical density, was considerably improved by these surface treatments.
In many practical applications, printed images or text are exposed to a light source, making their lightfastness an important characteristic. Good lightfastness assures good color stability after prolonged use. In this study an accelerated aging procedure using a
xenon arc lamp was applied to induce and investigate the degradation of Altona test chart color images and patches of offset and electrophotographic prints on papers made of virgin and 100% recycled fibers. In this article the authors present a new image processing method based on chrominance
histogram quantification and discuss its applicability and performance with respect to the conventional spectrophotometric approach. The chrominance histogram quantification method using printed images proves to be a viable alternative to the established spectrophotometric measurements
that are implemented on color patches and yield 2D color gamut information.
Vaterite is a crystal polymorph of calcium carbonate that is widely used in various industries, but rarely occurs in nature. This article presents an effective method for application of vaterite-type calcium carbonate as a coating pigment for ink jet paper instead of silica. Vaterite was prepared by mixing and agitating K2CO3 and CaCl2 solutions with an ultrasonic homogenizer. The vaterite crystal stability was examined to achieve vaterite properties appropriate for ink jet application. A high pH reduced transformation from vaterite to calcite because of the low solubility constant. Experiments revealed a low water contact angle on our vaterite-coated paper, suggesting high ink jet print quality. Furthermore, although our test calcite- coated and silica-coated samples exhibited bleeding, our vaterite- coated samples matched commercial silica-coated samples in qual- ity, probably, because the large hydrophilicity of vaterite promoted quick inward absorption of inks before they could spread laterally on the surface. © 2010 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. DOI: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2010.54.2.020504
Digital cameras have now replaced film-based cameras as the most popular method of still image capture. As a consequence, there has been a rise in growth of the photo-realistic digital-printer market as many amateur and professional photographers choose to produce their own hard copy images. The most popular digital printing technology for producing photo-realistic images is currently drop-on-demand ink jet. There has been much research into key factors influencing the quality, stability and durability of images produced using this, and other, digital printing technologies. A key area of study in achieving photo-realistic images from digital printing systems has been ink-receivable layers and dye/pigment colorants, and most importantly compatibility between the two. As with any new technology it is important to achieve an acceptable standard of performance and, to this end, research work has been instigated by the International Standards Institute since the mid-1990s, to achieve a set of standards appertaining to areas such as light fastness, water fastness, thermal stability, humidity fastness and pollution susceptibility. This paper reviews the current state regarding the aforementioned areas with respect to their influence on print quality, stability and durability.
There are many interaction phenomena occurring between inks and the printed surface during the inkjet ink setting and drying process on coated papers. First, the ink wets the surface and then absorption into the capillary network occurs. After milliseconds, the colourant and solvent/diluent parts of the ink separate. Wetting of the coating surface, and the interior of the capillary network, depends on the relative surface energies of the components being brought into contact, and their interaction may include selective adsorption. Additionally, diffusion phenomena occur a few seconds after the ink arrives at the surface, which may be vapour dependent or liquid–liquid and liquid–solute concentration dependent. The final ink drying and polymerization can last for hours.The interactions have a direct connection to the final print quality. The most important properties of the coated surface are the porous structure parameters – pore size, amount and the network they form – and the chemical nature. In the beginning, at the first contact of the ink with the surface, the chemical properties of the coating layer and the ink dominate. As the mobile ink components penetrate deeper into the coating structure, the pore structure becomes more important. In some cases, depending on the nature of the binder (water soluble and/or emulsion polymer-based), the ink diluent or solvent may enter the intermolecular structure of the binder of the coating layer by diffusion, and the binder often swells as a result. A more hydrophilic binder in contact with water-based ink swells more than the one that is less hydrophilic. The most important control parameters in designing inkjet print surfaces, from the point of view of ink spreading and penetration, are the porosity, permeability, thickness/bulk, sizing (hydrophobizing), moisture content, temperature, and capillary structure of paper.Depending on whether an ink is dye-based or pigment-based, a main aspect that affects the print quality is the distribution and permanence of the colourant. The aim, in the inkjet ink setting process, apart from providing a dried ink surface, is to fix the colourant part of ink at or in the uppermost layer of the coating whilst allowing the diluent/solvent part of ink to penetrate deeper into the structure. Proper colourant fixation produces high optical print density, bright colour tones, high sharpness, low bleeding, low print-through, and high rub and wet resistance.
