FIG 3 - uploaded by Patricia M de Freitas
Content may be subject to copyright.
Initial aspect of RHL on the upper and lower lips (A). Application of MB 0.01% (B). After 5 min, PDT performance on three points of each lesion (C and D). Aspect of the lesion after 48 h (E). One week after, the lesions had healed (F).
Source publication
The aim of this study was to report the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL) using a high-intensity laser or methylene blue (MB)-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in combination with low-level laser therapy (LLLT).
Four clinical cases of patients diagnosed with RHL are described in this report. Two patients were subjected to high-intensit...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 23-year-old woman, presenting with vesicles on both upper and lower lips, reported local pain, discomfort, and also an itching sensation that began 1 d before the scheduled appointment (Fig. 3A). The vesicles were perforated using a sterilized needle. Drainage was performed through slight and intermittent movements with sterilized gauze until the fluid stopped draining. Note that this procedure should be performed with caution to avoid spreading the infection to the adjacent area. So, in this case, it was extremely important to watch the fluid and keep the sterilized gauze around the area of the lesion. Methylene blue (MB) dye solution at a concentration of 0.01% (m=V) was applied into the already dried vesicles, and LLLT was performed 5 min after the dye application (Fig. 3B). PDT was performed using a diode laser with a continuous emission of a 660-nm wavelength red light (Photon Lase III, DMC, Sã o Carlos, SP, Brazil). The energy density was 100 J=cm 2 , the power output was 100 mW for 28 s per point, and 2.8 J of energy with a spot size of 0.028 cm 2 delivered through the punctual technique, in con- tact ( Fig. 3C and D). The total energy delivered was 8.4 J, equally divided between the three points for each vesicle. Sessions of LLLT were performed at 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7 d after PDT. After 24 h, crusts could already be noticed (Fig. 3E). The LLLT consisted of irradiating the same area with a total delivered dose of 20 J=cm 2 , a power output of 40 mW for 14 s per point, and 0.56 J of energy per point. The device used was the same as that described for the PDT technique. Seven days after the PDT session, the patient showed no clinical signs of the previous HSV lesion (Fig. 3F). After concluding the treatment, the patient returned once a month, for a period of 6 months, without reporting any re- currence of the lesion. episodes due to long periods of exposure to sunlight (Fig. 4A). The PDT parameters were the same as that described in case 3, due to the greater lesion size. Irradiation was per- formed at five points. Thus, the total delivered energy was of 14 J, equally divided between the five points. After drainage of the vesicles (Fig. 4B), the MB dye solution was applied for 5 min (Fig. 4C). The LLLT followed the same protocol as described in case 3, but five points were irradiated, totaling 2.8 J (Fig. 4D). After 48 h, a crusting site was noticed (Fig. 4E), and after 7 d, the patient presented no clinical signs or symptoms (Fig. 4F). He was followed up monthly and did not show any signs of recurrence in 6 ...
Context 2
... 23-year-old woman, presenting with vesicles on both upper and lower lips, reported local pain, discomfort, and also an itching sensation that began 1 d before the scheduled appointment (Fig. 3A). The vesicles were perforated using a sterilized needle. Drainage was performed through slight and intermittent movements with sterilized gauze until the fluid stopped draining. Note that this procedure should be performed with caution to avoid spreading the infection to the adjacent area. So, in this case, it was extremely important to watch the fluid and keep the sterilized gauze around the area of the lesion. Methylene blue (MB) dye solution at a concentration of 0.01% (m=V) was applied into the already dried vesicles, and LLLT was performed 5 min after the dye application (Fig. 3B). PDT was performed using a diode laser with a continuous emission of a 660-nm wavelength red light (Photon Lase III, DMC, Sã o Carlos, SP, Brazil). The energy density was 100 J=cm 2 , the power output was 100 mW for 28 s per point, and 2.8 J of energy with a spot size of 0.028 cm 2 delivered through the punctual technique, in con- tact ( Fig. 3C and D). The total energy delivered was 8.4 J, equally divided between the three points for each vesicle. Sessions of LLLT were performed at 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7 d after PDT. After 24 h, crusts could already be noticed (Fig. 3E). The LLLT consisted of irradiating the same area with a total delivered dose of 20 J=cm 2 , a power output of 40 mW for 14 s per point, and 0.56 J of energy per point. The device used was the same as that described for the PDT technique. Seven days after the PDT session, the patient showed no clinical signs of the previous HSV lesion (Fig. 3F). After concluding the treatment, the patient returned once a month, for a period of 6 months, without reporting any re- currence of the lesion. episodes due to long periods of exposure to sunlight (Fig. 4A). The PDT parameters were the same as that described in case 3, due to the greater lesion size. Irradiation was per- formed at five points. Thus, the total delivered energy was of 14 J, equally divided between the five points. After drainage of the vesicles (Fig. 4B), the MB dye solution was applied for 5 min (Fig. 4C). The LLLT followed the same protocol as described in case 3, but five points were irradiated, totaling 2.8 J (Fig. 4D). After 48 h, a crusting site was noticed (Fig. 4E), and after 7 d, the patient presented no clinical signs or symptoms (Fig. 4F). He was followed up monthly and did not show any signs of recurrence in 6 ...
Context 3
... 23-year-old woman, presenting with vesicles on both upper and lower lips, reported local pain, discomfort, and also an itching sensation that began 1 d before the scheduled appointment (Fig. 3A). The vesicles were perforated using a sterilized needle. Drainage was performed through slight and intermittent movements with sterilized gauze until the fluid stopped draining. Note that this procedure should be performed with caution to avoid spreading the infection to the adjacent area. So, in this case, it was extremely important to watch the fluid and keep the sterilized gauze around the area of the lesion. Methylene blue (MB) dye solution at a concentration of 0.01% (m=V) was applied into the already dried vesicles, and LLLT was performed 5 min after the dye application (Fig. 3B). PDT was performed using a diode laser with a continuous emission of a 660-nm wavelength red light (Photon Lase III, DMC, Sã o Carlos, SP, Brazil). The energy density was 100 J=cm 2 , the power output was 100 mW for 28 s per point, and 2.8 J of energy with a spot size of 0.028 cm 2 delivered through the punctual technique, in con- tact ( Fig. 3C and D). The total energy delivered was 8.4 J, equally divided between the three points for each vesicle. Sessions of LLLT were performed at 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7 d after PDT. After 24 h, crusts could already be noticed (Fig. 3E). The LLLT consisted of irradiating the same area with a total delivered dose of 20 J=cm 2 , a power output of 40 mW for 14 s per point, and 0.56 J of energy per point. The device used was the same as that described for the PDT technique. Seven days after the PDT session, the patient showed no clinical signs of the previous HSV lesion (Fig. 3F). After concluding the treatment, the patient returned once a month, for a period of 6 months, without reporting any re- currence of the lesion. episodes due to long periods of exposure to sunlight (Fig. 4A). The PDT parameters were the same as that described in case 3, due to the greater lesion size. Irradiation was per- formed at five points. Thus, the total delivered energy was of 14 J, equally divided between the five points. After drainage of the vesicles (Fig. 4B), the MB dye solution was applied for 5 min (Fig. 4C). The LLLT followed the same protocol as described in case 3, but five points were irradiated, totaling 2.8 J (Fig. 4D). After 48 h, a crusting site was noticed (Fig. 4E), and after 7 d, the patient presented no clinical signs or symptoms (Fig. 4F). He was followed up monthly and did not show any signs of recurrence in 6 ...
Context 4
... 23-year-old woman, presenting with vesicles on both upper and lower lips, reported local pain, discomfort, and also an itching sensation that began 1 d before the scheduled appointment (Fig. 3A). The vesicles were perforated using a sterilized needle. Drainage was performed through slight and intermittent movements with sterilized gauze until the fluid stopped draining. Note that this procedure should be performed with caution to avoid spreading the infection to the adjacent area. So, in this case, it was extremely important to watch the fluid and keep the sterilized gauze around the area of the lesion. Methylene blue (MB) dye solution at a concentration of 0.01% (m=V) was applied into the already dried vesicles, and LLLT was performed 5 min after the dye application (Fig. 3B). PDT was performed using a diode laser with a continuous emission of a 660-nm wavelength red light (Photon Lase III, DMC, Sã o Carlos, SP, Brazil). The energy density was 100 J=cm 2 , the power output was 100 mW for 28 s per point, and 2.8 J of energy with a spot size of 0.028 cm 2 delivered through the punctual technique, in con- tact ( Fig. 3C and D). The total energy delivered was 8.4 J, equally divided between the three points for each vesicle. Sessions of LLLT were performed at 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7 d after PDT. After 24 h, crusts could already be noticed (Fig. 3E). The LLLT consisted of irradiating the same area with a total delivered dose of 20 J=cm 2 , a power output of 40 mW for 14 s per point, and 0.56 J of energy per point. The device used was the same as that described for the PDT technique. Seven days after the PDT session, the patient showed no clinical signs of the previous HSV lesion (Fig. 3F). After concluding the treatment, the patient returned once a month, for a period of 6 months, without reporting any re- currence of the lesion. episodes due to long periods of exposure to sunlight (Fig. 4A). The PDT parameters were the same as that described in case 3, due to the greater lesion size. Irradiation was per- formed at five points. Thus, the total delivered energy was of 14 J, equally divided between the five points. After drainage of the vesicles (Fig. 4B), the MB dye solution was applied for 5 min (Fig. 4C). The LLLT followed the same protocol as described in case 3, but five points were irradiated, totaling 2.8 J (Fig. 4D). After 48 h, a crusting site was noticed (Fig. 4E), and after 7 d, the patient presented no clinical signs or symptoms (Fig. 4F). He was followed up monthly and did not show any signs of recurrence in 6 ...
Context 5
... 23-year-old woman, presenting with vesicles on both upper and lower lips, reported local pain, discomfort, and also an itching sensation that began 1 d before the scheduled appointment (Fig. 3A). The vesicles were perforated using a sterilized needle. Drainage was performed through slight and intermittent movements with sterilized gauze until the fluid stopped draining. Note that this procedure should be performed with caution to avoid spreading the infection to the adjacent area. So, in this case, it was extremely important to watch the fluid and keep the sterilized gauze around the area of the lesion. Methylene blue (MB) dye solution at a concentration of 0.01% (m=V) was applied into the already dried vesicles, and LLLT was performed 5 min after the dye application (Fig. 3B). PDT was performed using a diode laser with a continuous emission of a 660-nm wavelength red light (Photon Lase III, DMC, Sã o Carlos, SP, Brazil). The energy density was 100 J=cm 2 , the power output was 100 mW for 28 s per point, and 2.8 J of energy with a spot size of 0.028 cm 2 delivered through the punctual technique, in con- tact ( Fig. 3C and D). The total energy delivered was 8.4 J, equally divided between the three points for each vesicle. Sessions of LLLT were performed at 24, 48, and 72 h, and 7 d after PDT. After 24 h, crusts could already be noticed (Fig. 3E). The LLLT consisted of irradiating the same area with a total delivered dose of 20 J=cm 2 , a power output of 40 mW for 14 s per point, and 0.56 J of energy per point. The device used was the same as that described for the PDT technique. Seven days after the PDT session, the patient showed no clinical signs of the previous HSV lesion (Fig. 3F). After concluding the treatment, the patient returned once a month, for a period of 6 months, without reporting any re- currence of the lesion. episodes due to long periods of exposure to sunlight (Fig. 4A). The PDT parameters were the same as that described in case 3, due to the greater lesion size. Irradiation was per- formed at five points. Thus, the total delivered energy was of 14 J, equally divided between the five points. After drainage of the vesicles (Fig. 4B), the MB dye solution was applied for 5 min (Fig. 4C). The LLLT followed the same protocol as described in case 3, but five points were irradiated, totaling 2.8 J (Fig. 4D). After 48 h, a crusting site was noticed (Fig. 4E), and after 7 d, the patient presented no clinical signs or symptoms (Fig. 4F). He was followed up monthly and did not show any signs of recurrence in 6 ...
Similar publications
The experimental evaluated the photodynamic therapy (PDT) in wound healing. It used 60 male rats, making two circular wounds at each animal. They were treated at 48hs intervals, with methylene blue (MB), low level laser treatment (LLLT) or both, thus resulting in PDT. The wounds were observed 01, 03, 07, 14 and 21 days after and then processed and...
Statement of problem:
Denture stomatitis (DS) is an inflammatory oral lesion that occurs mostly in elderly denture wearers and that can negatively affect their quality of life. The conventional treatment plan for DS is topical or systemic fungicidal drug therapy, which are not without side effects.
Purpose:
The purpose of this systematic review...
Initially, the SARS-CoV-2 virus was considered as a pneumonia virus; however, a series of peer reviewed medical papers published in the last eight months suggest that this virus attacks the brain, heart, intestine, nervous and vascular systems, as well the blood stream. Although many facts remain unknown, an objective appraisal of the current scien...
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor that mainly affects the pediatric and adolescent population; limb salvage treatment has become one of the most concerned and expected outcomes of OS patients recently. Phototherapy (PT), as a novel, non-invasive, and efficient antitumor therapeutic approach including photodynamic the...
This paper corresponds to the lecture delivered by AAK at the international meeting and school for young scientists at Silver Ples under Kostroma city, Russia.
An idea that low level laser therapy (LLLT) by visible and infrared light results from direct excitation of oxygen molecules by laser radiation attracts keen attention of medical community a...
Citations
... PDT has found widespread acceptance in dentistry across various specialties, including surgery, periodontics, endodontics, dentistry, implantology, orthodontics, and pediatrics. Its applications are justified by its ability to promote rapid and effective healing, generate greater tissue repair in a short period, and reduce microbial load [14][15][16]. Additionally, PDT offers an accessible alternative that helps avoid overreliance on antibiotics in dentistry [15,17], thereby addressing the issue of bacterial resistance to these medications. ...
... Its applications are justified by its ability to promote rapid and effective healing, generate greater tissue repair in a short period, and reduce microbial load [14][15][16]. Additionally, PDT offers an accessible alternative that helps avoid overreliance on antibiotics in dentistry [15,17], thereby addressing the issue of bacterial resistance to these medications. [12,16]. ...
Microbiological control of dental pathologies presents a significant clinical challenge for dental surgeons, particularly considering drug-resistant microorganisms. To address this issue, Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has emerged as an effective and complementary technique for microbial reduction. This therapy involves the application of a photosensitizer dye (PS) either topically or systemically, followed by exposure to low-power lasers with appropriate visible light wavelengths. PDT has found a valuable place in dentistry across various specialties, including surgery, periodontics, endodontics, dentistry, implantology, orthodontics, and pediatrics. In the realm of pediatric dentistry, managing microorganisms during dental treatments has become a major challenge. Considering its promising results and ease of application, Photodynamic Therapy presents an interesting alternative for clinical practice. However, it is important to note that specific protocols must be followed for each application, encompassing the type of photosensitizer, concentration, pre-irradiation time, light type, wavelength, energy, power, and mode of light delivery. Researchers have been steadily refining these protocols to facilitate PDT’s integration into clinical practice. The objective of this review is to describe in which procedures and oral health problems in children PDT can be applied. In this sense, we list what the literature brings about the possibilities of applying PDT in a pediatric dentistry clinic.
... Using acyclovir few days before the onset of symptoms, accelerates the healing process [11]. On the other hand, few other studies have shown that antiviral drugs have a limited effect on healing time and have no effect on the recurrence rate [3,12,13]. However, evidence suggests that these drugs are associated with several side effects and limitations, including short half-life, frequent usage, the risk of renal toxicity in systemic administration, and HSV drug resistance. ...
Objective
This study aimed to determine the effect of Photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis (RHL), one of the most common herpes simplex virus type 1 infections.
Material and Methods
In this single-blind randomized clinical trial, Twenty-four symptomatic patients with RHL were enrolled. The patients were randomly allocated into the case (received 1% acyclovir cream with PBM 5 times a day for 5 days and control groups who received acyclovir cream similar to the regimen of the treatment group without PBM. The size of the lesions, and pain intensity (based on a visual analogue scale) were considered as the outcome.
Results
Our findings suggested that, pain intensity 48 hours and 72 hours after treatment in case group were significantly p < 0.001). The lesion’s size was significantly reduced on the 7th and 10th days in the case group (p < 0.05). Patients in the treatment group were significantly more satisfied with their treatment process = group (p = 0.008).
Conclusion
The results of the present study showed that LLLP in addition with acyclovir cream could be more efficient in treating pain intensity, lesion size, and recovery time in patients treated with recurrent herpes labialis infection.
Clinical Relevance:
Low laser therapy can be used as an adjuvant therapeutic tool in combination with Acyclovir in patients with Recurrent Herpes Labialis
... 29 Also, it has been hypothesized that HILT may decrease the number of viruses in vesicle fluid in herpes labialis by causing a local temperature rise. 30 Considering the gap in information regarding the effect of HILT on C. albicans, this study aimed to assess the effect of the high-intensity diode laser on the C. albicans colony count. ...
Introduction: This study assessed the effect of high-intensity laser on Candida albicans (C.albicans) colony count.
Methods: In vitro, an experimental study was conducted on standard-strain C. Albicans (ATCC18804). Seventy-two samples with two different concentrations of C. Albicans (104 cells/mL and 106 cells/mL) were randomly assigned to three groups of control, laser, and nystatin. Each group included 12 samples from each concentration. In the nystatin group, 10 cc of nystatin suspension was added to the samples and mixed for 30 60 seconds. In the laser group, the Ga-Al-Ar diode laser with 940 nm wavelength and 2 W power was irradiated to the samples with 0.4 mm tip diameter in non-contact mode (1 mm distance) at a speed of 1 mm/second. The suspensions in the three groups were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar culture medium and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The number of C. Albicans colonies was then counted and reported. The three groups were compared by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha=0.05).
Results: In both concentrations, the mean colony count in the nystatin group was significantly lower than that in the control (P<0.05) and laser (P<0.05) groups. The mean colony count in the laser group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: High-intensity laser with 940 nm wavelength and 2 W power in non-contact mode can significantly decrease the C. Albicans colony count in vitro, but its effect is lower than that of nystatin.
... For the treatment of Recurrent Herpes Labialis (RHL) caused by HSV-1, high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) following LLLT was applied alone [23], or in combination with methylene blue [145]. In one study without applying PDT [23], the Er,Cr:YSGG laser device was used as a HILT with a wavelength of 2.78 μm, a pulse duration of 140-200 μs, a fixed repetition rate of 20 Hz, and output power of 0.75 W, so that pain could be reduced during irradiation. ...
... For the treatment of Recurrent Herpes Labialis (RHL) caused by HSV-1, high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) following LLLT was applied alone [23], or in combination with methylene blue [145]. In one study without applying PDT [23], the Er,Cr:YSGG laser device was used as a HILT with a wavelength of 2.78 μm, a pulse duration of 140-200 μs, a fixed repetition rate of 20 Hz, and output power of 0.75 W, so that pain could be reduced during irradiation. This study was extended towards combination with PDT method using the methylene blue (MB) at a concentration of 0.01% (m/V) [145]. ...
The deadly viruses, which are spreading worldwide at an alarming rate, are a major challenge for the life sciences. More efficient and cost-effective methods with fewer side effects can provide a good alternative to traditional drug-based methods. Currently, physical phenomena such as light in the form of photodynamic action are increasingly being used to inactivate viruses. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) uses a photosensitizer (PS), light, and oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) to inactivate microorganisms. This article reviews the use of existing PSs, as one of the essential anti-viral agents, and introduces new materials and strategies combined with PDI. Physiochemical properties of PSs and their role in interaction with virus components are discussed. Furthermore, the effectiveness of optical sensitizers with radiation methods to inactivate viruses is highlighted.
... High-power and low-power lasers were used for treatment of herpes labialis [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], and in some of them, the results were similar or better than topical acyclovir [26,27]. ...
... Simunovic [17] (compared photobiomulation (PBM) therapy with HeNe 632.8 nm, 2 J/cm 2 for 3-5 days with acyclovir), Sanchez et al. [18] (compared PBM therapy with 670 nm with acyclovir), and de Carvalho et al. [19] (compared laser phototherapy 780 nm, 60 mW, 3.0 J/cm 2 or 4.5 J/cm 2 in comparison with acyclovir cream) reported that laser had higher efficacy than antiviral pharmaceutical therapy for faster recovery, prevention of recurrence, and reduction of sizing the lesion. Moreover, Marotti et al. [20] reported two cases treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser (power output 0.75 W, a pulse duration of 140-200 ms, and a fixed repetition rate of 20 Hz, sapphire tip 600 mm, air-and-water spray was set at 10% and 15%, spot size at the tip was 0.0028 cm 2 ) and after 1 day a 660-nm wavelength diode laser (3.8 J/cm 2 per point, power output of 15 mW, and 0.15 J of energy per point, delivered in three points through the punctual technique, in contact for 4 sessions). They also reported two cases of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue (0.01% m/V) and PBM therapy with 660 nm, 100 J/cm 2 , power output 100 mW, followed with PBM therapy for 4 sessions. ...
PurposeLaser therapy has been studied as a treatment for herpes labialis for some years. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of 660-nm low-level laser to defocused 810-nm high-power laser for treatment of herpes labialis.Methods
In this single-blinded clinical trial study, evaluated 32 patients with herpes labialis in prodromic and early vesicle phase (first 48 h) were divided into two same groups by inclusion-extrusion criteria consideration and ethic codes. For group A low-level 660-nm diode laser (6 J/cm2, 100 mW, 0 Hz, 60 s, near contact, focal point of laser unit was 1 cm2) and for group B high-power defocused 810-nm diode laser (2 W, CW, 300-µ fiber, at 0.5-cm distance, 60 s, screening method from the center toward outer for 1-cm2 area) were used. Pain score changes, time of pain relief, lesion size changes, time of clinical healing, recurrence rate within 6 months, and the recurrence interval were recorded. Data were analyzed using the t-test, Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, and ANOVA.ResultsThe pain intensity significantly decreased in both groups (P < 0.001) with no significant difference between them (P = 0.14). The time of pain relief was significantly shorter in group B (P = 0.003). The difference for the size of the lesion (P = 0.6) and time of clinical healing (P = 0.21) were not significant. The reduction in frequency of recurrence was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.55). The mean recurrence interval was significantly longer in group B (P = 0.002).Conclusion
Two treatment methods had similar effects, but the defocused 810-nm high-power laser had better efficacy for shorter time of pain relief and longer recurrence interval in treatment of herpes labialis in this study.
... Although acyclovir decreases the duration of symptoms, it does not prevent recurrence 156 . In view of the resistance that antiviral treatment can cause and the recurrence of the lesion, some alternative treatments have been studied, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is a good option 157 . x PDT against SARS Cov-2: ...
... Estes resultados também vêm de encontro aos descritos por por Marotti et al. (2010), que neste caso realizou o tratamento de vesículas decorrentes da herpes labial recorrente em 4 pacientes usando um laser de alta intensidade ou terapia fotodinâmica mediada por azul de metileno em combinação com terapia com LBI e acompanhamento de 6 meses, não havendo recidiva da lesão em nenhum dos casos. ...
... However, none of these studies used specific clinical parameters. In the studies by Marotti et al., 17,18 Lago et al., 15 and Sperandio et al., 16 the authors agreed that recovery occurred within a week. While de Araújo et al. 19 noted that the total recovery was visualized after 10 days. ...
... Four studies monitored patients to investigate the presence of recurrence. [16][17][18][19] The follow-up was 8 months in the study of de Araújo et al., 19 in which recurrence of lesions did not occur. While the follow-up was 6 months in the study of Marotti et al. 17,18 and Sperandio et al. 16 No recurrence was reported by Marotti et al. 17 and Sperandio et al. 16 However, Marotti et al. 18 reported that one case had a recurrence at 4 months posttreatment. ...
... [16][17][18][19] The follow-up was 8 months in the study of de Araújo et al., 19 in which recurrence of lesions did not occur. While the follow-up was 6 months in the study of Marotti et al. 17,18 and Sperandio et al. 16 No recurrence was reported by Marotti et al. 17 and Sperandio et al. 16 However, Marotti et al. 18 reported that one case had a recurrence at 4 months posttreatment. ...
Background: This systematic review aims to analyze the effectiveness of the association of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photobiomodulation (PBM) in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis and to analyze the very many variables of parameters applied, number of sessions, photosensitizer concentration, and the timing of the intervention to offer clinicians an indication of the most likely optimal techniques and parameters required to achieve clinical success. Methods: This study was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses PRISMA Checklist and registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). We searched and identified articles of the subsequent bibliographic databases: PubMed and Cochrane. Results: Since there are no clinical trials regarding the association of PDT and PBM in the treatment of herpes labialis, we only included case reports in our review. All studies used methylene blue solution as the photosensitizer and the laser (diode laser or low-power laser) with a wavelength of 660 nm as the light source. Power output, power density, number of irradiation points, number of PBM sessions, and irradiation duration varied between the included studies. Despite the diversity in parameters between studies, all case reports showed good results regarding relieving symptoms, accelerating healing, as well as reducing the incidence of recurrence without side effects. Conclusions: The association of PDT in the vesicular phase and PBM in the crust phase can be considered a promising solution for recurrent labial herpes. Despite the many successful cases reported, establishing an effective clinical protocol for the treatment of herpes labialis using PDT followed by PBM will only be possible through double-blind placebo studies that would elucidate the exact action of this treatment modality, the appropriate irradiation parameters for both therapies, optimal timing, and number of PBM sessions following PDT. This review has been registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42021290757.
... Estes resultados também vêm de encontro aos descritos por por Marotti et al. (2010), que neste caso realizou o tratamento de vesículas decorrentes da herpes labial recorrente em 4 pacientes usando um laser de alta intensidade ou terapia fotodinâmica mediada por azul de metileno em combinação com terapia com LBI e acompanhamento de 6 meses, não havendo recidiva da lesão em nenhum dos casos. ...
A estomatite aftosa recorrente (EAR) é uma das patologias mais comuns na rotina odontológica, sendo manifestada por meio de úlceras necrosantes que são, na maioria dos casos, bastante dolorosas e que podem perdurar por até 14 dias, afetando a qualidade de vida do paciente. Embora incerto, estudos indicam que o seu aparecimento pode estar relacionado ao sistema imunológico, falta de vitaminas, predisposição genética, entre outros fatores. O seu tratamento consiste na diminuição da sintomatologia do paciente e do tempo da lesão na cavidade bucal, associada a medicamentos ou terapias que acelerem o processo de reparação e analgesia. A irradiação com o laser em baixa intensidade (LBI) tem sido utilizada e estudada como terapia auxiliar para a EAR. Possui, entre diversos prós, efeitos analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios e eficácia regenerativa. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a efetividade do LBI na reparação tecidual, analgesia e recorrência da lesão aftosa maior recorrente em um paciente hebiatra selecionado na Clínica Odontológica da Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes acompanhado desde 2019, no qual foi realizada a irradiação de contato com comprimento de onda infravermelho de 808nm e dose em torno de 105J/cm2 em 4 pontos intrabucais, seguida de uma aplicação extrabucal para drenagem linfática, em duas sessões com intervalo de 24 horas, com acompanhamento após 60 dias e após 2 anos. Por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA), o paciente indicava a intensidade e evolução da dor, a qual foi reduzida de 10 (dor intensa) na 1ª sessão para 1 (dor leve) na 2ª sessão e permaneceu em 0 na 3ª sessão, após 60 dias e após 2 anos. Clinicamente, a lesão demorava por volta de 14 dias para cicatrizar e com a irradiação o tempo diminuiu para 3 dias, não havendo recidiva após 2 anos. O LBI se mostrou efetivo na reparação tecidual, analgesia e recorrência da lesão da estomatite aftosa maior por dois anos, evidenciando ser um tratamento eficaz e confiável.
... 108 In a controlled study of recurrent herpes labialis, Marotti et al. determined that photodynamic treatment with high-intensity laser activation of methylene blue (MB), paired with low-level laser therapy, was beneficial in recovery and eliminated recurrence within the 6-month follow-up period. 93 All participants had previously experienced multiple outbreaks per year, marking the success of the study. More recently, in 2017, Osiecka et al. published their pilot study and preliminary results for PDT with ALA applied to diverse types of recurrent HSV infection in eight patients. ...
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which are growing at a frightening rate worldwide, has put the world on a long-standing alert. The COVID-19 health crisis reinforced the pressing need to address a fast-developing pandemic. To mitigate these health emergencies and prevent economic collapse, cheap, practical, and easily applicable infection control techniques are essential worldwide. Application of light in the form of photodynamic action on microorganisms and viruses has been growing and is now successfully applied in several areas. The efficacy of this approach has been demonstrated in the fight against viruses, prompting additional efforts to advance the technique, including safety use protocols. In particular, its application to suppress respiratory tract infections and to provide decontamination of fluids, such as blood plasma and others, can become an inexpensive alternative strategy in the fight against viral and bacterial infections. Diverse early treatment methods based on photodynamic action enable an accelerated response to emerging threats prior to the availability of preventative drugs. In this review, we evaluate a vast number of photodynamic demonstrations and first-principle proofs carried out on viral control, revealing its potential and encouraging its rapid development toward safe clinical practice. This review highlights the main research trends and, as a futuristic exercise, anticipates potential situations where photodynamic treatment can provide a readily available solution.
