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Source publication
The lamination process of photovoltaic (PV) modules significantly influences their long-term reliability. One way to control the quality of the lamination process is measuring the degree of crosslinking of the modules, reflecting sufficiency of process parameters like lamination temperature and lamination duration. In this study, we conducted therm...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... laminates were sampled from the center, module sampling was constrained by solar cells. The degree of crosslinking of the GB module and GG module in Figure 4 shows the mean values measured on the front and rear side of the modules. Figure 4 presents the crosslinking degrees for the GB and GG modules, revealing differences ranging from 3.5% to 6.5%, based on module lay-up and encapsulant. ...
Context 2
... degree of crosslinking of the GB module and GG module in Figure 4 shows the mean values measured on the front and rear side of the modules. Figure 4 presents the crosslinking degrees for the GB and GG modules, revealing differences ranging from 3.5% to 6.5%, based on module lay-up and encapsulant. The graph highlights a reduction in crosslinking after inserting cells for all cases. ...
Citations
... However, the laminate is heated up from ambient conditions to about 150 • C. The peroxide curing kinetics are highly dependent on the applied temperature. Hence, a non-isothermal consideration of the process is important for an accurate prediction of the final conversion [9][10][11]. ...
... Temperature tracking during lamination and thermal simulation revealed significant inhomogeneities of the temperature distribution within the minimodule. This was also reported by other research groups investigating glass/EVA/backsheet and glass/EVA/glass laminates [11,12]. The highest crosslinking rate and temperature was observed at the bottom glass surface, which was in direct contact with the heated plate of the membrane laminator. ...
This study presents a model for determining the non-isothermal curing kinetics of peroxide crosslinking polyolefin copolymers used for encapsulation of silicon solar cells in photovoltaic modules. Therefore, rheological data of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and polyolefin elastomer (POE) were analyzed. The curing kinetics were described assuming a temperature dependent Arrhenius rate coefficient and implementing a reaction rate model. Validation was performed under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. An excellent agreement of experimental and model data was ascertained. The model was used to determine the non-isothermal crosslinking conversion during lamination of EVA or POE based photovoltaic mini-modules. Temperatures were tracked by positioning seven sensors within the mini-modules. Moreover, a thermal simulation model was implemented. Also on module level, the experimental results corroborated the simulated data. A lamination temperature of 150 °C led to insufficient curing of POE based modules. Similar conversion rates were achieved for EVA and POE encapsulants at 150 and 160 °C, respectively.
