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Inflorescences and leaves of Hoya merrillii (A-B) and Hoya quinquenervia (C-D). (Photographs: Jorge Sahagun, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute )
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Variations in leaf traits of two very likely similar plants, Hoya merrillii Schlechter and Hoya quinquenervia Warburg were examined together with an outgroup, Hoya cagayanensis Burton. The objectives of the study are to examine the leaf architectural characteristics of Hoya merrillii and Hoya quinquenervia and use the information as an additional b...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... actual leaves and flowers of Hoya merrillii and H. quinquenervia as shown in Figure 1 show very subtle differences. Specific character states for both laminal and nerve characters are listed in Tables 1 and 2. where the character states that separate H.merrillii and H.quinquenervia are highlighted. ...
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Citations
... ex L. (Lin et al. 2015), Diplazium Sw. (Conda et al., 2017), Adiantum L. (Huiet et al., 2018), Dioscorea Plum. ex L. (Antonio and Buot 2021), and Hoya R. Br. (Salvaña and Buot 2014;Villareal and Buot 2015;Jumawan and Buot 2016;Torrefiel and Buot, 2017;Tan and Buot 2018;Baltazar and Buot, 2019;Paguntalan and Buot 2019). These researches revealed that leaf architecture has enormous potential as a tool for solving taxonomic problems. ...
Leaf venation characters of twelve (12) Cucumis taxa, comprised of eight species, three subspecies, and three varieties were examined to determine patterns of leaf architectural characters and delineate these accessions at the species, subspecies, and variety level. The leaf architecture of twenty-seven accessions representing six taxa were examined and described in this study. Additionally, data on the leaf architecture of another six taxa (represented by 57 accessions) published by Masungsong et al. (2022) were incorporated in the analysis. Results revealed that the twelve (12) taxa of Cucumis primarily varied in blade class, apex angle, primary vein size, secondary vein spacing, tertiary vein angle to primary vein, and areole development. These variations were found consistent with Cucumis species examined in previous studies. A dichotomous key was constructed for the twelve Cucumis taxa using leaf characters derived. Cluster analysis (based on UPGMA) formed two major clusters at 0.130 Gower distance. Cluster I includes Cucumis melo subsp. melo, C. pustulatus, C. melo var. flexuosus, C. melo subsp. agrestis, and C, melo var. texanus which exhibited secondary vein spacing that increases towards the base. while Cluster II is composed of the remaining Cucumis taxa, all displaying irregular secondary vein spacing. Furthermore, sub-clusters were formed based on tertiary vein angle in relation to primary vein, blade class, apex angle, and primary vein size. Results showed that utilizing leaf architecture is an effective technique to describe, characterize and delineate closely related taxa with many similar characters.
... Another study aimed to evaluate the leaf architectural traits of Hoya merrillii Schlechter, Hoya quinquenervia Warburg, and Hoya cagayanensis Burton. The results demonstrated variation between the plant groupings analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis [15]. Hoya buntokensis is a new species from Central Kalimantan and Hoya wallichii subsp. ...
... And these are the venation patterns more leaf architectural pattern which is a morphological character, is genetically fixed. Numerous studies had been following and testing the initial results of Roth-Nebelsick et al. (2001), and all reported the great potential of leaf architecture as a tool in addressing taxonomic problems (Baroga and Buot 2014;Pulan and Buot 2014;Salvaña and Buot 2014;Villareal and Buot 2015;Jumawan and Buot 2016;Conda et al. 2017;Torrefiel and Buot 2017;Conda and Buot 2018;Huiet et al. 2018;Tan and Buot 2018;Baltazar andBuot 2019b and2019c;Masungsong et al. 2019a and2019b;Paguntalan and Buot 2019;Averion-Masungsong and Buot 2020). Results of these studies claimed that leaf architecture can be very relevant in solving the identity of taxonomically confusing taxon, in the absence of reproductive structures which are quite seasonal. ...
Masungsong LA, Alcala AA, Buot IE Jr., Belarmino MM. 2022. Classifying fifty-seven Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae) accessions into six species using leaf architectural traits. Biodiversitas 23: 4006-4017. In gene banks, there are myriads of accessions that need to be studied, grouped, classified and organized to the proper taxon and hence, be able to manage the accessions efficiently. Using leaf architecture traits, it is the objective of this study to determine the identity and classify the 57 Cucumis accessions in the genebank of Hortanova Farm and Research Center, East-West Seed Company, Inc., Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines. Five hundred thirteen Cucumis leaf samples across the 57 accessions were collected, measured, thoroughly investigated, and described using leaf architectural characters. Results of leaf architectural analyses focusing on the blade class, apex angle, secondary vein spacing, tertiary vein angle in relation to primary vein, and areole development, revealed that the 57 accessions can be grouped into six (6) species of Cucumis, namely, C. melo subsp. agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo, C. melo var. texanus Naudin, C. melo var. flexuosus (L.) Naudin, C. zambianus Widrl, J.H.Kirkbr., Ghebret. & K.R.Reitsma, C. sativus L., and C. sativus var. hardwickii (Royle) Gabaev. Cucumis sativus and C. sativus var hardwickii were delineated from the rest of the species for having a macrophyll blade class, an odd lobed acute apex angle and an obtuse tertiary vein angle in relation to the primary vein. This delineation is illustrated in the constructed dichotomous botanical key. Utilizing leaf architecture characters is an effective technique to characterize, identify and classify closely related taxa possessing confusing characters.
... Specifically, this paper compared the shape, size and organization of their leaves including their leaf venation patterns. Several studies in the country have effectively demonstrated the value of using leaf architecture as tools for identifying and classifying plants, as well as in addressing taxonomic confusions (Villareal and Buot 2015;Jumawan and Buot 2016;Torrefiel and Buot 2017;Baltazar and Buot 2019;Paguntalan and Buot 2019;Hernandez et al. 2020;Antonio and Buot 2021;Viacruciz and Buot 2021), and this is among the most valuable morpho-anatomical tools for species delineation (Masungsong et al. 2019). ...
Major confusion still exists among several authors concerning the taxonomy of the dagwey plant. This species is economically significant to the Ikalahan tribe of Luzon, Philippines. Several papers claimed that the plant is Saurauia bontocensis, while others stated that it is Saurauia subglabra. Many botanical websites claimed that S. subglabra is synonymous with S. polysperma, while another article distinguished S. subglabra from S. polysperma. Thus, to help resolve the taxonomic ambiguities, this paper performed a comparative analysis of the leaf architectural characters of S. bontocensis and S. polysperma with the aid of digital image analysis software and cluster analysis. Results revealed that the blade characters alone, delineate the two species, particularly, in terms of the laminar size, shape, symmetry, leaf L:W ratio, base and apex angle, and base shape. Additionally, the leaf venation characters delineate the two species, specifically, on the 2º to 5º vein categories, 2º vein angle, 3º vein course, 3º vein angle to 1º, areolation, freely ending ultimate veins, marginal ultimate venation, and leaf rank. Generally, S. bontocensis have larger, longer, and wider leaves compared with the S. polysperma. The leaf architecture analysis performed in this paper produced a very promising result in differentiating the two Saurauia species and could be used to address some of the taxonomic confusion of these species. The study indicated that S. bontocensis and S. polysperma are two distinct species. Moreover, the use of digital image analysis software was very helpful in the computations of the various blade characters, particularly the digital herbarium exsiccate in the absence of actual leaf samples.
... camphorifolia (Torrefiel andBuot 2017), H. merrillii vs. H. quinquenervia (Paguntalan and Buot 2019), to name a few. ...
Scott HC, Buot JR IE. 2022. Leaf architectural analysis of taxonomically ambiguous Hoya lacunosa Blume and Hoya krohniana Kloppenb. & Siar. Biodiversitas 23: 2055-2065. The horticulturally important Hoya R.Br. species Hoya lacunosa Blume and Hoya krohniana Kloppenb. & Siar are often mistaken for each other because of their generally similar inflorescence morphology. Based on the hypothesis that leaf venation patterns are genetically fixed, leaf architectural analysis was done to determine the difference between these two taxonomically confusing species. Thirty fully expanded leaves were obtained per species from mature plants of H. lacunosa, H. krohniana and an outgroup, H. pubicorolla. Laminar and venation characters were analyzed using standard leaf architecture protocols. Results show that the main distinction lies in their laminar characters, particularly the base angle and base shape. H. lacunosa samples showed acute to obtuse base angles with cuneate and convex leaf bases, while H. krohniana were found to have obtuse reflex base angles with convex, cordate and rounded leaf bases. Analysis of venation characters shows no considerable difference between the patterns seen in H. lacunosa and the patterns observed in H. krohniana. Further investigation of higher vein orders is recommended. Initial comparison of H. lacunosa pollinaria with the photos of H. krohniana pollinaria from its type description show strikingly similar morphology; for this reason, we also recommend floral morphology comparisons, particularly pollinaria morphology to further establish the similarity and delineation of H. lacunosa and H. krohniana.
... Even with limited dissimilar characters, the analysis showed that all species exhibit variability in the laminal and venation characters, and thus are distinct from one another. The study agreed with the findings of Roth-Nebelsick et al. (2001) and many others (Buot 2020;Paguntalan and Buot 2019;Baltazar and Buot 2019a;Baltazar and Buot 2019b;Baltazar and Buot 2019c) that leaf architectural characters are genetically fixed and hence, can be used favorably in taxonomic studies, especially when dealing with controversial taxa as S. aqueum and S. samarangense. ...
Viacrucis III JDL, Buot Jr. IE. 2021. Short Communication: Leaf architectural analysis of confusing Syzygium species: Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston and Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry (Myrtaceae). Biodiversitas 22: 3341-3348. Among species of Myrtaceae family which has economic and ecological importance are the two Syzygium species, Syzygium aqueum and Syzygium samarangense. Both species are cultivated throughout the tropics because of their edible fruits and medicinal properties of various plant parts. However, despite their wide utilization, the two species are often confusing due to their morphological similarity. In this study, leaf architecture of S. aqueum and S. samarangense have been evaluated to delineate the two confusing taxa. Selected laminal and venation characters were compared. Results showed many similar characters shared between the two species, however, laminar size, apex and base shape, areolation, and freely ending veinlets (FEVs) were found to be distinct. Multivariate analyses, cluster analysis employing Gower similarity index, using unweighted pair-group average (UPGMA) and single linkage (nearest neighbor) algorithm, and ordination using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), illustrated that they are grouped separately. The variations in laminal and venation characters are additional set of information that will allow accurate differentiation of the two species. However, it is recommended that additional taxonomical analysis using various methods, such as molecular techniques, be employed and characters, such as floral morphology, be studied to contribute in the resolution of the taxonomic complexity of this group and other taxonomic controversies
