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Conventional textile wet processing is characterized by a high concentration of chemicals and very high temperatures, which can have considerable negative effects on the environment and energy consumption. Enzymes are one of the paramount interests in textile wet processing towards sustainable development and low energy consumption. Enzymes have be...
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Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most common organic dyes that contaminates textile wastewater. Since it has many adverse effects on human health when exposed at higher doses than recommended limits, MB in effluents must be treated prior to discharge. In this study, the removal of MB from water using electrochemical reactor with flexible graphite...
Citations
... The hydrolase group of enzymes, such as amylase, cellulase, pectinase, protease, and catalase, are commonly used in textile preparation to catalyse chemical compounds hydrolyse [2,3]. These enzymes work well in low-temperature, low-pH environments, remain unchanged during the process, and are considered a safer alternative to toxic chemicals [4,5]. ...
... Hydrolase-based enzymes are capable of catalysing the breakdown of bonds such as carbon-carbon, carbon-nitrogen, carbon-oxygen, and others. Enzymes are used in different textile processes, including desizing, bioscouring, biobleaching, biopolishing, and biostoning [4]. Different enzymes are used in these processes, such as amylase, pectinase, cellulase, cutinase, xylanase, catalase, protease, and lipase, due toles energy and water consumption and less intense process conditions [4,6]. ...
... Enzymes are used in different textile processes, including desizing, bioscouring, biobleaching, biopolishing, and biostoning [4]. Different enzymes are used in these processes, such as amylase, pectinase, cellulase, cutinase, xylanase, catalase, protease, and lipase, due toles energy and water consumption and less intense process conditions [4,6]. In the desizing process of cotton woven fabric, size materials were removed using alpha-amylase enzyme, which breaks down the starch-based sizing materials [4]. ...
Enzymatic processing has been a suitable bio-based sustainable application for the textile industry, mitigates the use of harsh chemicals, and minimises environmental impact. Among these enzymes, cellulase enzymes have been extensively used for biopolishing applications. This study introduces an eco-friendly biopolishing of cotton fabric that has been developed by using enzymes extracted from wasted sugarcane bagasse waste in an aqueous medium. Various extraction conditions were explored, and experiments were conducted under diverse time, pH, and temperature settings. The qualitative BUTEXDCE2022C01 testing method was used to assess the biopolishing effects, resulting in a considerable reduction in fabric weight (up to 5.26%) and strength (up to 10.54%). The optimum biopolishing condition was identified to be 1 h at pH 4.8, 55 °C from the fermented solution on day three, indicating the presence of acid cellulase enzyme. The viability of cellulase enzymes has been verified through comparative analysis with commercial samples that had undergone enzyme-biopolishing. Extracted and filtered enzymes exhibited pH stability at room temperature and proved equally effective as industrial enzymes. As textile industries pursue eco-friendly solutions, extracting cellulase from wasted sugarcane bagasse could be a sustainable and alternative option, which also can be sourced locally. Therefore, these findings have wider implications for sustainable enzyme extraction methods and contributions to environmental conservation.
... Chemicals [28][29][30] and enzymatic finishing [31] are regularly applied to textile materials for various functional and aesthetic properties. Denim fabrics often undergo chemical and enzymatic washing processes. ...
Core-spun yarn (CSY) is utilized for better fabric characteristics like stretchability, durability, and comfortability. The study aims to investigate the influence of spandex drafts of core-spun yarn on denim fabric characteristics before and after washing treatment. Two types of denim fabrics were produced from two types of core-spun yarn, namely 16 + 40D, and 16 + 70D by applying 2.8, 3.0, 3.20 spandex drafts for 16 + 40D, and 3.40, 3.50, 3.60 spandex drafts for 16 + 70D. Prepared denim fabrics were desized, and acid-washed and the properties of denim fabric before and after washing were investigated as a function of spandex drafts and deniers. Accurate count, twist, and better elongation percentage were observed at 2.80 draft for 16 + 40D CSY and 3.4 draft for 16 + 70D CSY, but a higher imperfection index (IPI) value was obtained on those drafts. The strength of the denim fabric prepared with 16 + 40D CSY and 16 + 70D CSY were higher at 2.8 and 3.6 drafts, respectively. Higher shrinkage (%), ends per inch (EPI), and fabric weight of denim fabric was obtained after washing compared to before washing. The width of both fabrics decreased when the fabric was washed. Exploring various drafts of core material and their correlations with yarn and fabric properties provides valuable insights for textile manufacturers seeking to produce denim fabrics with optimum quality.
... Cotton and polyester fibers play a dominant role in the textile industry. Due to their properties and price, they are the most popular fibers in apparel, home textiles, and industrial textiles [1][2][3][4]. In our daily life, our bodies always secrete sweat, enhancing the bacterial growth within the fabric, which can cause unexpected odor and harm human health. ...
84 химическая технология вестник витебского государственного технологического университета, 2023, № 3 (46) АННОТАЦИЯ С увеличением напряженности повседневной жизни людей выделение пота человеческим телом неу-клонно повышается. В связи с этим специалисты текстильной промышленности постоянно разраба-тывают новые виды материалов для удовлетворения потребностей потребителей. На сегодняшний день хлопчатобумажные и полиэфирные ткани преобладают среди всех текстильных материалов, ко-торые люди чаще всего используют в повседневной жизни. Текстильные изделия, особенно изготовлен-ные из целлюлозных волокон, таких как хлопок, могут способствовать росту микроорганизмов из-за большой площади контакта с телом человека и высокой гигроскопичности. В отличие от целлюлозных материалов полиэфирные волокна не содержат химически функциональных или гидрофильных групп. При этом использование, как хлопчатобумажных, так и полиэфирных тканей может приводить к появ-лению нежелательных запахов из-за разложения пота микроорганизмами. Нанесение хитозана на тек-стильные полотна является перспективным подходом для функционализации текстиля. Известно, что хитозан является популярным отделочным средством благодаря его внутренним свойствам, таким как биосовместимость, биоразлагаемость, нетоксичность, распространенность в природе, антими-кробная и антистатическая способность и т. д. В этом исследовании для отделки хлопчатобумажных и полиэфирных тканей был применен раствор хитозана с использованием традиционной технологии «пропитка-отжим-сушка». Исследования тканей осуществлялось с использованием дроп-теста, ска-нирующей электронной микроскопии и цветовых измерений. В данном исследовании представлен анализ результатов отделки хлопчатобумажных и полиэфирных тканей хитозансодержащими аппретирую-щими композициями. Ключевые слова: хитозан; плюсование; крашение; сканирующая электронная микроскопия; СЭМ; дроп-тест. Информация о статье: поступила 29 мая 2023 года. Статья подготовлена по материалам доклада Международной научно-технической конференции «Инновации в текстиле, одежде, обуви (ICTAI-2023)». ABSTRACT With the increased stress in people's daily lives, the secretion of sweat from the human body has steadily increased. Therefore, textile industries continue to introduce various products to meet consumers' demands. Thus far, people use more cotton and polyester fabrics among other textile fabrics in their daily usage or total living period. Textile products, especially those made from cellulose fibers such as cotton, can promote the growth of microorganisms due to their high surface area and moisture retention. In contrast to cellulosic materials, polyester contains no chemically functional or hydrophilic groups. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure wearers' protection as both cotton and polyester can create unwanted odors due to the decomposition of sweat by microorganisms. The application of chitosan on textile substrates is a useful approach for textile functionalization. Chitosan has been reported as a popular finishing agent due to its intrinsic properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, 85 химическая технология вестник витебского государственного технологического университета, 2023, № 3 (46) non-toxicity, abundance in nature, antimicrobial, and antistatic ability, etc. In this study, the solution of chitosan was applied to 100 % cotton and polyester fabrics using a common pad-dry-cure technique. The resulting fabrics were characterized by drop-test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and color measurement. Thus, this study presents a small overview of the finishing using chitosan-containing recipes on both cotton and polyester fabrics.
... Moreover, the environmental aspect of double bath methods is less desirable because energy and chemical consumption are about double compared to single bath operations 6,7 . In the textile dyeing industry, to develop sustainability, it is important to simplify the dyeing process and reduce the consumption of water and various chemical auxiliaries 8 and many different approaches are applied to make the textile colouration environment friendly such as pretreatment 9 , dyeing [10][11][12][13] , printing 14,15 , and finishing [16][17][18] . Therefore, researchers have given much effort for years to achieve union dyeing in a single-bath-singlestage exhaust method. ...
In this study, an attempt has been made to dye the cotton/acrylic blend fabrics in a single‐bath‐single‐stage method considering today's growing market of such blended products. Yarn blend cotton/acrylic fabric was produced and dyed at 3% shade using indigo dye in the exhaust method to optimize the dyeing conditions by varying the amount of reducing agent, pH and dyebath temperature. The colour yield of both the acrylic part and cotton components of the blend was influenced by pH levels. Meanwhile, the temperature played a notable role in determining the colour yield of the acrylic portion. Optimized dyeing conditions were obtained at pH 6 and 120 °C for the acrylic part, whereas pH 11 and 90 °C temperature for the cotton part. These conditions involved the use of sodium dithionite (15 g/L) as a reducing agent and sodium hydroxide as an alkali. While the yarn blend fabrics exhibited a unique shadow dyeing effect, solid dyeing results were achieved with fibre blend fabrics, underscoring the versatility of this single‐bath‐single‐stage method. . To assess the overall dyeing performance, comprehensive evaluations including bursting strength measurements, assessments of fastness to washing, perspiration, and rubbing were conducted, all of which provided valuable insights into the durability and colour retention of the yarn blend fabrics. This research not only addresses the demand for cotton/acrylic blend fabrics in today's market but also demonstrates an efficient and innovative single‐bath‐single‐stage dyeing approach using indigo dye, which holds promise for the textile industry's future sustainability and product diversity.
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... The recognition of environmental issues and the implementation of strict regulations have stimulated investigation into sustainable chemicals that can replace harmful and carcinogenic substances used in different stages of textile production, such as pretreatment [1], dyeing [2][3][4], printing [5,6], and finishing [7][8][9]. As an extension of this work, researchers are exploring natural alternatives for dyeing various textile materials that have traditionally employed toxic synthetic colorants [10]. ...
The textile industry has been exploring sustainable chemicals and natural alternatives to replace harmful and carcinogenic substances used in different stages of textile production for dyeing textiles. Natural dyes are gaining popularity, as they are environmentally friendly and less harmful. Betacyanin, a type of pigment obtained from red pitahaya, commonly known as red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus), has peels that are available as agricultural waste and can be used to meet the demand for natural dye production. This study aimed to explore and utilize dragon fruit's peel as a natural colorant for dyeing 100% cotton knit fabric (scoured and bleached single jersey plain knit) of 170 g/m 2 , which could transform a low-value material into a valuable product. However, cotton's phenolic nature and oxidation process result in negative charges on its surface, making natural dyeing challenging. Cationization with cationic agents (ForCat NCH, a mixture of cationic polyamine and 1,3,dichlori-2-propanol) and mordanting (potassium alum or potassium aluminum sulfate) were carried to improve dye exhaustion and enhance colorfastness properties. Spectrophotometer 800 was used to measure color strength (K/S), and several fastness tests, including wash, perspiration, and rubbing were conducted to assess the final product's performance. The process parameters, such as temperatures, times, pH levels, and dye concentrations were varied to understand better the optimum conditions.
... During the process, a pumice stone can lose up to 50% of its weight and produce a large amount of pumice grit, which can result in pumice sludge. The use of enzymes instead of pumice stones is environmentally friendly (Eid and Ibrahim 2021;Hoque et al. 2021;Mevada et al. 2022). Pazarlioğlu et al. (2005) reported that back staining and tissue stiffness have previously limited the use of acid cellulases, such as those produced by Trichoderma, in biostoning, and anti-redeposition chemicals or bleaching agents have been employed to counteract this during washing phases. ...
Purpose
The textile industry’s previous chemical use resulted in thousands of practical particulate emissions, such as machine component damage and drainage system blockage, both of which have practical implications. Enzyme-based textile processing is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, non-hazardous, and water-saving. The purpose of this review is to give evidence on the potential activity of microbial cellulase in the textile industry, which is mostly confined to the realm of research.
Methods
This review was progressive by considering peer-reviewed papers linked to microbial cellulase production, and its prospective application for textile industries was appraised and produced to develop this assessment. Articles were divided into two categories based on the results of trustworthy educational journals: methods used to produce the diversity of microorganisms through fermentation processes and such approaches used to produce the diversity of microbes through microbial fermentation. Submerged fermentation (SMF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) techniques are currently being used to meet industrial demand for microbial cellulase production in the bio textile industry.
Results
Microbial cellulase is vital for increasing day to day due to its no side effect on the environment and human health becoming increasingly important. In conventional textile processing, the gray cloth was subjected to a series of chemical treatments that involved breaking the dye molecule’s amino group with Cl − , which started and accelerated dye(-resistant) bond cracking. A cellulase enzyme is primarily derived from a variety of microbial species found in various ecological settings as a biotextile/bio-based product technology for future needs in industrial applications.
Conclusion
Cellulase has been produced for its advantages in cellulose-based textiles, as well as for quality enhancement and fabric maintenance over traditional approaches. Cellulase’s role in the industry was microbial fermentation processes in textile processing which was chosen as an appropriate and environmentally sound solution for a long and healthy lifestyle.
... The acknowledgment of the persisting environmental issues and consequences of various industrial processes and practices has generated awareness of the need to search for sustainable and eco-friendly options or redesign existing methods [1]. Strict environmental regulations have promoted research in sustainable chemicals for textile coloration [2] and the substitution of harmful substances in the pretreatment [3], dyeing [4,5], printing [6], and finishing [7] of textile materials. Synthetic dyes and pigments are generally not biodegradable and ...
Synthetic dyes used for the coloration of textile goods are not readily biodegradable and are a major concern for water pollution. Nature has abundant sources of potential colorants for textile applications. There are many challenges in textile coloration using natural dyes and pigments, and significant research efforts are currently put into replacing synthetic textile dyes successfully. In order to gain insight into the future trajectory of dyeing research utilizing natural colorants, a bibliometric analysis from 1990 to 2021 using the Science Citation Index Expanded database was conducted. The analysis focused on how well the publication performed in terms of outputs and citations annually, mainstream journals, Web of Science categories, top universities, top nations, research trends, and hotspots. An overview of the most frequently used keywords derived from terms in the article title analysis, authors’ keyword analysis, and KeyWords Plus analysis served as the foundation for determining current research goals and future trends. The findings indicated that no noteworthy research on this topic was conducted in the final decade of the previous century but that it did begin to get the attention of scholars in the first decade of this century. The use of natural dyes in industry has significantly expanded during the past ten years. “Fastness” is the interest point that has received the most attention. Mordants, or environmentally friendly extraction techniques such as ultrasonic, gamma irradiation, etc., represent the future of this research area. On the other hand, ultraviolet protection and antibacterial or antimicrobial properties are becoming more and more popular in the field of textile dyeing research using natural colorants.
Denim has been a popular choice of apparel worldwide, prized for its versatility and long-lasting qualities. Being a core part of fashion trends for ages, a variety of techniques are being introduced in the denim industry to create a diverse and aged look. This research investigates the application of a combination of amylase, cellulase, and laccase at different temperatures on denim to achieve desired aged or faded appearance. The samples from 9 different washing recipes were analyzed properly for tensile strength, seam strength, color changes, back staining, stiffness, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results led to the finding of an optimal washing condition. An aged look on denim fabric can be varied by varying washing temperatures and amounts of laccase enzyme. The highest fading of denim garment was obtained when washed at a temperature of 65 °C for 45 minutes using 1.5 g/L of amylase, 1.5 g/L of cellulase, and 2 g/L of laccase enzyme. This was confirmed by the lowest whiteness index of the pocketing fabric (70.1) with an improved fabric feel as evident from the lowest bending length of 2.254 cm. The enzymatic process was 19 found to be significantly environment-friendly as generated wastewater required almost 4 times less oxygen to degrade than the wastewater from the conventional process. Notably, this temperature selection did not negatively impact the fabric's tensile strength and abrasion resistance, emphasizing the efficiency of enzymatic processes. It further strengthened the position of single-bath-single-stage enzymatic treatment of denim as an alternative to conventional denim washing.
A bibliometric study using 1992 to 2021 database of the Science Citation Index Expanded was carried out to identify which are the current trends in textile wastewater treatment research. The study aimed to analyze the performance of scholarly scientific communications in terms of yearly publications/citations, total citations, scientific journals, and their categories in the Web of Sciences, top institutions/countries and research trends. The annual publication of scientific articles fluctuated in the first ten years, with a steady decrease for the last twenty years. An analysis of the most common terms used in the authors’ keywords, publications’ titles, and KeyWords Plus was carried out to predict future trends and current research priorities. Adsorbent nanomaterials would be the future of wastewater treatment for decoloration of the residual dyes in the wastewater. Membranes and electrolysis are important to demineralize textile effluent for reusing wastewater. Modern filtration techniques such as ultrafiltration and nanofiltration are advanced membrane filtration applications.
Interest in natural colorants has grown as a result of increasing environmental consciousness. Significant promotion of natural colorants is apparent in the fashion and apparel industry. Natural coloration requires the extraction of dyes and pigments from natural sources. However, extraction methods of natural dyes and pigments are not always completely eco-friendly due to the use of some toxic chemicals. Both traditional and modern greener approaches to these extraction processes have been discussed in this chapter along with their usage and application in textile coloration purposes. The aqueous extraction method and solvent extraction, two common techniques, are briefly reviewed along with their benefits and drawbacks. Enzymatic, ultrasound- and microwave-assisted, supercritical fluid, pulsed electric field, and alkaline/acidic extraction techniques are examples of contemporary approaches that have also been covered here. A comparison of all these extraction methods has been made for a clearer understanding.
