Figure - uploaded by Marco A. Ramírez-Mosqueda
Content may be subject to copyright.
In vitro selection of V. planifolia shoots resistant to high con- centrations of Fov: first cycle of selection
Source publication
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (Fov), the most devastating pathogen of Vanilla planifolia, an important orchid used in the food industry, causes stem and root rot. Vanilla genotypes that are resistant to Fov currently do not exist, so vanilla plants that are resistant to this fungus are needed. In vitro selection offers an effective means to ac...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... results show that the survival of V. planifolia shoots decreased as CF concentration in the culture medium increased (Table 1). Lowest survival (35.7%) was observed with 50% CF while 100% shoot survival was observed in the control treatment. ...Similar publications
The hardwoods cutting of Bougainvillea glabra variety Torch Glory were collected from healthy vigorous shoots of 3 year old plants. The cuttings were collected from November 15 at monthly interval upto February 15. The 15 cm long cuttings were prepared and treated with different concentration of IBA solutions by quick dip method. The cuttings were...
Citations
... Other fungal pathogens that attack vanilla are anthracnose (Colletotrichum sp.) and rust (Uromyces joffrini) . All these pathogens, especially those caused by Fusarium spp., are causing serious losses worldwide (FAOSTAT, 2017;Ramírez-Mosqueda et al., 2019). Although, in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, the greatest affectations caused mainly by Fusarium spp. ...
The state of Veracruz is the main producer of vanilla in Mexico. In recent years, this crop has been seriously affected by serious phytosanitary problems caused mainly by fungal pathogens. For this reason, it was proposed to develop the present work with the objective of determining the causal agents of the disease, incidence, and severity observed in a vanilla plantation located in the locality "El Palmar," Municipality Emiliano Zapata, Veracruz. A census sampling was carried out on one hectare of the plantation to determine the incidence of the disease. Disease severity per plant was determined using a 4-grade scale. Leaves and stems with disease symptoms were collected for morphological description of the pathogenic agents by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the presence of two species of phytopathogenic fungi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae and Puccinia sinanoemea, known to cause root rot and rust diseases in vanilla. The infection culminated in the deaths of most of the plantation workers. The incidence was classified as severe (4-grade), with 80% infestation by both pathogens. This study contributes to understanding the phytosanitary problems faced by the crop with mixed infections of fungal pathogens.
... Moreover, curcuma spp. was conserved for 379 days by the addition of 26.4 Indol-3-butyric acid (BAP) in MS media ) and protocorm-like bodies were induced in Laelia albida buds by the addition of 7.4 μM BAP along with 5.3 μM concentration of 1, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), which can be exploited for preservation (Ramírez-Mosqueda et al. 2019;Santos-Hernández et al. 2005). ...
The scenario of climate change and its impact leads to the emergence of new challenges to biodiversity and future productivity. The protection of biodiversity is giving high attention to looking for new, more effective and efficient methods for the conservation of biodiversity as well as for food and nutritional security for future demand. Horticultural crops are an important and integral part of food and nutrition and comprise various species ranging from fruits, spices and nuts, vegetables, ornamental, aromatic and medicinal plants and urgent need to conserve their germplasm for the present and future genetic improvement programs and conservation of horticultural genetic diversity. In the past few years, with the rapid strides in plant biotechnology, particularly in plant micropropagation and its utilization in various strategies of conservation have been developed. These new techniques are now commonly used for collection, multiplication, exchange, and short- to medium- and long-term conservation. Conservation of different crops has been achieved for different durations by different approaches, and has an important role in providing solutions for various futuristic solutions such as breeding program, crop improvement, and maintaining biodiversity and food and nutritional security, especially by conserving horticultural crops. Various protocols have been developed successfully for different horticultural crops for different time periods ranging from a few months to years, using micropropagation techniques for short- to medium- and long-term conservation strategies. Micropropagation includes mass multiplication to short-term conservation and changing different factors affecting plant growth and development prerequisite to medium-term conservation and, by storage at ultra-low temperatures, long-term conservation strategies have been developed.
... In Vanilla, the systemic occurrence of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been reported (White et al. 2014), while other species of endogenous bacteria have also been documented in other orchids, such as Cymbidium Sw. and Vanda Jones ex R. Br. (Faria et al. 2013;Shah et al. 2021). The presence of microorganisms has been a serious limitation in establishing in vitro cultures of V. planifolia (Ramírez-Mosqueda et al. 2019b). We found that the addition of 2.0 mg l −1 SB to the culture media successfully controlled the occurrence and proliferation of bacteria in explants of V. odorata and V. pompona. ...
Direct and indirect shoot regeneration in Vanilla odorata and indirect for V. pompona are described for the first time. Both species produce fragrant, vanillin-containing seed pods and are closely related to the commercially cultivated V. planifolia. Stem nodal segments cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 6-benzyl aminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg l−1 indole butyric acid (IBA) showed > 75% bud sprouting. Media containing 1.0 mg l−1 BAP or thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with 0.5–1.0 mg l−1 IBA produced approximately eight shoots/explant. In callus induction experiments, we found that shoot tips from in vitro plantlets were more responsive than leaf and nodal explants with the highest callus induction (47% in V. odorata and 40% in V. pompona) when cultured in the dark on medium containing 2.0 mg l−1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg l−1 BAP. Calluses transferred to basal medium containing 3.0 mg l−1 BAP plus 1.0 mg l−1 NAA and grown under a 16 h photoperiod produced an average of 4.1 and 3.5 shoots per callus segment for V. odorata and V. pompona, respectively, eight weeks after culture initiation. Histological analysis revealed the presence of calcium oxalate raphides, as confirmed by Raman microscopy, in callus cultured under both dark and light conditions. Over 90% of the plantlets derived from axillary buds exhibited spontaneous root formation on multiplication media; similar to that observed when shoots originating from callus were cultured on plant growth regulator-free medium. During the subsequent greenhouse acclimatization phase, which took place 12 weeks after the final subculture, these plantlets achieved a survival rate of 95%. The results of the present study will be helpful for further large-scale mass propagation efforts of V. odorata and V. pompona and other biotechnological applications such as protoplast isolation.
... This difference observed between the studies could be associated with the somaclonal variation that has been reported in different investigations [47,48]. In the case of V. planifolia, Ramírez-Mosqueda et al. [49] found that during 60 days under in vitro conditions (after two selection cycles), 35.7% (40) of the shoots were resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae filtered at a concentration of 50%, while 26% of the total shoots expressed systemic resistance to the disease under greenhouse conditions. ...
Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae (Fov), is a disease that results in significant losses in commercial vanilla production. The genera Ceratobasidium (Ceratobasidiaceae) and Tulasnella (Tulasnellaceae), which are often reported as mutualistic symbionts in orchids, belong to the form genus Rhizoctonia, a paraphyletic group of fungi with potential for pathogen biocontrol. We assayed the antagonistic properties of the form genus Rhizoctonia from the roots of neotropical orchids: two Tulasnella spp. isolates (Bv3 and Er1) and one Ceratobasidium sp. (Er19). In a dual culture, we found that form genus Rhizoctonia isolates can generate a biocontrol effect against Fusarium through the mechanisms of antibiosis and competition for space and nutrients. On histological observations, orchid root endophytes also demonstrated potential for mutualistic symbiosis development by establishing themselves on the surface and within the root tissue of Vanilla planifolia accessions multiplied in vitro (NSF021 and NSF092). However, in plant assays, the form genus Rhizoctonia isolates did not reduce symptom expression or disease development due to infection by Fov in the host. These results contribute to the knowledge of the interactions between tropical orchids and their microbiota and demonstrate the need for multidisciplinary studies for the implementation of integrated management strategies for Fusarium disease in commercial systems.
... Several efficient protocols have been developed to induce resistance in cell culture to various pathogens by using purified toxins in selection experiments (Gengenbach and Rines 1986). Also available literature suggests that this technique can be used to select disease resistant plants using either toxic/crude fungal culture filtrate or purified toxins (Fusaric acid) as a selective agent (Sharma et al. 2010;Flores et al. 2012;Mahlanza et al. 2013;Zhang et al. 2014;Popoola et al. 2015;Mosqueda et al. 2019). A prerequisite for success is the sensitivity at the cellular level to the toxin, reflecting the susceptibility of the intact plant to the pathogen. ...
... Similarly, Scala et al. (1984) used different concentrations of crude fungal filtrate in tomato to carry out cell line selection experiment. However, different concentrations of culture filtrate of F. oxysporum has been reported by many researchers in different crop species viz., Abaca (Purwati et al. 2007), Musa (Wu et al. 2010), Ginger (Bhardwaj et al. 2012), Lilli (Zhang et al. 2014) and Vanilla (Mosqueda et al. 2019). The various researchers have also reviewed that culture filtrates are very well known for the presence of extracellular non-specific phytotoxins which determine their pathogenicity (Nachimas et al. 1979;Pennisi et al. 1988;Sesto et al. 1990). ...
Numerous complex chemicals are being routinely used to prevent pathogens in various commercially important agri-horticultural crops that have some biosafety issues associated with human health and environment. Therefore, the present study was aimed to develop resistance in tomato against soil-borne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, through in vitro cell line selection approach. BLASTn analysis of sequenced 16S rRNA region of the fungus isolated from the wilt infected tomato plant was confirmed by ITS gene technology. Highest callus induction (79.63 ± 0.70%) along with shoot regeneration (78.68 ± 0.64%) was recorded on MS medium fortified containing 4.54 µM TDZ + 2.90 µM IAA and 2.27 µM TDZ + 1.0 µM 2,4-D using leaf explants, respectively. To carry out in vitro selection, developed calli using leaf explants were further subjected on selective medium followed by discontinuous selection cycles supplemented with 30% culture filtrate (CF) of targeted pathogen, where 21.32 ± 0.99 per cent average callus survival and 45.98 ± 0.55% average shoot induction (devoid of CF) were recorded. 12 moderately resistant lines were obtained from the total 48 cell lines during in vivo bioassay under glass house conditions. Two somaclones were confirmed at molecular level among the total 12 moderately developed resistant cell lines. The multilocation field trials are being done to check stable inheritance with generation wise advancements. It was inferred from the present study that these findings could be a cutting edge to develop resistance against various stresses in commercially important horticultural crops like tomato without posing any threat to environment. Two tolerant tomato somaclones developed against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici causing Fusarium wilt disease using an ecofriendly research methodology of in vitro cell line selection approach.
... La vainilla en México es consumida ampliamente al igual que el café, chocolate y bebidas como el mezcal, sotol, bacanora y tequila (Youssef & Spence, 2021;Baqueiro-Peña et al., 2017;Damirón-Velázquez, 2004). Sin embargo, esta especie presenta graves problemas de conservación debido a poca variación genética intrapoblacional, las principales dificultades a las que se enfrenta como la excesiva recolección para su venta ilegal, deforestación de sus ecosistemas naturales y alta susceptibilidad a patógenos (Vega et al., 2020;Ramírez-Mosqueda et al., 2019;Srivastava et al., 2018;Lubinsky et al., 2008;Bory et al., 2008). Es debido a la erosión genética (provocada por la excesiva propagación vegetativa) que la susceptibilidad de esta especie ante cambios climáticos (frío/calor cada vez más acentuados), estrés biótico (ataque de hongos, bacterias y/o insectos) y estrés abiótico (presencia de sequía, déficit nutrimental, presencia de metales pesados en el sustrato) lo que se deriva en la aborción de la flor o la vaina verde (fruto inmaduro), principal producto con el que comercian los productores en México, lo cual afecta severamente la productividad de este sector (Barrera-Rodríguez et al., 2009;Borbolla-Pérez et al., 2016;Castro-Bobadilla et al., 2011). ...
Vanilla is the orchid of greatest economic interest to the world since the spice of the same name is obtained from it. Vanillin is obtained from its ripened pod, this compound is highly recognized and demanded by the gastronomic, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries for the sweet aroma and flavor it emanates. The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review to put into perspective the reader about the sustainability strategies in the vanilla industry in Mexico, as well as the innovations of propagation and in vitro conservation of Vanilla planifolia germplasm. Despite being originally from Mexico, this country ranks third in world production, preceding Madagascar, and Indonesia. This compilation of studies presents biotechnological techniques to increase vanilla production, as well as alternatives that can reduce the negative effects caused by the low genetic accumulation in this species, such as plant tissue culture, use of molecular markers for the study of somaclonal variation, asymbiotic seed germination under in vitro conditions. These techniques together with agro-industrial strategies can represent a sustainable alternative for vanilla production. In this article, strategies are suggested that allow those interested in vanilla production to make appropriate decisions, however, it is necessary to develop multidisciplinary studies that allow a global approach to the phenomena involved in the production and use of vanilla, as well as the resolution of the problems that this process faces.
... Despite its economic importance, the vanilla crop is attacked by pathogens due to its low genetic variability, as a consequence of continuous vegetative propagation [6][7][8][9][10]. Among the various diseases that affect Vanilla crops, those caused by Fusarium species are considered the most limiting [11,12]. ...
... Other studies reveal that there may be accessions of V. planifolia with different degrees of response to pathogenic species of Fusarium spp., that is, material that is resistant, slightly resistant, moderately susceptible, susceptible, and highly susceptible [3,13]. Likewise, among V. planifolia plants of a same accession that are in vitro propagated, there is variation in disease severity after inoculation with F. oxysporum, which has been attributed to the somaclonal variation in different investigations [6]. These authors found that for 60 days (after two cycles of selection), 35.7% (40) of the buds were resistant to F. oxysporum strain H3 filtrates in a concentration of 50%, and that of the total buds selected, the 26% expressed systemic resistance to the disease under in vivo conditions. ...
Vanilla is an economically important crop for low-lying humid tropical regions. World demand for natural vanilla is increasing, but cultivated plants face serious phytosanitary problems. The disease known as Fusarium wilt is mainly related to the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae, and for its management, the pathogen–host relationship must be understood. Four in vitro multiplied vanilla accessions were evaluated: two Vanilla planifolia from Colombia and Mexico, one from V. odorata, and one (1) F1 hybrid (V. rivasii × V. trigonocarpa). In addition, three isolates of Fusarium from different symptomatic plants present in small-scale agroforestry systems: (1Fov) F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae from leaf, (2Fov) F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae from root and (3Fs) F. solani also from root. Plants with two months of growth were inoculated in vitro by immersion of roots, and the development of Fusarium wilt was recorded for 15 days, using a severity scale to describe symptoms and to calculate the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). No statistical differences were found when analyzing the interaction between Fusarium isolates and vanilla accessions. However, when independently analyzing the design factor Fusarium isolates, there were significant differences; the 1Fov isolate of F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae induced the highest symptoms as well as death in some plants of all accessions, while F. solani was considered a secondary pathogen. There were no statistical differences for the vanilla accessions factor, but the values of AUDPC and symptoms observed suggest a slight resistance in all the accessions. Therefore, it is suggested to explore the vanilla gene pool to generate multiplication material with resistance genes and to contribute with genetic improvement to successfully integrate the management of Fusarium wilt in commercial systems.
... However, the main constraints faced by these producers are fungal diseases and, occasionally, drought stress [34][35][36]. These aspects have also been addressed in studies on this [35][36][37][38]. ...
... For its part, indirect organogenesis has been used as an alternative to expand the genetic baseline of this species [21] and select somaclonal variants that are resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae [37]. Some of the advances in the development of direct organogenesis of V. planifolia are described below. ...
... The somaclonal variation analyzed detected 71.66% polymorphism, which was useful for selecting somaclonal varieties resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae [37]. ...
Somatic embryogenesis is an in vitro plant morphogenetic process due to cell totipotentiality to induce shoot regeneration. To induce this proliferation pathway, we used auxins such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in combination with cytokinins. There are numerous somatic embryogenesis protocols for a great diversity of plants, including orchids, but none has been yet reported in Vanilla planifolia. Vanilla (V. planifolia) is propagated mainly asexually through cuttings. Under in vitro conditions, it is propagated asexually through direct and indirect organogenesis involving the use of various plant growth regulators in different concentrations. The cell response depends on explant type, culture medium used, and incubation conditions. Direct organogenesis involves de novo formation from differentiated cells; the indirect pathway develops from cell dedifferentiation that produces an explant called "callus." In most cases, this type of cell regeneration uses Benzyladenine. The explants most used in this pathway are shoots, roots, and proto-corms, although some studies report the use of other types of explants, including leaves and seeds. Somatic embryogenesis in vanilla has been poorly studied partly because of the recalcitrance of this species. This work mentioned the advances in the in vitro morphogenesis of V. planifolia, mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of each morphogenetic pathway and its characteristics.
... Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks.), is the only orchid which is commercially cultivated. The compound vanillin (4-hydroxy-3methoxybenzaldehyde) that is primarily responsible for the characteristic flavor and smell of vanilla, is widely used in the food, craft, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries (Gantait & Kundu, 2017;Ramírez-Mosqueda et al., 2019) . In Mexico, it is a basic product of cultural and ancestral importance which serves as an economic support for families in the Totonacapan region in the north of the state of Veracruz. ...
... This has caused serious productive losses at the national level (Hernández-Hernández, 2010;Castro-Bobadilla, Martínez, Martínez, & García-Franco, 2011). F. oxysporum, has been the most devastating disease (Gantait & Kundu, 2017;Ramírez-Mosqueda et al., 2019). In countries such the Comoros, Reunion Island, Indonesia, México, Madagascar, and Colombia, this disease has produced losses of up to 80% (Pinaria, Laurence, Burgess, & Liew, 2015;Koyyappurath et al., 2016). ...
Vanilla planifolia Jacks., is the only commercially cultivated orchid for its compound vanillin. This crop has had serious production limitations due to its susceptibility to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanilla (Fov). Salicylic acid (SA) regulates growth and development processes and induces resistance in plants. Our study evaluated its effect on the growth and development of V. planifolia seedlings grown in vitro and in vivo. A completely randomized design was used with seedlings obtained from nodal segments (2-3 cm long) grown in MS medium with different concentrations of SA (0, 0.25, 5, and 7.5 μmol). An experimental design with four SA concentration treatments (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mmol) and 12 replications was used to evaluate the effects of SA on greenhousegrown plantlets. During four weeks, the number of shoots, length, thickness, number of leaves, number and length roots, chlorophyll and carotene content for both conditions were observed. We found the 7.5 μmol and 1 mmol SA stimulated the growth and development of vanilla plantlets grown both in vivo and in vitro. SA does not affect the content of photosynthetic pigments under any growth conditions.
... However, the main constraints faced by these producers are fungal diseases and, occasionally, drought stress [34][35][36]. These aspects have also been addressed in studies on this [35][36][37][38]. ...
... For its part, indirect organogenesis has been used as an alternative to expand the genetic baseline of this species [21] and select somaclonal variants that are resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vanillae [37]. Some of the advances in the development of direct organogenesis of V. planifolia are described below. ...
... The somaclonal variation analyzed detected 71.66% polymorphism, which was useful for selecting somaclonal varieties resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae [37]. ...
Somatic embryogenesis is an in vitro plant morphogenetic process due to cell totipotentiality to induce shoot regeneration. To induce this proliferation pathway, we used auxins such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in combination with cytokinins. There are numerous somatic embryogenesis protocols for a great diversity of plants, including orchids, but none has been yet reported in Vanilla planifolia. Vanilla (V. planifolia) is propagated mainly asexually through cuttings. Under in vitro conditions, it is propagated asexually through direct and indirect organogenesis involving the use of various plant growth regulators in different concentrations. The cell response depends on explant type, culture medium used, and incubation conditions. Direct organogenesis involves de novo formation from differentiated cells; the indirect pathway develops from cell dedifferentiation that produces an explant called "callus." In most cases, this type of cell regeneration uses Benzyladenine. The explants most used in this pathway are shoots, roots, and protocorms, although some studies report the use of other types of explants, including leaves and seeds. Somatic embryogenesis in vanilla has been poorly studied partly because of the recalcitrance of this species. This work mentioned the advances in the in vitro morphogenesis of V. planifolia, mentioning the advantages and disadvantages of each morphogenetic pathway and its characteristics.
