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Electricity is the driving force in a country's economy and the developing world needs reliable low cost electricity for its rapid growth. In light of the challenges faced by these countries, we have proposed a low cost PV based back-up system for critical loads in low grid reliability regions. In addition, the system can also be used in remote pla...
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... Motivated by this, we have developed a low-cost interactive energy management system that lets the residents understand their electricity usage patterns and adapt their behaviour to reduce their energy footprint. Further, such a system can also be linked with generation estimates and monitoring to further optimize the building level consumption [7][8][9]. ...
With the global energy demand to rise significantly in future, the onus is to reduce energy wastage by employing real-time energy-consumption monitoring and control. In this work, an energy consumption measuring plug is designed and developed which monitors and controls energy usage of appliances in real-time. The design itself is based on low-cost, commercially available hardware such as ADE7753 energy meter IC, ATmega8 microcontroller, current sensor, etc. The monitoring system developed has shown low average error rate of 0.66 % in power measurement when compared to commercially deployed energy meters, hence proving its accuracy. The analysis of individual feedback on energy usage based on these smart monitors is being carried out as part of a five weeks field trial. In these five weeks of trial, the proposed system has led to about 12% reduction in average power consumption when compared with legacy systems that do not involve smart monitoring systems.
... Commercially around 20% efficient c-Si panels are available whereas the record efficiency for multi-junction cells have been reported up to 44.7% [7]. This in conjunction with work on advancement of low-cost power electronics is essential for viable and sustainable energy supply to the world [8][9]. There is therefore a strong research potential in the development and testing of efficient technologies for the conversion of solar energy into usable energy. ...
Use of renewable energy is becoming extremely important with time due to depleting fossil fuels and increasing CO2 levels causing global warming. With increasing focus on renewable energy technologies, research into development and testing of photovoltaic (PV) based solar cells has gained eminence, particularly towards improvement in their functional efficiency. This research was carried out to design, develop and test a prototype solar cell test chamber. The design can be used to develop a standard and unified testing procedure based on this design to quantify the efficiency of photovoltaic cells. Tests on the prototype were carried out using a standard solar cell and the results of the cell performance under different operating parameters are presented in this paper.
... Another important aspect of the work is the use of low-cost Hall Effect sensor instead of a shunt resistance due to increased losses in the current path [15]. Accurate low loss current measurement is critical for efficient MPPT tracking as well as minimizing losses. ...
Growing solar PV energy generation must be coupled with low cost monitoring schemes for its wider uptake. Conventional grid-tied PV systems, deployed generally in the developed countries, are supplemented with information available through weather stations and other established means. However, emerging regions of Africa and South Asia require low cost local monitoring for resource optimization, preemptive maintenance and accurate return-on-investment estimations. In this context, this paper proposes a design and implementation of a low cost, efficient monitoring station for residential and low cost PV deployments. The designed system included irradiance, wind and temperature sensors coupling the output of a solar PV system for accurate energy estimations.
... 6,7 The trends suggest that standalone PV topology has been more common in developing regions such as Africa and South Asia as most of these regions either have no access to national grid in the first place or have an unreliable and intermittent grid. [8][9][10][11] Several microgrid orientations are also becoming popular for rural electrification in these countries. [12][13][14] Irrespective of the topologies, it is imperative that solar PV must be added to the energy mix of the world to reduce the energy crisis the world is facing at the moment with over 1.4 Â 10 9 people without electricity. ...
... 6,7 The trends suggest that standalone PV topology has been more common in developing regions such as Africa and South Asia as most of these regions either have no access to national grid in the first place or have an unreliable and intermittent grid. [8][9][10][11] Several microgrid orientations are also becoming popular for rural electrification in these countries. [12][13][14] Irrespective of the topologies, it is imperative that solar PV must be added to the energy mix of the world to reduce the energy crisis the world is facing at the moment with over 1.4 Â 10 9 people without electricity. ...
Performance of bulk Si based solar photovoltaic (PV)
panels deteriorate in weak light conditions. This generally affects the efficiency of associated power electronic components and compounds the overall loss in the yield of a PV system. It is, therefore, imperative to carefully plan the PV sizing and quantify this inherent loss in the efficiency of PV
panels. In this work, the impact of varying solar irradiation on the efficiency of crystalline Si based solar panels has been quantified through a novel mathematical formulation, which models the deterioration in performance based on actual insolation and temperature profiles. This loss phenomenon is attributed mainly to a reduction in open circuit voltage and fill factor of a panel which in turn lowers the conversion efficiency. An empirical relationship is also derived which relates the loss in energy harvested to the actual peak-sunlight hours of a region. Results indicate that this low irradiance loss has approximately a linear dependence on equivalent peak sunlight hours (EPSH). For instance, the loss of 3.8%, 4%, 4.5% for Austin, Washington and Seattle was observed for EPSH of 4.4, 4, and 3.4, respectively. Moreover, the loss variation from one year to another for a region has been approximately constant. Finally, a comparison was performed for predicted energy harvested to the measured yield and a good fit has been observed between predicted and actual values.
... Traditionally, battery backed up systems employ buck converters based charge controllers due to simple implementations [4,5]. For a general buck converter, the output voltage (Vout) given in terms of input voltage (Vin) is given as: Vout = D. Vin where D is the duty cycle of the switching element. ...
Rapidly growing solar PV energy sector demands development of low cost, reliable and energy efficient systems to continue its growth globally. Most PV systems deployed in the developed countries are based on grid-tied topology as the grid in these countries is largely stable. However, most of the developing world has an intermittent grid or a bulk of the population is not connected to the grid in the first place. In this context, this paper proposes a design and implementation of a low cost, efficient and robust maximum power point tracking based charge controller suited for stand-alone or backup PV applications. The charge controller incorporates a buck-boost topology that ensures a continuous battery charging in various conditions. The implementation includes a hardware protection against breakdown of converter switches in addition to a software based protection approach derived from converter analysis. The software algorithm, all programmed into a low cost 8 bit microcontroller, also incorporates a three state charging capability to charge battery under optimal conditions. The designed system was tested at 150W (output power) and performed optimally.
