Fig 3 - uploaded by Ling Hu
Content may be subject to copyright.
Immersaria usbekica (Li 2013814, SDNU). A: thallus; B: pycnidia; C: thallus section; D: apothecium section; E: amyloid reaction of ascus; F: paraphyses; G: ascospores; H: conidia.
Source publication
Three lichen species in the Lecideaceae (Clauzadea monticola, Immersaria iranica, I. usbekica) are reported for the first time from China.
Context in source publication
Context 1
... 41: 140 (1990) Fig. 3 Morphology -Thallus crustose, cracked-areolate, 0.15-0.5(-0.7) mm thick; areoles yellow-brown, flat to slightly convex; epinecral layer 14-20 µm high, (pheno-)cortical layer 25-35 µm thick; medulla I+; hypothallus black, more or less distinct between the areoles. Apothecia immersed, 0.2-0.5 mm diam., usually one or two per areole, with ...
Similar publications
![Fig. 1. Cetrariella commixta [Hansen 04.070 (C)]. A – Thallus with...](profile/Steven-Leavitt/publication/286113883/figure/fig1/AS:314564559294464@1452009443046/Cetrariella-commixta-Hansen-04070-C-A-Thallus-with-apothecia-B-Closeup-showing_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 3. Melanelia agnata [Gelting 10028 (C)]. A – Thalllus. B – Closeup...](profile/Steven-Leavitt/publication/286113883/figure/fig2/AS:314564559294465@1452009443098/Melanelia-agnata-Gelting-10028-C-A-Thalllus-B-Closeup-of-short-broad-pycnidia_Q320.jpg)
![Fig. 11. Melanohalea infumata [Hansen 08.265 (C)]. A – Peripheral lobe,...](profile/Steven-Leavitt/publication/286113883/figure/fig4/AS:314564559294467@1452009443193/Melanohalea-infumata-Hansen-08265-C-A-Peripheral-lobe-bearing-scattered_Q320.jpg)
Sixteen species of brown parmelioids are reported from Greenland, including one species of Cetrariella, three species of Melanelia, two species of Melanelixia, six species of Melanohalea, and four species of Montanelia. Descriptions and a key are provided.
Lichenes Delicati Exsiccati Editae of little, fine, special lichens is edited in honour of Antonín Vězda (1920–2008). The fifth fascicle of the exsiccate is consisted of 20 species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi and distributed to 12 lichen herbaria of the world. Collectors are K. Buaruang, D. Kalb, K. Kalb, G. E. Lee, L. Lőkös, A. Mertens, W....
Citations
... Currently, eight species of Immersaria are known worldwide (Lücking et al. 2017), three of which have lecanorine apothecia. Four of these species were previously reported from China (Hertel 1977;Zhang et al. 2015). ...
... Immersaria usbekica is similar to I. athroocarpa in its brown thallus and dense apothecia, but differs in its flat areolae, the brown epihymenium and the presence of confluentic acid and gyrophoric acid. By comparison with high-resolution photographs and the original descriptions (Hertel 1977) of Immersaria usbekica, we discovered that previous reports of this species from China (Zhang et al. 2015) were due to misidentification. It is known from Algeria, Iran, Spain, and the USSR (Barbero et al. 1990). ...
... Notes. This species was once reported as "Immersaria" cupreoatra from China (Zhang et al. 2015), but after comparing our collections with the type material, this was found to be a misclassification. Additionally, the phylogenetic results showed that these collections formed a well-supported lineage belonging to Lecaimmeria. ...
The species Immersaria cupreoatra has been included in Bellemerea. This caused us to reconsider the relationships between Bellemerea and the lecanorine species of Immersaria and to question the monophyly of Immersaria. Amongst 25 genera of the family Lecideaceae, most have lecideine apothecia, the exceptions being Bellemerea and Koerberiella, which have lecanorine apothecia. According to previous classifications, Immersaria included species with both lecanorine and lecideine apothecia. A five-loci phylogenetic tree (nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2, and mtSSU) for Lecideaceae showed that Immersaria was split into two clades: firstly, all the lecideine apotheciate species and secondly, all the lecanorine apotheciate species. The latter clade was closely related to the remaining lecanorine apotheciate genera: Bellemerea and Koerberiella. Therefore, the genus concept of Immersaria is revised accordingly and a new lecanorine genus Lecaimmeria is proposed. Furthermore, four new species for Immersaria and seven new species and three new combinations for the new genus Lecaimmeria are proposed. Keys to Immersaria and the new genus Lecaimmeria are provided.
... This species was once reported as "Immersaria" cupreoatra from China (Zhang et al. 2015) but after comparing with the type materials this was found to be a misclassi cation. Also, the phylogenetic results showed that these materials formed a well-supported lineage belonging to Lecaimmeria. ...
... ) of I. usberkica, we discovered that previous reports of this species from China(Zhang et al. 2015) were due to misidenti cation. It is known from Algeria, Iran, Spain and the USSR (Barbero et al. 1990). ...
The species Immersaria cupreoatra has repeatedly been reassigned between Bellemerea and Immersaria . This caused us to reconsider the relationships between Bellemerea and the lecanorine species of Immersaria , and to question the monophyly of Immersaria . Among 25 genera of the family Lecideaceae , most have lecideine apothecia, with the exception of Bellemerea and Koerberiella , which have lecanorine apothecia. According to previous classifications, Immersaria included species with both lecanorine and lecideine apothecia. A five-loci phylogenetic tree (nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2 and mtSSU) for Lecideaceae showed that Immersaria was split into two clades: firstly all the lecideine apothecia species, and secondly all the lecanorine apothecia species. The latter were closely related to the remaining lecanorine apothecia genera: Bellemerea and Koerberiella . Therefore, the genus concept of Immersaria was revised accordingly, and a new lecanorine genus Lecaimmeria was proposed. Furthermore, five new species for Immersaria , and seven new species and three new combinations for the new genus Lecaimmeria were proposed. Keys to Immersaria , the new genus Lecaimmeria and allied genera were provided.
The earliest list of 67 species, 19 varieties and 17 forms of lichens for Xinjiang Province in northwestern China by Wei in 1991 was extended by Abbas in 2002 to 278 species, 3 subspecies, 15 varieties and 17 forms, and by Xahidin in 2005 to c. 398 species. The present study of the largest province in China, based on a comprehensive literature survey
supported by a study of herbarium material, lists 596 taxa composed of 580 species, 4 subspecies and 12 varieties; of the 160 lichen genera, Cladonia has the highest number of species with 40, followed by Acarospora (30), Aspicilia (24) and Peltigera (24).
Biodiversity plays a key role in human welfare by providing agricultural, economic, and health benefits. However, following the industrial revolution, the rapid expansion of the human population and subsequent economic activities have caused a dramatic loss in global biodiversity, resulting in significant disturbances to ecosystems and our own living conditions. Accordingly, the conservation of biodiversity has become one of the most important challenges for humanity. The vast numbers of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the enormous genetic diversity of these species and the different ecosystems to which these organisms belong are all part of a biologically diverse planet. A substantial proportion of the world’s biodiversity has been destroyed, this loss is a catastrophe for all living species, including humans. Fortunately, we are working to remedy the destruction of our ecosystems. Herein, we summarized the discovery and development of biodiversity as a field of study and discuss the importance of the genetic and metabolite diversity. We proposed potential solutions to the loss of biodiversity with the aim of facilitating further exploration and identification of biodiversity, contributing for human welfare through the conservation of human habitats.
Environmental stresses are ubiquitous and unavoidable to all living things. Organisms respond and adapt to stresses through defined regulatory mechanisms that drive changes in gene expression, organismal morphology, or physiology. Immune responses illustrate adaptation to bacterial and viral biotic stresses in animals. Dysregulation of the genotoxic stress response system is frequently associated with various types of human cancer. With respect to plants, especially halophytes, complicated systems have been developed to allow for plant growth in high salt environments. In addition, drought, waterlogging, and low temperatures represent other common plant stresses. In this review, we summarize representative examples of organismal response and adaptation to various stresses. We also discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the above phenomena with a focus on the improvement of organismal tolerance to unfavorable environments.
