Figure - available from: Case Reports in Otolaryngology
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Imaging and cytopathology of the submandibular oncocytoma. (a) CT scan showing a well-circumscribed mass (1.6 × 1.3 cm) at the right submandibular space; (b)–(d) FNA of the mass showing clusters of polygonal eosinophilic epithelial cells with low N/C ratio, round nuclei, and prominent nucleoli ((b) Diff-Quik, ×400; (c) pap smear, ×400; and (d) cell block, ×400 (inset, ×600)).
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Background. Submandibular oncocytomas are rare benign salivary gland neoplasms. They are typically found in Caucasian patients aged 50–70 years with no gender preference. Due to the overlapping histological and clinical features of head and neck tumors, they are often misdiagnosed. Methods. We report a case of unilateral submandibular gland oncocyt...
Citations
... Nodular oncocytic hyperplasia may present as a clinically relevant mass, like an oncocytoma, and it may be very difficult to reliably differentiate between the two even through histological evaluation. In this scenario, the presence of a well-developed capsule, and unifocality of the oncocytic proliferation, is suggestive of an oncocytoma [1,24,25]. ...
... FNA smears from oncocytomas show cohesive 2-and 3-dimensional groups of uniform, polygonal cells with abundant granular cytoplasm. Other cytologic features include well-defined intercellular borders, central, round, nuclei with prominent nucleoli, relatively clean background without lymphoid cells, lack of cytoplasmic vacuoles, and lack of mitotic activity [7,24]. Based on these characteristics, it is challenging to differentiate oncocytomas from other oncocytic salivary gland tumors, and the reported sensitivity of FNAC is only about 29% [8]. ...
Oncocytomas of the salivary gland are uncommon neoplasms that are characterized by polygonal cells with abundant granular eosinophilic cytoplasm and relatively uniform nuclei. They are benign in nature and have a low recurrence rate with complete surgical excision. Though uncommon, oncocytic and clear cell variants of malignant tumors may histologically mimic oncocytomas and identification of their distinguishing features is essential. A classic example of an oncocytoma is discussed.
... Although malignant transformation and local recurrence of this tumour are unusual and uncommon, clinical follow-up is important because malignant oncocytoma may not be correctly diagnosed owing to histological similarities with benign oncocytoma . Diagnostic evaluation of tumours located in the deep lobe of parotid gland can be challenging, buthistopathology remains the gold standard method for a final decision.38 ...
... The Greek word "onkousthai" meaning "increase in bulk is the originator for the word 'oncocyte'. These Oncocytic cells were first described by Hurthle in the year 1894 in the thyroid gland of a canine [4,5]. Schaefer first described the term "oncocytoma" to describe "granular swollen cells" in ducts and acini of salivary glands. ...
... In the present case, the incidence was at a younger age; the patient being in her fourth decade of life at the time of presentation. Little or no sex predilection has been reported in the previous literature; few studies have reported slight female predilection similar to our case in a female patient [1][2][3][4][5]. ...
... Generally, no atypia is identified. However, the sensitivity of FNAC in detecting these lesions is reported to be low approximately 29% [1,3,5,6]. ...
1. Abstract Oncocytoma is a rare, benign salivary gland neoplasm composed of oncocytic cells abundant in mitochondria. Microscopically, the presence of oncocytes is the hallmark of this lesion. Onco-cytic cells are large polygonal cells having abundant eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and round central to eccentric nucleus. In this article, we are discussing a rare case of oncocytoma in a thirty-seven year old female with a swelling in the right parotid region. We highlight the importance of careful histopathological examination for diagnosing these entities.
... Oncocytomas of the salivary gland is uncommon, accounting for only 2% of all salivary gland neoplasms and typically affecting individuals in their sixth to eight decades of life. 1,2 The malignant transformation of oncocytoma or oncocytic carcinoma is extremely rare. The definite criteria for malignancy are based on capsular, vascular or neural invasion with or without evidence of metastasis. ...
Oncocytic carcinoma of the salivary gland is an uncommon tumour in the head and neck region. Owing to its rarity, identifying the histopathological features of a malignant tumour can be difficult and challenging. We report a case of a 70-year-old man who presented with a left facial weakness for six months in a background history of left parotid swelling over the past 10 years. Clinical examination revealed a 3x3cm left parotid mass and grade 4 facial nerve palsy. Fine needle aspiration of the mass showed scattered cohesive, monolayered sheets of uniform oncocytic cells. Subsequently, a left total parotidectomy and selective neck dissection were performed. Histological examination showed sheets of small oncocytes with minimal nuclear atypia. Evidence of nerve entrapment, capsular invasion and perivascular permeation were identified in focal areas. Thus, a final diagnosis of oncocytic carcinoma was rendered.
... 4 SMG oncocytomas are commonly unilateral, but a rarer bilateral case is also reported. 4 There is no gender preference. 4 SMG removal is commonly performed via submandibular approach with 5e6 cm skin incision. ...
... 4 There is no gender preference. 4 SMG removal is commonly performed via submandibular approach with 5e6 cm skin incision. However, there are potential risks of facial nerve injury and visible scar. ...
... Tüm başboyun bölgesi tümörlerinin %3-4 kadarını oluşturur. Sıklıkla parotis glandını tutar (%70) (6).Literatürde şimdiye dek bildirilen olgu sayısı 100'ün altındadır(6). Bizim serimizde 1 olgu onkositik adenom tanısı almış ve parotis bezinde yerleşimlidir.Schwannoma benin, soliter ve yavaş büyüyen, myelinize sinir liflerinden köken alan benin bir tümördür. ...
Oncocytoma is a benign salivary gland tumor composed predominantly of oncocyte, which are large epithelial cells with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm resulting from an accumulation of mitochondria. Oncocytoma is uncommon; most cases occur in the parotid gland. We encountered a rare case of oncocytoma of the submandibular gland.
An 80-year-old man with a gradually-growing mass in the left submandibular region came to our clinic. The tumor was elastic soft and mobile, with a clear margin. He did not complain of pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography（CT） showed a homogenous submandibular mass of approximately 50 mm in diameter, and magnetic resonance images（MRI） indicated a high-intensity mass on T1 weighted imaging in the left submandibular region. The patient underwent surgery under general anesthesia. Pathological examination showed that the tumor cells were large with eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and on the basis of these findings we diagnosed the tumor as an oncocytoma.
No recurrence has been detected as of nine years after the operation.
Background:
Sialolithiasis is one of the most common salivary gland disorders, most commonly affecting the submandibular gland. Submandibular sialolithiasis can be treated using non-invasive conservative measures and invasive treatments. Treatment selection was based on the ductal system anatomy and the size and location of the stones. This study aimed to review the updates on sialolithiasis treatment and compare the different management strategies of the variables.
Case summary:
This report presents a case of a long-term, rare, and giant sialolithiasis within the submandibular gland parenchyma for 30 years in an older adult. Our patient presented with painless right submandibular swelling. Computed tomography revealed a calcified mass measuring 35 mm × 20 mm within the right submandibular gland. In this case, the infection and fibrosis of the affected gland and size of the stone did not provide us with other alternatives except for the excision of the involved gland. Thus, right submandibular sialoadenectomy was performed via the transcervical approach. After the surgery, the patient recovered without any complaints, side effects, or complications.
Conclusion:
Tailored management is important for preserving gland function, maintaining low risk, and reducing patient discomfort.
In recent years, because of the growing desire to improve the noninvasiveness and safety of tumor treatments, sonodynamic therapy has gradually become a popular research topic. However, due to the complexity of the therapeutic process, the relevant mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. One of the widely accepted possibilities involves the effect of reactive oxygen species. In this review, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species production by sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and ways to enhance the sonodynamic production of reactive oxygen species are reviewed. Then, the clinical application and limitations of SDT are discussed. In conclusion, current research on sonodynamic therapy should focus on the development of sonosensitizers that efficiently produce active oxygen, exhibit biological safety, and promote the clinical transformation of sonodynamic therapy.
