Figure 2 - uploaded by Peter G. Wilson
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Images of vegetative characters and scale-forming insects. A-winged stem between two pairs of leaves in Hypocalymma cordifolium; B-black scale of a white fly larva attached to the pale undersurface (close to the distinctly darker, revolute margin) on a leaf of H. verticillare; C-shell-like scale of a female Callococcus larva on a hairy stem of H. xanthopetalum (sect. Hypocalymma); D-image and drawing of a white fly scale, with the empty scales of two previous instars retained on its dorsal surface, attached to a leaf of H. cordifolium; E-translucent brown scale, possibly of a coccid, close to a recurved margin on a leaf of H. cordifolium; F-diaspid scale on a leaf of H. cordifolium. Scale bars are 1 mm. Images taken by Alex Williams from R.F. Williams s.n. 16 Sep. 1932 (A, E), B.L. Rye 250505 & E.D. Middleton (B), M. Rose 111 (C) and R. Davis 7980 (D, F).
Source publication
Most members of the
south-western Australian genus Hypocalymma (Endl.) Endl. have seeds with a shallowly to very deeply
pitted testa. Two small groups of species, both revised here, differ in having a smooth or colliculate
testa. Both groups occur in humid environments in the extreme south-west of Western Australia and
show vegetative adaptations c...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... but has short, terete, simple hairs in H. phillipsii. Hypocalymma cordifolium has the most prominently winged stems (Figure 2A) in the genus. These wings project from the stem in the same direction as the leaves below and at right angles to the leaves above. ...
Context 2
... species of sect. Cardiomyrtus have broad, thin leaves dotted with very numerous, minute oil glands (see Figure 2E). On each side of a prominent midvein, a faint pattern of venation is often visible, with multiple, parallel secondary veins extending towards the margin and then linking up to form an intramarginal vein. ...
Context 3
... in sect. Cardiomyrtus, the upper surface is darker but the margins are more strongly recurved or revolute ( Figure 2B). ...
Context 4
... species of sect. Hypocalymma, H. robustum (Pike 1956: Figure 82) and H. angustifolium (Patel et al. 1984: Figure 44E, G), have a patterned surface, straight sides (rather than convex or concave) and very long colpi reaching to near the centre of the grain but not meeting. Pollen of similar size and other characteristics was recorded but not illustrated (Pike 1956) for H. phillipsii of sect. ...
Context 5
... could be the primary selection pressure for myrmecochory within Chamelaucieae. Although Berg (1975) lists no Myrtaceae as myrmecochorous, the presence of a fleshy aril on Rinzia (Trudgen 1986: Figure 2), Ochrosperma Trudgen and Euryomyrtus Schauer indicates that these genera are very likely to have ant-dispersed seeds. We are currently unsure how important ants are in the dispersal of Hypocalymma seeds and whether the seeds have a genuine reward for ants or just mimic the myrmecochorous seeds of genera with true elaiosomes (see Rye & Trudgen 2008). ...
Context 6
... scales also occur commonly on species belonging to sect. Hypocalymma ( Figure 2C) and on the two most closely related genera Astartea (Rye 2013: Figure 6A, B) and Cyathostemon but are unknown in any other members of the tribe Chamelaucieae. ...
Context 7
... is dorsiventrally very compressed and increases in size as the larva progresses through several stages (instars). The most mature scale commonly retains the empty scale of the previous instar, or even two previous instars ( Figure 2D), on its dorsal surface. For convenience this structure is referred to here as a compound scale. ...
Context 8
... 922) of H. cordifolium and also one specimen (G.J. Keighery 6192) of H. myrtifolium, seems to match the white fly scales that are common in H. verticillare of sect. Verticilla ( Figure 2B). These scales are simple (i.e. the scales of previous instars are shed not retained) and tend to be smaller than the compound kind that is commonly found on H. cordifolium. ...
Context 9
... Sep. 1932) of H. cordifolium, is pale brown with the body of the larva visible through the translucent scale ( Figure 2E) and appears to be a coccid (Hemiptera family Coccidae). No other members of the tribe Chamelaucieae are known to have this kind of scale, but it is not as obvious as the black scales and would be more readily overlooked. ...
Context 10
... insect group (Hemiptera family Diaspidae) observed in H. cordifolium has a scale shaped more like a long tear drop, with the narrowed end pale brown and the rest white ( Figure 2F). This diaspid is also known on H. myrtifolium but its occurrence on other members of the genus has not been investigated. ...
Context 11
... pieces membranous, very compressed, darker than the seeds. (Figure 2A) Distribution and habitat. Extends from Jarrahdale south to near Margaret River and along the south coast east to Cape Riche ( Figure 5A), in damp habitats, mainly associated with swamps or watercourses. ...
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Citations
... Recent publications on Hypocalymma began with a review of the whole genus (Strid & Keighery 2002) in which eleven new taxa were named. Two of these new taxa were originally treated as subspecies but both have subsequently been raised to the species level (Rye 2010;Rye et al. 2013). ...
... Cardiomyrtus Schauer with five species and sect. Verticilla Rye with two species, were described in Rye et al. (2013). Another small section of five species, distinguished by having petals much longer than the stamens, has been described as sect. ...
... Rye 2013) on the Astartea-Hypocalymma-Cyathostemon clade, Callococcus (Hemiptera family Eriococcidae) is a sap-feeding genus that uses all three plant genera as hosts but does not attack any other members of the tribe Chamelaucieae DC. The characteristic shape of female Callococcus scales is illustrated in Rye et al. (2013: Figure 2C). Another kind of stem-attached scale, which has been recorded on a specimen of a member of the H. angustifolium complex (S.A. Fisher 338), is produced by a bug species in the Diaspididae. ...
... Recent publications on Hypocalymma began with a review of the whole genus (Strid & Keighery 2002) in which eleven new taxa were named. Two of these new taxa were originally treated as subspecies but both have subsequently been raised to the species level (Rye 2010;Rye et al. 2013). ...
... Cardiomyrtus Schauer with five species and sect. Verticilla Rye with two species, were described in Rye et al. (2013). Another small section of five species, distinguished by having petals much longer than the stamens, has been described as sect. ...
... Rye 2013) on the Astartea-Hypocalymma-Cyathostemon clade, Callococcus (Hemiptera family Eriococcidae) is a sap-feeding genus that uses all three plant genera as hosts but does not attack any other members of the tribe Chamelaucieae DC. The characteristic shape of female Callococcus scales is illustrated in Rye et al. (2013: Figure 2C). Another kind of stem-attached scale, which has been recorded on a specimen of a member of the H. angustifolium complex (S.A. Fisher 338), is produced by a bug species in the Diaspididae. ...
... In 2013, the previously named sections of Hypocalymma were reviewed (Rye et al. 2013) and it was concluded that only two of them should be recognised, sect. Hypocalymma with pitted seeds and sect. ...
... The current paper presents additional molecular data and a full description of the new species group with pitted seeds, the 'Hypocalymma puniceum group' of Rye et al. (2013), as H. sect. Grandiflora Rye, Keighery & M.D.Barrett. ...
... For a history of Hypocalymma and its previously published sectional names see Rye et al. (2013). At the time the first sections were being established for the genus, by Schauer (1844), Turczaninow (1862) and Bentham (1867), all of the species treated here were unknown. ...
Rye, B.L., Keighery, G.J. & Barrett, M.D. Description of a new south-western Australian plant group, Hypocalymma sect. Grandiflora (Myrtaceae: Chamelaucieae: Astarteinae).. A new section of Hypocalymma (Endl.) Endl., H. sect. Grandiflora Rye, Keighery & M.D.Barrett, is described. Like sect. Hypocalymma, the new section has seeds with a pitted testa, but it differs in having solitary axillary flowers with large petals greatly exceeding the length of the stamens. Its type species is H. puniceum C.A.Gardner and three of its five species are new: H. inopinatum Rye, Keighery & M.D.Barrett, H. magnificum Rye, Keighery & M.D.Barrett, and H. polyandrum Rye, Keighery & M.D.Barrett. Keys are given to the four sections of Hypocalymma and to the species of sect. Grandiflora. Four species have conservation priority.
... Type material housed at PERTH or on loan from BM was examined, and images of types housed elsewhere were examined through Global Plants (https://plants.jstor.org/). (Rye et al. 2013) and Rinzia (Rye 2017), a policy of recognising sections within a single genus rather than several smaller, new genera was adopted for Balaustion. This was to allow the morphological discontinuities within Balaustion s. lat. to be clearly recognised without obscuring the close relationships between the morphological groups. ...
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