Images of a uncoated tokay gecko feet at different magnifications. 

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... charging was neutralized by applying unfocused low energy electrons generated by a flood gun. Lower dose at current less than 0.5 pA was used by setting low He pressure, smaller aperture and high condenser voltage such that the beam damage to the samples was significantly reduced. Results from Tokay geckos and from Cupienius spiders are in Fig. 2 and 3, ...

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... Tokay gecko samples were collected and prepared at Lewis & Clark College. Figure 2 shows four images of Tokay gecko feet at different magnifications. It has been seen that the pad of a gecko toe (Fig. 1b) is crossed by lamellar ridges covered with setae, which are packed as square clusters of 4 hairs (Fig. 2a). ...

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... Tokay gecko samples were collected and prepared at Lewis & Clark College. Figure 2 shows four images of Tokay gecko feet at different magnifications. It has been seen that the pad of a gecko toe (Fig. 1b) is crossed by lamellar ridges covered with setae, which are packed as square clusters of 4 hairs (Fig. 2a). The hierarchical branching of the setae terminates in the spatular pads, and this arrangement provides a dense covering in a manner reminiscent of the leaves on trees. The spider samples were prepared at Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel. Fig. 3 shows four images of spider feet at different magnifications. It can be seen that the ...

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... covered in hundreds of fine spatula-tipped setules (Fig. 3b and 3c). The image of Fig. 3d shows a more or less vertical view of some larger stalks with a length of several hundreds micrometers, indicating that the depth of field for HIM is very good. Although there is significant difference in the shape and size between spider and gecko feet ( Fig. 2a and Fig 3a), the difference in size and shape becomes smaller when looking at the spatulae at high magnification ( Fig. 2d and Fig. 3c). It is the spatulae which play the most critical role in gecko's amazing climbing ability because of their interaction with substrate through intermolecular attractions called van der Waals forces. Individually, ...

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... view of some larger stalks with a length of several hundreds micrometers, indicating that the depth of field for HIM is very good. Although there is significant difference in the shape and size between spider and gecko feet ( Fig. 2a and Fig 3a), the difference in size and shape becomes smaller when looking at the spatulae at high magnification ( Fig. 2d and Fig. 3c). It is the spatulae which play the most critical role in gecko's amazing climbing ability because of their interaction with substrate through intermolecular attractions called van der Waals forces. Individually, the attractive forces are tiny, but summed over the huge number of them, the aggregate adhesive force can be many times the ...