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Images 28A–O. General habitus. A—Chrysilla volupe (♂) | B—Cyrba ocellata (♂) | C—Harmochirus exaggeratus (♀) | D—Harmochirus zabaki (♂) | E—Hasarius adansoni (♂) | F—Hyllus manu (♂) | G—Hyllus manu (♀) | H—Hyllus semicupreus (♂) | I—Langona albolinea (♂) | J— Langona tigrina (♀) | K—Menemerus bivittatus (♂) | L—Menemerus bivittatus (♀) | M—Myrmaplata plataleoides (♂) | N—Myrmarachne melanocephala (♂) | O—Phanuelus gladstone (♂). © John Caleb
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A total of 108 species of spider species belonging to 84 genera and 25 families were identified from the scrub jungle of the Madras Christian College campus. Pagida salticiformis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1883) is recorded for the first time from India. Langona tigrina (Simon, 1885) is rediscovered 135 years since its first description and the unknown...
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Citations
... The morphological terminology and measurements follow Masner (1980) and Mikó et al. (2007Mikó et al. ( , 2010. The identification of the clubionid spider follows Majumder and Tikader (1991), Caleb (2020) and Zhang et al. (2021). ...
The present study from the state of Odisha, India, documents for the first time a species of Idris Förster (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) as an egg parasitoid of a clubionid spider. In Scelionidae, two genera, Ceratobaeus Ashmead and Odontacolus Kieffer, are known to attack clubionids. The emerged species of Idris did not fit the descriptions of congeners; hence, the new species is described and illustrated here as a novel species, Idris hirsutus Sunita and Rajmohana sp. n. The mt COI gene-based molecular characterisation of the species is provided. In addition, a preliminary phylogenetic tree to decipher the placement and broader geographic groupings of Idris on a country-wide scale is discussed.
... Both transfers seem to be based on the original description of the species, without examining the type. Corinnomma severum has been redescribed many times and has been recorded from several places other than the type locality (Simon 1886;Thorell 1887;Workman 1896;Gravely 1931;Song & Zhu 1992;Barrion & Litsinger 1995;Wang et al. 2012;Yin et al. 2012;Zhang & Wang 2017;Caleb 2020;Zhang et al. 2022). Sankaran (2021) redescribed and illustrated the type of C. comulatum. ...
The castianeirine species Corinnomma moerens Thorell, 1890, and C. plumosum (Thorell, 1881), both known only from textual descriptions, are redescribed and illustrated based on the type material. Type images for Corinnomma javanum Simon, 1905, C. severum (Thorell, 1887), and C. thorelli Simon, 1905 are presented to facilitate identification along with supplementary descriptions of the types, and the distribution of the species C. simplex Zhang, Jin & Zhang, 2022 is updated.
... Distribution. Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and India: Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal (Karsch 1892;Pocock 1899Pocock , 1900Gravely 1924;Tikader & Malhotra 1980;Gajbe 2004Gajbe , 2007Rao et al. 2005;Biswas & Raychaudhuri 2007;Sen et al. 2015;Dhali et al. 2017;Caleb 2020; present data) (Fig. 41). Patel & Reddy, 1993 Figs 30-31, 40 Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993: 121, fig. ...
... Gravely, 1924 (dot) and Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993 (star) India (Gravely 1924;Tikader & Malhotra 1980;Patel & Reddy 1993;Sen et al. 2015;present data). (Pocock 1899(Pocock , 1900Gravely 1924;Tikader & Malhotra 1980;Gajbe 2004Gajbe , 2007Rao et al. 2005;Sen et al. 2015;Dhali et al. 2017;Caleb 2020;present data). ...
The species of the genus Hippasa described/recorded from India are reviewed based on type and topotype material. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899 stat. rev. is resurrected from synonymy under Hippasa greenalliae (Blackwall, 1867). The following synonymies are proposed: Hippasa charamaensis Gajbe, 2004 syn. nov., Hippasa madhuae Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 syn. nov., Hippasa pisaurina Pocock, 1900 syn. nov. and Hippasa sinai Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2005 syn. nov., all synonymised with Hippasa deserticola Simon, 1889. Four species, Hippasa fabreae Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999, H. greenalliae, Hippasa hansae Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999 and Hippasa wigglesworthi Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999 are proposed as nomina dubia. The species Hippasa haryanensis Arora & Monga, 1994 is considered as nomen nudum. All the type
material examined are illustrated and supplementary descriptions and illustrations are provided for Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), H. deserticola, Hippasa himalayensis Gravely, 1924, Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, Hippasa lycosina
Pocock, 1900, Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, H. pantherina and Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993.
... All morphological features including the structure of the genitalia (except the body coloration) are consistent with the characteristics of M. plataleoides. Polymorphism with respect to its body coloration has also been reported by other workers, some of whom have also misidentified it and considered it a different species altogether (Ganesh Kumar & Mohanasundaram, 1998;Caleb, 2016Caleb, , 2020. However, the complete natural history involving both the sexes of any morpho-variant of this species has not been studied so far. ...
... In many animals, an unusual colour phenotype may appear spontaneously in an individual by genetic mutation which may or may not necessarily become fixed in the population; here, we have discovered and studied a whole population of morpho-variants with all-black individuals coexisting successfully with colonies of the black ant C. compressus. Prima facie, different body colour and mimetic preferences form a ground to consider this spider to be a different species but we refrain from doing so due to reports of polymorphism and polymorphic mimicry in this spider in previous works (Ganesh Kumar & Mohanasundaram, 1998;Borges et al., 2007;Caleb, 2016Caleb, , 2020. ...
... India, China, Sri Lanka (holotype locality), Malaysia, Thailand, Pakistan (Metzner, 2019); the records from India include the states of Assam, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, West Bengal, Bihar (Roy et al., 2016;Caleb, 2020) and Jharkhand (present study) ( fig. 4). The holotype locality, which is outside India, is also indicated. ...
We hereby report an isolated population of a rare morpho-variant of the ant-mimicking jumping spider Myrmaplata plataleoides (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869) from Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Haz-aribagh, Jharkhand, India, which is also the first record of this species from the state of Jharkhand, India. Descriptions of both male and female spiders, the female's exuviae, its eggs and habitat are presented. We have studied its moulting, feeding and sexual behaviour in detail, and have recorded various behavioural aspects that were never documented before, such as debris-rolling behaviour, photokinetic response, starvation response and oxygen deprivation response. We here report the occurrence of this spider near the colonies of the ground-nesting ant Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787). This spider is known to mimic the Asian weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius, 1775), which are greenish orange to red in colour. Specimens collected by us are dark brown to black in coloration whereas the commonly reported specimens are often greenish orange to red. We propose that the darker coloration would have been naturally selected in this isolated population of M. plataleoides as an adaptation to coexist with C. compressus, which is also black in coloration and abundant around the spiders. Study of the moulting behaviour of the morpho-variant further reveals the display of a novel mechanism of ant mimicry among these spiders which we have named as temporal myrme-comorphy. Temporal myrmecomorphy has been proposed to be a protective mechanism used by a harmless mimic against the attacks of the aggressive models so that it can co-exist with the models. Present study establishes the usefulness of a morpho-variant as an important model in understanding the evolution and behaviour of a species holistically.
... Distribution. India: Kerala (NWS), Maharashtra (Pune), Tamil Nadu (Chennai, KWS), West Bengal (Dhakuria -type locality; Pratapgarh) (Tikader 1960;Tikader 1971;Tikader & Biswas 1981;Caleb 2020; present data) (Fig. 6). ...
Tibellus elongatus Tikader, 1960 is redescribed, and the male is described for the first time. Examination of the types and newly collected specimens reveal that the species is misplaced in Tibellus and is hereby assigned to the genus Thanatus C. L. Koch, 1837-T. elongatus (Tikader, 1960) comb. nov. Another new combination is proposed: Lycopus bangalores (Tikader, 1963) comb. nov. (ex. Apollophanes).
... The synonymy of D. lugubris Thorell, 1887 is based on the comparison of available figures (Lessert 1939: figs 19-22;Brignoli 1976: figs 105, 111, 114-115;Rheims et al. 2007: figs 20-22, 90-93;Caleb 2020: figs 20A-D, 29M) and material from Mexico, previously studied by Rheims et al. (2007). ...
New taxonomic considerations in the spitting spider family Scytodidae Blackwall, 1864 are proposed. Here, the family is considered to include two subfamilies: Scytodinae Blackwall, 1864, comprising the genera Scytodes Latreille, 1804 and Dictis L. Koch, 1872, and Scyloxinae subfam. n., comprising the genera Scyloxes Dunin, 1992 and Stedocys Ono, 1995. Scytodes arwa Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 is considered a senior synonym of Scytodes makeda Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten, 2006 syn. n. and the male of Scytodes kumonga Zamani & Marusik, 2020 is described for the first time, with the species being newly recorded from Oman. Observations on the natural history of S. kumonga were made using specimens raised to maturity from egg-sacs produced by females collected in Oman. The monotypic genus Soeuria Saaristo, 1997 is synonymized with Dictis, hence the transfer of its type species, D. soeur (Saaristo, 1997) comb. n. to this genus. Dictis thailandica Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2010 is considered incertae sedis, and Dictis striatipes L. Koch, 1872 is considered a senior synonym of Dictis lugubris Thorell, 1887 syn. n., Scytodes bilqis Rheims, Brescovit & van Harten syn. n., Dictis denticulata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2010 syn. n., Dictis ganeshi Keswani, 2015 syn. n. and D. mumbaiensis Ahmed, Satan, Khalap & Mohan, 2015 syn. n., and the species is newly reported from several countries. Scyloxes magna (Bristowe, 1952) comb. n. and Scyloxes zhaoi (Wu & Li, 2017) comb. n. are transferred to Scyloxes from Scytodes and Stedocys, respectively.
... Records from India. Kerala, Tamil Nadu (Reimoser 1934;Caleb & Mathai 2016;Sudhin et al. 2016;Caleb 2020). ...
Indian species of the genera Apochinomma Pavesi, 1881 and Corinnomma Karsch, 1880 are reviewed. Corinnomma rufofuscum Reimoser, 1934 syn. nov. is synonymised with A. nitidum (Thorell, 1895). Redescriptions of A. nitidum and C. severum (Thorell, 1877) are provided, and two colour morphs (brown and black) of A. nitidum are illustrated. Supplementary descriptions for A. dolosum Simon, 1897 and C. comulatum Thorell, 1891 are provided. The species Castianeira quadrimaculata Reimoser, 1934 syn. nov. is recognised as a junior synonym of Coenoptychus pulcher Simon, 1885. Images of all the examined type material are provided and a catalogue of Indian corinnid species is presented.
... Hermit crabs were identified with the help of Trivedi and Vachhrajani (2017), while brachyuran crabs were identified using (Trivedi et al., 2018). For the identification of spiders (Caleb, 2020) was used. Finally, molluscan diversity was identified with the help of Zoological Survey of India (2007). ...
Coasts are among the most vulnerable ecosystems to the effects of climate change and the impacts of strong weather events. At the same time, they are also crucial buffers of these phenomena around the world. The current study describes the is ecological and geomorphological uniqueness of North Tamil Nadu’s coast. Five important coastal wetlands were identified in this region, namely Pulicat Lagoon, Adyar Estuary, Kovalam-Muttukadu Backwaters, Odiyur-Mudhaliyarkuppam Lagoon and Kaliveli Lake, which were survyed. The variety of habitats found here include mangroves, backwaters and creeks, estuarine areas, oyster reefs, sandy beaches and sand dunes, seagrass beds, salt marshes, and tropical dry evergreen forests. A total of 913 species from eight animals’ classes were recorded from these hotspots, of which 709 species were recorded during the study. Species recorded as bycatch have also been identified and marked so in the checklist The hotspots were assessed using a detailed criteria matrix. This study also highlights the ecological importance of these wetlands, discusses the current threats to them and explores conservation challenges and approaches from a socio-ecological and legal-policy framework.
... The majority of Langona representatives are known from Eurasia and Africa. The major papers on relationships and distributions of Oriental Langona are: Hęciak & Prószyński (1983), Prószyński (1992), Song et al. (1999), Peng et al. (2008), Caleb et al. (2015), Li & Lin (2016) and Caleb (2020). ...
The genera Langona Simon, 1901 and Neaetha Simon, 1884 are recorded from Thailand. Langona pattayensis sp. nov. (♂♀) and Neaetha wesolowskae sp. nov. (♂♀) are described and diagnosed. Distributional maps and remarks on the relationships of both genera and species are provided.
Background
The spider fauna of the Ogasawara Islands, oceanic islands located 1,000 km south of mainland Japan was comprehensively examined by the National Museum of Nature and Science in 2011, which revealed that approximately 70% of the spider fauna was composed of non-native species. Following the preceding study, however, only descriptions of several new species have been added and no major updates have been made for the overall spider fauna of the Islands.
New information
The faunistic survey of spiders conducted on Chichi-jima Island, the largest island in the Ogasawara Islands in 2023 revealed the presence of two ground-dwelling spider species, Oedignatha scrobiculata Thorell, 1881 (Araneae, Liocranidae) and Boagrius qiong Lin & Li, 2022 (Araneae, Palpimanidae) on the Island. This represents the first record of the two species from Japan, the first record of palpimaid spiders from Japan and the initial documentation of liocranid spiders in the Ogasawara Islands.
