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2: Image analysis from raw image to energy spectra: (a) Raw image of Cu − at 710 nm, ε is the laser polarization aligned parallel with the lab frame z-axis. (b) Raw image speed distribution. (c) Abel-inverted reconstructed image. Image represents the central slice from the reconstructed 3-dimensional photoelectron sphere. (d) Reconstructed image speed distribution. (e) Plot of the intensity as a function of electron kinetic energy (eKE). Using the appropriate Jacobian transformation, the velocity domain from the reconstructed image can be converted to the energy domain. (f) Plot of the intensity as a function of electron binding energy (eBE). The eBE of Cu − 4s orbital is 1.236 eV. 

2: Image analysis from raw image to energy spectra: (a) Raw image of Cu − at 710 nm, ε is the laser polarization aligned parallel with the lab frame z-axis. (b) Raw image speed distribution. (c) Abel-inverted reconstructed image. Image represents the central slice from the reconstructed 3-dimensional photoelectron sphere. (d) Reconstructed image speed distribution. (e) Plot of the intensity as a function of electron kinetic energy (eKE). Using the appropriate Jacobian transformation, the velocity domain from the reconstructed image can be converted to the energy domain. (f) Plot of the intensity as a function of electron binding energy (eBE). The eBE of Cu − 4s orbital is 1.236 eV. 

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