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Illustrative case of Right cerebellar tumor (39*42*38 mm) MRI enhancement: Upper panel showing Right Cerebellar tumor in sagittal section (A) and Axial (B). Lower panel showing follow-up MRI scan after 2 months (C) and 6 months (D) Axial section.
Source publication
Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) accounts 70% of all sex cord stromal tumors, of which adult types constitutes 95%. In rare cases, Primary extraovarian GCTs can occur and is supposed to arise from mesenchymal tissue along the embryonic genital ridge. One such rare case was encountered in a 71 year-old-widow-female who was admitted with the complain of...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... of the right cerebellar hemisphere showed abnormal mass enhancement with clear boundary and homogeneous enhancement in the solid part of the lesion. Multilocular septation was seen in the cystic part. The size of the septation was 39*42*38 mm. The fourth ventricle was narrowed and adjacent to it, considering the possibility of hemangioblastoma [ Fig. 1A, ...
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Adult type granulosa cell tumours are extremely rare. Albeit mostly benign, 10% have malignant potential associated with unfavorable pathological features. The present case with the longest history duration, shows that size alone may not necessarily be unfavorable prognosticator when not associated with other factors.
As a result of its expression in corresponding normal cell types, inhibin alpha (INHA) is used as an immunohistochemical marker for adrenocortical neoplasms and testicular or ovarian sex cord stromal tumors. However, other tumors can also express INHA. To comprehensively determine INHA expression in cancer, a tissue microarray containing 15,012 sam...
Adult Granulosa Cell Tumor of the Testis (AGCTT) is a rare sex-cord stromal tumor. About 73 cases have been previously reported in the literature. We report a case of AGCTT in a 64 years old male, located in the left testis. We performed left radical inguinal orchiectomy. A sagittal section of orchiectomy specimen showed a solid yellowish-white mas...
Sex cord-stromal tumors (SCSTs) are ovarian tumors that generally present with an adnexal mass and signs/symptoms of hormone excess. (Schultz et al., 2016) Gynandroblastoma is a rare subtype of SCST with a combination of female and male sex cord differentiation. These tumors typically present in premenopausal women and are diagnosed at early stages...
Background
Androgen-producing granulosa cell tumor in adolescent girl is rare condition and clinical characteristics are not fully elucidated.
Case presentation
Seventeen years old girl complained of secondary amenorrhea was referred to our out-patient consultation. Markedly elevated serum testosterone, LH, and AMH levels were noted. Mild hirsutis...
Citations
... However, the extremely rare cases of primary extraovarian GCT have been reported. It is well established that only 7 such extraovarian GCT cases have reported in English literatures, including pelvic sidewall, fallopian tube, broad ligament, uterosacral ligament, cerebellum, mesentery and retroperitoneal space [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. As result, another theory of GCT origin that it is from mesenchymal tissues of embryologic genital ridge (EGR) has been considered [9]. ...
... The extraovarian GCT is extremely rare, through review, only 7 cases have reported in the literatures [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. ...
Background. Granulosa cell tumors(GCTs) arising outside the ovary are extremely rare. Only 7 cases were reported previously. The clinical characteristics, surgery, therapy, prognosis, pathology and origin are unknown. This is the first case reported of extraovarian GCT arising from ileum.
Case presentation: A 44-year-old nulliparous Chinese female presented with weight loss, anorexia and hiccups for 3 months. Surgeries revealed a 8 x7 x6cm, solid mass arising from distal ileum, separating from the adnexa and uterus of normal appearance. Postoperative pathology confirmed the primary extraovarian GCT of ileum. Only one month of disease-free after four cycles of postoperative chemotherapy was remained when metastatic tumor developed in liver.
Conclusion. GCTs can arise from tissues other than ovary, may be with poor prognosis, and origin from mesenchymal tissues of embryologic genital ridge.
Extraovarian granulosa cell tumors are rare with very few cases of isolated retroperitoneal granulosa cell tumors reported in the literature. Granulosa cell tumors are notorious for late recurrences and patients should have long term oncologic follow up. We describe a case of recurrent granulosa cell tumor of the retroperitoneum that originally presented as a renal mass, which has not been described before in the literature. Her management was delayed in part due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Oncologists must be vigilant regarding the consequences of postponed care during this difficult time.
The aim of the study was to identify the pathomorphology of brain damage in patients who died of COVID-19.
Material and methods . Autopsy reports and autopsy brain material of 17 deceased patients with pre-mortem confirmed COVID-19 infection were analyzed. Fatal cases in which COVID19 was the major cause of death were included in the study. Five people were diagnosed with cerebral infarction. Organ samples were taken for histological examination during autopsy. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and by Nissl to assess brain histopathology. To study the vascular basal membranes the PAS reaction was used, to detect fibrin in vessels phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) staining was used, to determine DNA in nuclei sections were stained according to Feulgen, to detect RNA in neuronal nuclei and cytoplasm sections were stained with methyl green-pyronin. Immunohistochemical study of a neuronal marker, nuclear protein NeuN, was performed to assess neuronal damage.
Results . The signs of neuronal damage found in patients who died of COVID-19 included nonspecific changes of nerve cells (acute swelling, retrograde degeneration, karyolysis and cytolysis, ‘ghost' cells, neuronophagia and satellitosis) and signs of circulatory disorders (perivascular and pericellular edema, diapedesis, congested and engorged microvasculature).
Conclusion . Brain histopathological data indicate damage to the central nervous system in COVID-19 patients. Ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 is mostly caused by a combination of hypoxia resulting from respiratory failure and individual risk factors, including cerebrovascular atherosclerosis and hypertension.
Background
Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are usually benign and occur primarily in the trunk and head. Vaginal tumors are rare, particularly in children.
Case
A 9-year-old girl was admitted with irregular vaginal bleeding for 1 year. The bleeding had worsened in the previous 1 month. B-ultrasound and computed tomography showed a round mass in the vagina. We performed vaginoscopy using a hysteroscopic exploration and tumor resection via an open technique. The pathology of the resected tumor confirmed a vaginal wall GCT. No recurrence was noted in the following 16 months.
Summary and Conclusion
Our prepubescent girl is the youngest patient with GCT in the literature. Histopathological evaluation and complete tumor resection with clear margins is the primary treatment for benign or malignant GCTs.
