Figure - available from: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Illustration of the anatomy of the deep gluteal region in a dog, lateral view. Courtesy by Clean Run Magazine.
Source publication
The present study aimed to describe the ultrasonography technique and analyze the ultrasonographic findings of the proximal sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles in dogs with suspected sciatic neuritis. The records of 29 dogs that underwent musculoskeletal ultrasound of the sciatic nerve and deep gluteal muscles were retrospectively evaluated. Bot...
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Background
Lateral epicondylitis is one of the commonly noticed disorders of the arm described by agony focused over lateral epicondyle which is the site of wrist extensors origin. The purpose of this work was to compare the efficiency of extracorporeal shock wave therapy and local corticoid injection in management of lateral epicondylitis both cli...
Citations
... Ultrasonography can be used to assess the localization of trauma in the presence of a foreign body, perilesional scar, neuroma, or nerve stump, as well as neuritis caused by injection. [39][40][41] Magnetic resonance imaging also was used in combination with ultrasound neurography and alone in 3 patients. It is routinely performed in human medicine, in association with EDX. ...
Background
Reports describing sciatic nerve injuries (SNI) and their outcome are scarce in veterinary medicine.
Hypothesis
Describe the causes of traumatic and iatrogenic SNI and evaluate which clinical and electrodiagnostic findings predict outcome.
Animals
Thirty‐eight dogs and 10 cats with confirmed SNI referred for neurologic and electrodiagnostic evaluation.
Methods
Clinical and electrodiagnostic examination results, including electromyography (EMG), motor nerve conduction studies, muscle‐evoked potential (MEP), F‐waves, sensory nerve conduction studies, and cord dorsum potential (CDP), were retrospectively evaluated. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed based on owner interviews.
Results
Surgery (42%) and trauma (33%) were the most common causes of SNI; in dogs, 24% were caused by bites from wild boars. Ability to flex and extend the tarsus was significantly associated with positive outcome in dogs. Mean time from onset of clinical signs until electrodiagnostic evaluation was 67 ± 65 (range, 7‐300) days and 65 ± 108 (range, 7‐365) days for dogs and cats, respectively. A cut‐off amplitude of 1.45 mV for compound motor action potentials (CMAP) was predictive of positive outcome in dogs (P = .01), with sensitivity of 58% and specificity of 100%.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Clinical motor function predicts recovery better than sensory function. Electrodiagnostic findings also may play a role in predicting the outcome of SNI. Application of the proposed CMAP cut‐off amplitude may assist clinicians in shortening the time to reassessment or for earlier suggestion of salvage procedures. Owners perceived a good quality of life (QoL), even in cases of hindlimb amputation.
... Most studies of ultrasonographic description of peripheral nerves in veterinary medicine were carried out in small animals such as dogs and cats [14][15][16]. In this work, an ultrasound Life 2023, 13,1919 3 of 17 evaluation of ten sheep's sciatic nerves and their main branches, the common peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve, was carried out in order to establish the ultrasound appearance of these structures in non-intervened nerves and their anatomical and regional relationship to neighboring structures. ...
... The mean diameter of the sciatic nerve measured mid-thigh and just before its branching site is identical to that indicated in other species, such as dogs of similar size. Its ultrasound appearance is similar to that described in other species, such as humans [27], dogs [14,15], or cats [16], appearing as a hypoechogenic tubular structure covered by a hyperechogenic envelope corresponding to the epineurium, an aspect that allows its easy differentiation from soft tissues and bones in the vicinity. Before its branching site, the sciatic nerve diameter was also measured in a cross-section, rotating the probe 45 degrees from the position that allows for obtaining the longitudinal image ( Figure 8). ...
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a medical challenge with no easy resolution. Over the last few decades, significant advances have been achieved in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, and new assessment tools have been developed, both functional and imaging, to quantify the proportion and quality of nerve recovery. The exploration of new animal models, larger, more complex, and with more similarities to humans, has made it possible to reduce the gap between the results obtained in classic animal models, such as rodents, and the application of new therapies in humans and animals of clinical interest. Ultrasonography is an imaging technique recurrently used in clinical practice to assess the peripheral nerves, allowing for its anatomical and topographic characterization, aiding in the administration of anesthesia, and in the performance of nerve blocks. The use of this technique in animal models is scarce, but it could be a useful tool in monitoring the progression of nerve regeneration after the induction of controlled experimental lesions. In this work, sheep, a promising animal model in the area of peripheral nerve regeneration, were subjected to an ultrasonographic study of three peripheral nerves of the hind limb, the common peroneal, and tibial and sciatic nerves. The main aim was to establish values of dimensions and ultrasound appearance in healthy nerves and landmarks for their identification, as well as to perform an ultrasound evaluation of the cranial tibial muscle, an effector muscle of the common peroneal nerve, and to establish normal values for its ultrasound appearance and dimensions. The results obtained will allow the use of these data as control values in future work exploring new therapeutic options for nerve regeneration after induction of common peroneal nerve injuries in sheep.
... Most studies of ultrasonographic description of peripheral nerves in Veterinary Medicine were carried out in companion animals [14][15][16]. In this work, an echographic evaluation of ten sheep's sciatic nerves and its main branches, the common peroneal nerve, and the tibial nerve, was carried out in order to establish the echographic appearance of these structures in non-intervened nerves and its anatomical and regional relationship to neighboring structures. ...
... The mean diameter of the sciatic nerve measured mid-thigh and just before its branching site is identical to that indicated in other species, such as dogs of similar size. Its echographic appearance is similar to that described in other species such as humans [27], dog [14,15] or cat [16], appearing as a hypoechogenic tubular structure covered by a hyperechogenic envelope corresponding to the epineurium, an aspect that allows its easy differentiation from soft tissues and bones in the vicinity. Before its branching site, the sciatic nerve diameter was also measured in a crosssection, rotating the probe 45 degrees from the position that allows obtaining the longitudinal image (Figure 8). ...
... | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 2 August 2023 doi:10.20944/preprints202308.0193.v1 15 occupied all the available space inside the tube guide. DIST1 represents the nerve diameter and DIST2 represents the inner diameter of the tube guide. ...
Peripheral nerve injury remains a medical challenge with no easy resolution. Over the last few decades, significant advances have been achieved in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration, and new assessment tools have been developed, both functional and imaging, to quantify the proportion and quality of nerve recovery. The exploration of new animal models, larger, more complex and with more similarities to humans, has made it possible to reduce the gap between the results obtained in classic animal models such as rodents and the application of new therapies in humans and animals of clinical interest. Ultrasonography is an imaging technique recurrently used in clinical practice to assess the peripheral nerves, allowing its anatomical and topographic characterization, and aiding in the administration of anesthesia and in the performance of nerve blocks. The use of this technique in animal models is scarce, but it could be a useful tool in monitoring the progression of nerve regeneration after the induction of controlled experimental lesions. In this work, sheep, a promising animal model in the area of peripheral nerve regeneration, were subjected to an ultrasonographic study of three peripheral nerves of the hind limb, the common peroneal, tibial and sciatic nerves, in order to establish values of dimensions and ultrasound appearance in healthy nerves and also landmarks for their identification. At the same time, an echographic evaluation of the cranial tibial muscle, an effector muscle of the common peroneal nerve, was also carried out, establishing normal values for the echographic aspect and dimensions. The results obtained will allow the use of these data as control values in future work exploring new therapeutic options for nerve regeneration after induction of common peroneal nerve injuries in sheep.
