Figure - available from: International Wound Journal
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Illustration of fractal dimension as determined using SAXA. The median line shows fractal dimension, and the slope was the number of fractal dimensions of an object⁹
Source publication
Scar formation and chronic ulcers can develop following a skin injury. They are the result of the over- or underproduction of collagen. It is very important to evaluate the quality and quantity of the collagen that is produced during wound healing, especially with respect to its structure, as these factors are very important to a complicated outcom...
Citations
... Traditional imaging methods, such as 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are used to evaluate the blood circulation of DFU wounds [10,107] . To further enhance the ability of bioprinting to accurately evaluate DFU wounds and reconstruct biomimetic tissues, more auxiliary imaging and modeling methods have been developed [109][110][111][112] . Tian et al. [109] proposed to quantitatively describe the 3D structure of skin collagen tissue using fractal dimension analysis after analyzing skin under different pathological conditions. ...
... Tian et al. [109] proposed to quantitatively describe the 3D structure of skin collagen tissue using fractal dimension analysis after analyzing skin under different pathological conditions. Xu et al. [110] subsequently used small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) combined with the potential fractal characteristics of collagen to design a analysis tool for quantitating collagen to evaluate dermis and grafts and verified the analysis effect in a diabetic mouse model. In addition, Pena et al. [111] used two infrared cameras and an infrared projector to form a WoundVue camera for initial DFU wound measurement and periodic detection and evaluated the reliability of the camera by comparing the wound area, depth, and other indicators measured by the camera and an established Visitrak system. ...
Most conventional therapies have limitations in the repair of complex wounds caused by chronic inflammation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). In response to the demand for more biotechnology strategies, bioprinting has been explored in the regeneration field in recent years. However, challenges remain regarding the structure of complex models and the selection of proper biomaterials. The purpose of this review is to introduce the current applications of bioprinting technology in chronic diabetic foot wound healing. First, the most common application of bioprinting in producing skin equivalents to promote wound healing is introduced; second, functional improvements in the treatment of chronic and difficult-to-heal DFU wounds facilitated by bioprinting applications are discussed; and last but not least, bioprinting applications in addressing unique diabetic foot disease characteristics are summarized. Furthermore, the present work summarizes material selection and correlations between three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting and a variety of biomimetic strategies for accelerating wound healing. Novel, biotechnological tools such as organoids for developing new biomaterials for bioprinting in the future are also discussed.
