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Illustration of Eriophorum gracile from Spackman et al. (1997) by Janet Wingate. Used with permission.
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Context 1
... described by Hitchcock and Cronquist (1972), Ball andWujek (2002), andDorn (1992), Eriophorum gracile is a perennial, colonial graminoid with creeping rhizomes and slender erect stems 20 to 60 cm high (Figure 2 and Figure 3). The leaf blades are 1 to 2 mm wide and deeply channeled or triangular in cross-section, except near the stem. ...
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... technical descriptions and illustrations are available in Fernald (1905, Britton andBrown (1913), Rydberg (1932), Hitchcock and Cronquist (1972), and Ball and Wujek (2002). A drawing and a photograph of the plant and its habitat are available in the Colorado Rare Plant Field Guide, in both the online and print versions (Figure 2; Spackman et al. 1997). ...
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... Region 2 occurrences in Wyoming are exposed to livestock grazing. The four occurrences on the Shoshone National Forest are located next to subalpine ponds that serve as sources of water for livestock and pack horses (Houston personal communication 2004). The two occurrences within the Sheep Mountain Game Refuge are in areas that receive limited pack animal use. ...
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... This study in one of the northernmost populations of Eriophorum gracile confirms other data from different parts of its distribution area that populations of this species are very fragmented and show high fluctuations in the number of generative shoots [Barr 1996;Käsermann and Moser, 1999;Dickenmann and Keel, 2004;Decker et al., 2006;Chatters and Sanderson, 2014]. An analysis of spatial structure of populations has been pointed out that anemochory of E. gracile could be a bottleneck for the population fitness in rich fens conditions, whereas baro-and hydrochory of C. livida promotes further seed germination and survival. ...
... Проведенные в разных частях ареала Eriophorum gracile исследования также показали, что для многих популяций характерна фрагментированность, тенденции к снижению численности и масштабные флуктуации числа генеративных побегов [Barr 1996;Käsermann and Moser, 1999;Dickenmann and Keel, 2004;Decker et al., 2006;Chatters and Sanderson, 2014]. Пропуски его местонахождений во время вегетации и цветения вполне вероятны, поскольку во время сезонного развития особи наиболее узнаваемы в период плодоношения [Conaghan and Sheehy Skeffington, 2009]. ...
Species of Cyperaceae are little studied on the population level globally. Also in Murmansk Region, species from this family were not included in long-term population studies of rare plant species whereas other representatives from 21 families were put in [Blinova, 2009]. Experimental works with sedges is often neglected because of taxonomic difficulties and a lack of methods for study populations of this group [Kitamura et al., 2016; Sosnovska, Danylyk, 2017]. Such difficulties became obvious while the IUCN-red data book testing. Of rare sedges studied in this paper Eriophorum gracile is included in the regional Red data book [Kozhin, 2014] and Carex livida is in the Appendix of this book in the group Need of monitoring. The Murmansk Region (6670 N), located in the north-eastern corner of Russian Fennoscandia, is a part of the Atlantic-Arctic zone of temperate belt with a rather mild climate. The region is very heterogeneous. Two latitudinal vegetation zones can be distinguished: tundra and taiga. So, many boreal plant species reach here their northern limit of distribution. Our field work has been conducted in the center part of the region in a recently found rich fen [Blinova, Petrovskij, 2014]. Both study species (Eriophorum gracile и Carex livida) have circumpolar distribution in wetlands of northern hemisphere [Hulten, Fries, 1986], and they are at the northern range in Murmansk Region [Kuzeneva, 1954; Chernov, 1954]. They are polycarpic perennials. An annual shoot has been selected as a counting unit (Fig. 1). In E. gracile only the number of generative shoots has been counted in the field. For non-destructive purposes, from herbarium data, the ratio between generative and vegetative shoots was defined as 1:1. The total population size for this species has been estimated from this ratio. In population of C. livida, the direct counting in the field has been done on 3-5 small plots (0.25*0.25 м2). Lately this value has been recalculated according to the area of population subset. Clusters and subsets have been distinguished in population structure according to suggested aggregation patterns of spatial structure in local plant populations [Blinova, 2018]. Marked population subsets have been monitored several times in the growing period in 2014-2016 years. In the field the boundaries and areas of rich fen and populations (including subsets) have been estimated with the help of GPS navigation device Garmin Dakota 20, in the lab all data are further processed using Garmin Software BaseCamp 4.2.5. Nomenclature for vascular plants is given according to S. K. Czerepanov [1995], for mosses after M. S. Ignatov O. M. Afonina [1992]. Our results show that extremely low (0.2% for Eriophorum gracile) and relatively low (3.1% для Carex livida) population cover is characteristic for a large long-term monitored fen. Spatial aggregation of E. gracile population is structured on very small area (40 м2) whereas C. livida is established on relatively representative area (633 м2). E. gracile develops small population subsets (8 m2 on average) at a distance to next about 70 m in different parts of rich fen. Each such subset contains 9-10 mature individuals on average. C. livida has larger subsets (211 m2 on average) at 30 m away from the neighbor. The size of each subset makes c. 2500 generative shoots. The spatial population pattern of E. gracile shows isolated subsets with single clusters, whereas of C. livida represents isolated subsets with merged clusters. High fluctuations of population size and its subsets are revealed in E. gracile from year to year. The number of generative shoots and air temperature in the growing season (June-September) of the current year establish negative relationship. This study in one of the northernmost populations of Eriophorum gracile confirms other data from different parts of its distribution area that populations of this species are very fragmented and show high fluctuations in the number of generative shoots [Barr 1996; Ksermann, Moser, 1999; Dickenmann, Keel, 2004; Decker et al., 2006; Chatters, Sanderson, 2014]. An analysis of spatial structure of populations has been pointed out that anemochory of E. gracile could be a bottleneck for the population fitness in rich fens conditions, whereas baro- and hydrochory of C. livida promotes further seed germination and survival. Additionally, current climate-changed impacts could cause an extirpation of E. gracile from floristic composition of rich fens, whereas such a threat is minimal for C. livida. Both species need regional protection of their populations. An introduction into culture is essential for further ontogenetic studies and trigger examination of clonal division of labor.
... (Mills and Fertig 1996b), at East Lily Lake Fen in 1996 by Mellmann-Brown (Fertig 1997, 1998), and at Ghost Creek Fen in 2004 by Mellmann-Brown (table 3). Its conservation status in Region 2 is summarized by Decker et al. (2006b). ...
Fens are common wetlands in the Beartooth Mountains on the Shoshone National Forest, Clarks Fork Ranger District, in Park County, Wyoming. Fens harbor plant species found in no other habitats, and some rare plants occurring in Beartooth fens are found nowhere else in Wyoming. This report summarizes the studies on Beartooth fens from 1962 to 2009, which have contributed to current knowledge of rare plant distributions and biodiversity conservation. The study area is the Wyoming portion of the Beartooth Mountains in the Middle Rocky Mountains. Here, we profile 18 fens that occur over the range of elevations, settings, geomorphic landforms, and vegetation. The wetland flora from these 18 fens is composed of 58 families, 156 genera, and 336 vascular plant species-more than 10 percent of the known Wyoming flora. We discuss 32 rare vascular plant species and 1 bryophyte species associated with Beartooth fens and their State and regional significance. Protection and management of Beartooth fens are addressed in guidance documents prepared by the U.S. Forest Service Groundwater Program, regional peatland and sensitive species policies, and the Shoshone National Forest Management Plan. Information compiled in this report increases understanding of Beartooth fens, provides a basis for future research and comparisons with mountain fens elsewhere in Wyoming and the Rocky Mountains, and contributes to conservation of fen resources and services.
... The species is found throughout northern Asia, occurring as far east as the Kamchatka Peninsula and northern Japan; however, it appears to be rather rare in central Asia (Hultén 1962). In North America E. gracile has a widespread, though local, distribution throughout the northern states of the United States of America and the southern states of Canada (Decker et al. 2006). ...
... Although it may be argued that the habitats in which E. gracile grows often represent comparatively short-lived stages in seral succession, there is little doubt that drainage and/or eutrophication of water can accelerate the rate of succession from low-growing, species-rich plant communities to taller, species-poor ones (Tallis 1983;Wheeler 1983). The observed ecological preferences of E. gracile at its Irish sites, coupled with recent experiences in England (Winship 1994) and North America (Decker et al. 2006), suggest that the species is one of the first to disappear when open water conditions are eliminated. Therefore it is imperative that protective measures, such as the prevention of site drainage and surface water eutrophication, be imposed in order to slow down the rate of seral progression at sites. ...
... It is imperative that the remaining Irish sites be monitored on a regular basis to ensure that they are protected from damaging operations. Experiences in other countries (Winship 1994;Decker et al. 2006) have shown that protection of the existing hydrological balance within sites is needed in order to ensure the long-term survival of E. gracile. ...
W wyniku realizacji projektu "Ocena stanu populacji i ochrona ex situ wybranych, dziko rosnących gatunków roślin rzadkich i zagrożonych na terenie Polski - FlorNatur ROBiA" stworzono sieć regionalnych banków nasion i zebrano nasiona 33 gatunków roślin chronionych, rzadkich lub zagrożonych wyginięciem z 75 stanowisk z terenu całej Polski. Ponadto zebrano i przeanalizowano próbki gleby ze stanowisk, na których dokonano zbioru nasion a dodatkowe próbki gleby zabezpieczono w niskich temperaturach. Jednocześnie w ramach projektu utworzono bazę danych umożliwiającą monitoring stanu banków nasion we wszystkich ogrodach. Udało się również powiązać nowe regionalne banki nasion z działającymi już dużymi bankami nasion w Polsce: w PAN Ogrodzie Botanicznym – CZRB w Powsinie oraz w LBG Kostrzyca, określając zasady wymiany próbek nasion pomiędzy bankami oraz zasady deponowania wybranych próbek w warunkach kriogenicznych. Dodatkowo powstała rozbudowana strona internetowa projektu (www. robia.pl), na której można znaleźć szczegółowe informacje na temat jego realizacji oraz uzyskanych efektów.
