FIGURE 11 - uploaded by Hyoung Il Son
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
![FIGURE 4. Examples of RFID tracking. (a) Bees with RFID tags [19], [25]...](profile/Hyoung-Son/publication/337978330/figure/fig3/AS:837101390143490@1576591932975/Examples-of-RFID-tracking-a-Bees-with-RFID-tags-19-25-b-RFID-readers-and_Q320.jpg){kind=tracking}
Radio-telemetry tracking uses a lightweight transmitter and receivers capable of good mobility. This method can be used to track Asian hornets, which have a significant impact on bees and beekeepers. This is because hornet acts as a group and exhibit dangerous aggressiveness. The most efficient way to prevent the invasion of Asian hornets is to des...
Citations
... Flying insects, such as V.velutina, possess limited payload capacity owing to their lightweight anatomy, which highlights the criticality of determining their carrying capabilities. The flight capability experiment, detailed in our preliminary research [51], was performed using a test group of V.velutina loaded with weights ranging from 0.10 g to 0.30 g to assess their flight capabilities. The results indicated that weights within under the 0.20 to 0.25 g range did not impede flight, while weights exceeding 0.25 g adversely affected flight performance. ...
Declining honeybee populations can severely affect agricultural productivity and biodiversity because honeybees provide a crucial ecological service, that is, pollination. The Asian hornet or yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina nigrithorax, is a global predator of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) that has become widespread owing to rapid climate change. Given the ecological effect of this invasive alien species, effective management strategies are needed. Herein, we propose a localization system for tracking radio-tagged hornets and discovering hornet hives by combining unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a trilateration system. By leveraging the homing instinct of hornets, we systematically structured our experiments into a behavioral experiment, ground-truth experiment, and localization experiment. We installed two antennas around apiary premises and an additional antenna mounted on a UAV to track hornets equipped with sensors. According to the experimental results, we successfully discovered the hives of two of the five hornets tested. The average localization error for the first hive was latitude 0.0006(±0.0002) and longitude 0.0023(±0.0015) in decimal degrees. The average localization error for the second hive was latitude 0.0012(±0.0001) and longitude 0.0004(±0.0011) in decimal degrees. Additionally, we thoroughly analyzed the experimental results to obtain insights into hornet behavior and movement patterns. We explored the practicality and scalability of sensor-based tracking methods utilizing UAVs to ascertain their potential for widespread adoption and future advancement. Our study underscores the importance of using innovative technologies to address the ecological challenges posed by invasive species for facilitating ecosystem conservation and management efforts.
... Recently, with the increase in environmental pollution, the need for management systems that can effectively manage natural systems and ecosystems has emerged. [1][2][3][4] Furthermore, in agriculture, a system to minimize environmental damage and manage it is being studied. 5,6 Among the environmental management systems, data obtained from satellite maps of the natural environment of tributaries are used for water quality management. ...
This study proposes a discrete event system-based control strategy for autonomous tributary mapping using multi-unmanned aerial vehicle. When considering the unmanned aerial vehicles as discrete event systems, supervisory control theory is used to model and control individual unmanned aerial vehicle behavior in the system. In tributary mapping, the situation changes each time depending on environmental factors (e.g. weather) and the work must be performed in an unstructured environment. Therefore, this article proposes a multi-unmanned aerial vehicle-based supervisory control system to solve real-field problems. Unlike the control systems of recent studies, which mainly deal with continuous-time dynamics, we modeled a multi-unmanned aerial vehicle system based on a discrete event system in which the dynamic states are transitioned by asynchronous events. The proposed multi-unmanned aerial vehicle-based supervisory control system was validated in dynamic simulators and demonstrated that multi-unmanned aerial vehicle satisfies the behavior specifications. The supervisor proposed in this study was validated using a physics-based simulator.
... V. velutina (Arca et al., 2015)] offer additional management insights. Radiotracking methods, which had shown success with V. velutina invasions in Europe (Kim et al., 2019), were used in 2020 to track an individual V. mandarinia back to its nest. This led to the first successful nest eradication in the United States (Rosenthal, 2021). ...
In this chapter, we introduce major concepts associated with the management of invasive insects. We then focus more deeply on eradication and long-term management, especially integrated pest management, describing common factors associated with successful programs and potential challenges of each strategy. Brief case studies are provided to illustrate applications of eradication and IPM to various invasive insects in different regions. Lastly, we summarize recent research and technology that have progressed effective management of invasive insects and highlight areas where further research is needed.
... Radio telemetry uses a small sensor and antenna, and its communication range is adequate [6]. Therefore, the radio-telemetrybased tracking method is considered the most promising for tracking Vespa velutina [7]. ...
... We conducted a preliminary study to find the sensor weight that would not affect the behavior of Vespavelutina [7]. Six weights (i.e., 0.1 g, 0.13 g, 0.15 g, 0.20 g, 0.25 g, and 0.30 g) were attached onto Vespavelutina to determine which of them affected its flight ability. ...
... In Nguyen et al. (2019), Kim et al. (2019a), Ju and Son (2022), Kim et al. (2022), the authors introduced a UAV system that tracks and locates animals by measuring the received signal strength indicator value using radio tags attached to endangered species. Tracking using a single antenna has limited directivity and performance; therefore, the use of multiple antennas can prove to be more effective (Le et al., 2017). ...
Agricultural multirobot systems (MRSs) are expected to be essential in future agriculture. Therefore, MRSs comprising an aerial robot, a ground robot, and a manipulator are being actively studied for application in agriculture. However, MRSs are still being researched and several challenges need to be addressed. Moreover, no comprehensive surveys or detailed analyses of agricultural MRSs exist. Therefore, we systematically investigated and reviewed an MRS used in agriculture in terms of platforms, control, and application. This review primarily considers state-of-the-art research on agricultural MRSs and covers the developed platforms and controls applied to the field with subtasks. Furthermore, we introduce recent trends and analyze the problems and limitations of various MRSs. Finally, we discuss the points that need to be considered for commercializing agricultural MRSs and the expansion of their applications to the fields of geosciences and life sciences. Future research on the proposed agricultural MRS can help with advancements in the robotics market.
... In a previous study, we compared harmonic radar, RFID, and radio telemetry as insect tracking methods (Kim et al., 2019a). Harmonic radar has large communication distances and small transmitters (Chapman et al. 2011;Colpitts & Boiteau 2004;Kirkpatrick et al. 2019;Lavrenko et al. 2020;Tsai et al. 2012), but they have a large antenna. ...
Small invasive insects cause a reduction or disappearance of native insects, causing biodiversity problems. Therefore, tracking small insects is emerging as a method for biodiversity protection and ecosystem management; studies using tracking techniques, such as harmonic radar, RFID, and radio telemetry, are being conducted. A system using a mobile vehicle and a mobile robot that enhances the mobility of the existing passive tracking is currently being studied. We confirmed that radio telemetry is suitable for tracking insects by comparing the communication distance, weight, and lifespan of the transmitter in our previous study and developed a UAV‐based tracking method. In this study, we quantified the size of insects and conducted behavior, traceability, and field tests to verify the feasibility and performance of the developed system. We confirmed that the transmitter attachment did not affect the behavior of the insect, and the three‐dimensional movement of the insect did not affect the tracking performance. Furthermore, the tracking experiment was successfully conducted in a real environment. Thus, we quantitatively evaluated the performance of the proposed system and suggested a method to trace small‐sized insects.
... Eradicating nests is the most effective strategy for limiting the spread of invasive hornets (Kishi and Goka 2017, Kennedy et al. 2018, Kim et al. 2019, Tripodi and Hardin 2020. Finding nests is daunting, however, as workers can fly over the canopy and for long distances (Matsuura and Sakagami, 1973). ...
... Today's high-tech techniques include harmonic radar 23 (Maggiora et al. 2019), radiotelemetry (Kennedy et al. 2018;Kim et al. 2019) and drones (Reynaud and Guerin-Lassous 2016). Nests may be located by simple triangulation, where at least three specimens are captured, released at three different locations and their direction of flight is recorded: the nest should be close to where the different lines of flight intersect (Turchi and Derijard 2018). ...
... In summary, we aim to develop a mobile aerial platform capable of tracking flying insects. Animal tracking systems mainly include a (I) visual-sensor-based system (e.g., stereo camera and thermal camera), (II) satellite-based global positioning system (GPS) or Argos system, (III) radio-signalbased harmonic radar systems, radio frequency identification (RFID) systems, or radio telemetry systems [17], [18]. In this study, we aimed to develop a UAV-based tracking method for flying insects, and we considered three variables to evaluate the aforementioned systems: (i) the weight of the sensor to be attached to the target (e.g., transmitter and tag), (ii) weight of the sensor system to be attached to the UAV (e.g., receiver and camera), and (iii)traceable distance. ...
... Second, (II) excels in terms of (ii) and (iii); however, this approach is also ineffective because the sensors that could be attached to flying insects would have to be extremely small, and sensors of this size do not yet exist [19]. In our previous study [18], we confirmed that Asian wasps could fly only when the sensor attached to them weighed less than approximately 0.3 g. However, GPS sensors that weigh tens to hundreds of grams are generally commercialized. ...
... The obtained mathematical model of the directivity of the antenna is applied to the UAV controller to determine the direction of the transmitter. For validation of the tracking sensor system, a preliminary study was conducted to analyze the signal strength, range, and tendency based on the selected radio system [18]. ...
The tracking of flying insects is one of the main challenges in the field of ecosystem and biodiversity protection. In the case of invasive insects such as Asian hornets, extensive considerations must be made in estimating the habitat because of the limitations of available sensors and environmental uncertainty. In this study, we propose an approach for localizing and autonomously tracking radio-tagged flying insects and developing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based robotic system. The extended Kalman filter is applied to the received signal strength emitted from a radio telemetry transmitter to estimate the insect’s position while reducing the measurement error and noise. The proposed autonomous tracking strategy involves a method in which the UAV rotates around one point to measure the signal strength and control its position in relation to the direction of the strongest signal.We also designed a system architecture that includes a tracking sensor system and a UAV system for radio-tagged flying insects. The effectiveness of the proposed system for estimating and autonomously tracking the target position was evaluated via numerical dynamics simulation. Furthermore, feasibility tests with unmanned ground vehicle replacements for insects and UAVs were performed to validate the proposed approach. Finally, to verify the UAV system, field tests were conducted to track a fixed radio-tagged flying target on a vast flatland. This study is unique because we propose and validate a novel mobile robot-based tracking system to localize radio tags of flying insects.
... Therefore, it is necessary to study and develop a novel mechanism for correct attitude control, as described earlier, as well as attach direct sensors suitable for agricultural machinery. Studies on attitude control are being actively conducted in various fields, such as in the fields of automobiles, drones (Guo, Jiang & Zhang, 2017), mobile robots (Odry, Fuller, Rudas & Odry, 2018), telemetry and satellites (Du, Li & Qian, 2011;Kim, Ju, Kim & Son, 2019b). Substantial efforts have been made to control attitude accurately with the required attitude adopting various sensors (Zhu et al. (2019) ;Jiang, Hu & Friswell (2016); Zhou & Zhou (2020)). ...
Korean cabbage harvesting lacks mechanization and depends on human power; thus, conducting research on Korean cabbage harvesters is of immense importance. Although these harvesters have been developed in various forms, they have not yet attained commercialization. Most Korean cabbage fields have slopes; thus there are several challenges, that can prevent accurate harvesting. Therefore, to address these challenges at the site, we adopt two cylinders in this study, develop a mechanism that enables attitude control of the cutting device, not driving platform body, to cope with slopes. By maintaining the level, angle, height of cutting, we can reduce loss and improve harvest performance. It is difficult to find examples where these mechanisms have been applied. For basic research, sensor fusion has been carried out based on the Kalman filter, which is commonly utilized for attitude control. The hydraulic cylinder was controlled using the data obtained for maintaining the attitude. Furthermore, field tests were conducted to validate this system, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was obtained and verified to quantitatively assess the presence or absence of attitude control. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest a development direction for Korean cabbage harvesters via the proposed attitude control system.
... Locating the nests of the hornets and destroying them is one of the most effective ways to control the Asian giant hornet [3]. Existing methods for identifying their nests are mainly based on remote tracking [4] with image recognition [3]. Although these methods are able to locate nests automatically, they require the equipment of drones and face the problem of great search cost. ...
As infamous invaders to the North American ecosystem, the Asian giant hornet (Vespa mandarinia) is devastating not only to native bee colonies, but also to local apiculture. One of the most effective way to combat the harmful species is to locate and destroy their nests. By mobilizing the public to actively report possible sightings of the Asian giant hornet, the governmentcould timely send inspectors to confirm and possibly destroy the nests. However, such confirmation requires lab expertise, where manually checking the reports one by one is extremely consuming of human resources. Further given the limited knowledge of the public about the Asian giant hornet and the randomness of report submission, only few of the numerous reports proved positive, i.e. existing nests. How to classify or prioritize the reports efficiently and automatically, so as to determine the dispatch of personnel, is of great significance to the control of the Asian giant hornet. In this paper, we propose a method to predict the priority of sighting reports based on machine learning. We model the problem of optimal prioritization of sighting reports as a problem of classification and prediction. We extracted a variety of rich features in the report: location, time, image(s), and textual description. Based on these characteristics, we propose a classification model based on logistic regression to predict the credibility of a certain report. Furthermore, our model quantifies the impact between reports to get the priority ranking of the reports. Extensive experiments on the public dataset from the WSDA (the Washington State Department of Agriculture) have proved the effectiveness of our method.
