Table 1 - uploaded by Qin Zhan
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Metadata is important to facilitate data sharing among Geospatial Information Communities in distributed environment. For unanimous understanding and standard production of metadata annotations, metadata specifications are documented such as Geographic Information Metadata Standard (ISO19115-2003), the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metada...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... will discuss the conversion here. The mappings between UML in ISO and OWL are shown in Table 1 and Table 2. The main conversions are: a UML class is mapped to an owl: Class; a UML association is mapped to a owl: ObjectProperty; a UML association cardinality is mapped to owl: Cardinality, owl: minCardinality, or owl: maxCardinality; the relationship of class inheritance is mapped to owl: subClassOf; a element in a CodeList or Enumeration is mapped to an instance of a owl: Class. ...
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Citations
... Studies on the semantic representation of the IHO S-100's data models have been introduced [12,13,19]. Park and Park also proposed a multiple-domain data-utilization architecture based on a marine knowledge base for support of the semantic representation of S-100-compliant data and their interrelationships. ...
In the maritime field, interest in the utilization of multiple and various domains’ data for provision of relevant, accurate and timely information ensuring the safety and security of navigation at sea has been growing. Discussion, for example, of the implementation of e-navigation, a new maritime service paradigm introduced by the International Maritime Organization, is ongoing. E-navigation enables and facilitates the on- and off-shore exchange, sharing and utilization of marine and marine-related domains’ data in support of users’ decision-making. For consistent exchange and sharing of marine and marine-related data in the e-navigation environment, the International Hydrographic Organization’s S-100 has been adopted as the baseline of the common maritime data structure. S-100 provides common data models for consistent definition of data elements representing data contents. To that end, it supports syntactic-level data interoperability among S-100 applied e-navigation systems. However, the current S-100 does not provide methods or models for formal representation of data semantics or semantic-level harmonization of data. Therefore, current e-navigation-system efforts are focusing on the utilization of multiple domains’ data at the syntactic-level. To provide relevant information for various marine activities, e-navigation systems should be able to handle various domains’ data and integrate them at the syntactic-level. In this paper, we introduce a method by which multiple domains’ S-100-based data can be integrated according to the characteristics of such data. Additionally, we present a method for consistent display and integration of multiple domains’ S-100-based data. These methods promise to greatly facilitate S-100-based e-navigation systems’ handling of multiple and various domains’ data.
In the maritime field, e-navigation, a new-paradigm information service framework that provides proper, accurate and timely information related to various marine activities at sea, has been widely discussed. For consistent exchange, sharing, and use of data among e-navigation services, the S-100 standard of the International Hydrographic Organization was adopted as the Common Maritime Data Structure. To provide proper information in the form of e-navigation services for various activities at sea, it is necessary to integrated, at the semantic level, S-100-based data that exists in several domains and is distributed both onboard and ashore. Whereas S-100, as the common data model, resolves the issue of syntactic interoperability among domains, it does not provide for semantic interoperability. In this paper, we introduce for the purposes of effective e-navigation, a multi-domain data utilization structure based on a marine knowledge base for support of the semantic representation of S-100-compliant data and their semantic interrelationships. The multiple-domain data utilization structure enables e-navigation services to access multiple-domain data and to find the e-navigation services best supporting their marine activities.
Metadata provides the information that describes, explains, or makes it easier to retrieve, use, or manage information resources. In the marine field, a metadata model is defined and used for exchange, retrieval, integration, and usage of data, such as hydrographic data. The S-100 of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), recently introduced new paradigm for integration and usage of various data on marine safety and the marine environment, also includes a metadata model defined in uniformed modeling language (UML). This model, consisting of entities that describe the main concepts and conceptual structures of metadata, provides for syntactic interoperability between systems. However, semantic heterogeneities as well as difficulties encountered in automatic semantic-based processing remain yet. For the purposes of enhancing semantic interoperability between systems on the S-100-based infrastructure, we herein introduce a new metadata ontology. Analyzing metadata elements in the S-100 metadata model, we removed the syntactic and semantic redundancies of the metadata elements. After conceptualizing and generalizing the metadata elements, we defined ontology elements free of syntactic or semantic redundancy. Additionally, we improved the previous ontology by UML-to-OWL conversion.
