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... packet latency is measured using ping tool and analysed for generated traffic for differed frame size. Figure 3, indicated that latency values get increases when the frame size increases for all VPN protocols. Also, it showed that the latency without VPN is less than all the latency values for IPSec AES-sha1 and IPSec 3DES-sha1 and it happened because of the traffic load with encrypted packets over packets without encryption [1]. ...
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Citations
... The IPSec stack consists of three subcomponents: Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP), Authentication Header (AH), and Internet Key Exchange Protocol (IKE). The AH protocol is also discussed in [22] the security and quality of service aspects of VPNs are considered. The IKE protocol allows the various VPN endpoints to produce session keys for secure communications through a series of message exchanges. ...
... In [22], experimental analysis was performed on Debian environment Linux by implementing the IPsec tunneling protocol with different encryption algorithms. The paper concludes that IPSec AES-sha1 provides fair and reasonable terms performance comparable to IPSec 3DES-sha1. ...
Virtual private network (VPN) represents an HW/SW infrastructure that implements private and confidential communication channels that usually travel through the Internet. VPN is currently one of the most reliable technologies to achieve this goal, also because being a consolidated technology, it is possible to apply appropriate patches to remedy any security holes. In this paper we analyze the performances of open source firmware OpenWrt 21.x compared with a server-side operating system (Debian 11 x64) and Mikrotik 7.x, also virtualized, and different types of clients (Windows 10/11, iOS 15, Android 11, OpenWrt 21.x, Debian 11 x64 and Mikrotik 7.x), observing the performance of the network according to the current implementation of the various protocols and algorithms of VPN tunnel examined on what are the most recent HW and SW for deployment in outdoor locations with poor network connectivity. Specifically, operating systems provide different performance metric values for various combinations of configuration variables. The first pursued goal is to find the algorithms to guarantee a data transmission/encryption ratio as efficiently as possible. The second goal is to research the algorithms capable of guaranteeing the widest spectrum of compatibility with the current infrastructures that support VPN technology, to obtain a connection system secure for geographically scattered IoT networks spread over difficult-to-manage areas such as suburban or rural environments. The third goal is to be able to use open firmware on constrained routers that provide compatibility with different VPN protocols.
